Émile Loubet

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Émile Loubet
Sadi Carnot
Preceded byCharles de Freycinet
Succeeded byAlexandre Ribot
Personal details
Born(1838-12-30)30 December 1838
Marsanne, France
Died20 December 1929(1929-12-20) (aged 90)
Montélimar, France
Political partyDemocratic Republican Alliance
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1869⁠–⁠1925)​
; her death
Alma materUniversity of Paris
Signature

Émile François Loubet (French: [emil lubɛ]; 30 December 1838 – 20 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France from February to December 1892 and later President of France from 1899 to 1906.

Trained in law, he became

Dreyfus Affair
.

Early life

Loubet was born on 30 December 1838, the son of a peasant proprietor and mayor of Marsanne (Drôme). Admitted to the Parisian bar in 1862, he took his doctorate in law the next year. He was still a student when he witnessed the sweeping triumph of the Republican party in Paris at the general election in 1863, during the Second French Empire. He settled down to the exercise of his profession in Montélimar, where in 1869 he married Marie-Louise Picard. He also inherited a small estate at Grignan.[1]

Physical description

American politician William Jennings Bryan described Loubet as "below the medium height, even for Frenchmen. His shoulders are broad and his frame indicative of great physical strength. His hair is snow white, as are also his beard and mustache. He wears his beard square cut at the chin. . . . His voice is soft, and he speaks with great vivacity, emphasizing his words by expressive gestures."[2]

Political career

Émile Loubet, c. 1880s

At the crisis of 1870, which brought about the Empire's end, he became

Albert, the duke of Broglie.[1]

In the general election of October he was re-elected, local enthusiasm for him being increased by the fact that the government had driven him from the mayoralty. In the Chamber he occupied himself especially with education, fighting the clerical system established by the

Loi Falloux, and working for the establishment of free, obligatory and secular primary instruction. In 1880 he became president of the departmental council in Drôme. His support of the second Jules Ferry ministry and his zeal for the colonial expansion of France gave him considerable weight in the moderate Republican party.[1]

He had entered the

Sadi Carnot, who was his personal friend, asked him to form a cabinet. Loubet held the portfolio of the interior with the premiership, and had to deal with the anarchist crimes of that year and with the great strike of Carmaux, in which he acted as arbitrator, giving a decision regarded in many quarters as too favourable to the strikers. He was defeated in November on the question of the Panama scandals, but he retained the ministry of the interior in the next cabinet under Alexandre Ribot, though he resigned on its reconstruction in January.[1]

President of the French Republic (1899–1906)

Painting of Loubet

His reputation as an orator of great force and lucidity of exposition and as a safe and honest statesman procured for him in 1896 the presidency of the Senate, and in February 1899 he was chosen president of the republic in succession to Félix Faure by 483 votes as against 279 recorded by Jules Méline, his only serious competitor.[1]

Loubet caricatured by Guth for Vanity Fair, 1899

He was marked out for fierce opposition and bitter insult, as the representative of that section of the Republican party which sought the revision of the

General Galliffet, minister of war, remitted the ten years' imprisonment to which Dreyfus was condemned at Rennes.[1]

Loubet's presidency saw an acute stage of the clerical question, which was attacked by

Nicholas II of Russia at the French maneuvers of 1901 and paid a visit to Russia in 1902.[1]

On 4 July 1902 President Loubet was elected an honorary member of the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati.[citation needed]

Loubet also exchanged visits with

Opéra Garnier.[1][3] When his presidency came to an end in January 1906, he became the first President of the Third Republic to have served a full term and without resigning a second one.[1]
He retired into private life and died on 20 December 1929 at the age of 90.

Honours

He received the following orders and decorations:[4][5]

Loubet's Ministry, 27 February – 6 December 1892

Changes

  • 8 March 1892 –
    Godefroy Cavaignac
    succeeds Roche as Minister for the Colonies. Roche remains Minister of Commerce and Industry.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Loubet, Émile François". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 26.
  2. ^ Bryan, The Old World and Its Ways (1907: St. Louis, Thompson Publishing), page 510
  3. ^ Bomb for Loubet and King Alfonso; New York Times; 1 June 1905; p. 1; Note: Regarding an error in reporting: The New York Times article does in fact give their later destination as the "Palais d'Orsay", however, that building had burned down in 1871.
  4. ^ Almanach national. Annuaire officiel de la République française, Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1900, pp. 469, 600–601, 603, 605, 607, 616, 623, 626, 630
  5. ^ Almanach national. Annuaire officiel de la République française, Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1903, pp. 660, 663, 676
  6. ^ Nieuws Van Den Dag (Het) 07-10-1900
  7. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36811. 4 July 1902. p. 3.
  8. ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1901) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1901 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1901] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 6. Retrieved 4 July 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  9. ^ Calendario generale del regno d'Italia. Italy. Ministero dell'interno. 1920. p. 57.
  10. ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
  11. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36913. London. 31 October 1902. p. 8.
  12. ^ "Latest intelligence - France". The Times. No. 36801. London. 23 June 1902. p. 5.
  13. Royal Thai Government Gazette (16 October 1902). "ส่งเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ไปพระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์มหาจักรกรีบรมราชวงษ์พระราชทานแก่ มองซิเออ เอมินลูเบด์ ประธานาธิบดีแห่งฝรั่งเศส" (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  14. ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 441, retrieved 12 March 2021 – via runeberg.org
  15. ^ "The Order of the Norwegian Lion", The Royal House of Norway. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  16. ^ Journal de Monaco

Further reading

  • Hennlichová, Marcela. "The Royal Visit to Paris and the Presidential Visit to London in 1903—An Icebreaker of the Public Opinion or a Milestone in the History of the Entente Cordiale?" Prague Papers on the History of International Relations 1 (2019): 38-53. online
  • Larkin, M. J. M. "Loubet's Visit To Rome And The Question Of Papal Prestige." The Historical Journal 4.1 (1961): 97-103. online

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Émile Loubet.
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Public Works
1887–1888 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of France
1892 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Ernest Constans
 Minister of the Interior
1892–1893
Preceded by President of the Senate
1895–1899 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of France
1899–1906
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Salvador Casañas i Pagés (1899–1901)
Ramon Riu i Cabanes (1901)
Toribio Martín (Acting)
Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenollera
(1902–1906) 		Succeeded by
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