Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne
Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne | |
---|---|
Paul d'Albert de Luynes | |
Succeeded by | Cardinal Anne Louis Henri de La Fare |
Personal details | |
Born | Paris | 9 October 1727
Died | 19 February 1794 Sens | (aged 66)
Profession | Chief Minister of France |
Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne (French pronunciation:
Life
Early career
He was born in Paris, in the Loménie family from Flavignac, some twenty kilometres from the city of Limoges, in the Limousin region of France, currently part of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Their origins have been traced back there to the 15th century.
The Loménie de Brienne were the junior branch of the Loménie family and had succeeded in implanting themselves into the world of the French royal court over several centuries. They had been ennobled in 1552 when
A capable student, Étienne-Charles entered the clergy, seeing this as the path to attaining a distinguished position. In 1751 he became a doctor of
His many famous friends included
Though some contest the suggestion,
Politics
In 1787, in the
Loménie de Brienne, who had in the meantime been made
On September 14, 1788, the publicly-hated Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes was finally recalled, and this led to renewed energy on the part of revolutionaries, who began rioting in Paris. Rioters tried to burn down the homes of both Lamoignon and Brienne.[13]
Rise and fall
On 15 December following, he was made a
An adopted nephew, Pierre-François de Loménie, was appointed at his request Coadjutor of the diocese in his absence. Étienne-Charles consecrated him. He was to follow his uncle in swearing the oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, but along with other members of the family the coadjutor was guillotined on 10 May 1794, having in the meantime repented of his submission.[14]
After the outbreak of the
He bought the former Abbey of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the city centre of Sens and had the majestic church, burial place of his predecessors as Archbishop of Sens, demolished, installing himself in the abbot's house with members of his family. He had a gift for winning popularity and a section of the local population were his ardent supporters. Nevertheless, the days even of the Constitutional Church were soon done. Though he had refused to ordain constitutional bishops,[17] at the height of the Revolution, on 15 November 1793, he renounced the priesthood, but his past and present conduct made him an object of suspicion to the then prominent revolutionaries. He was arrested at Sens on 18 February 1794, and that same night died in prison, whether from a stroke or by poison, some said by suicide, though the shock of the failure of his bravado and all his frantic efforts at survival would perhaps have been enough to kill him.[18]
Works
The chief works published by Loménie de Brienne are:
- Oraison funébre du Dauphin (Paris, 1766)
- Compte-rendu au roi (Paris, 1788)
- Le Conciliateur, in collaboration with Turgot (Rome, Paris, 1754)
Notes
- ^ "Étienne-Charles de Loménie de Brienne – French cardinal and statesman". britannica.com. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: Etienne-Charles de Lomenie de Brienne".
- ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: Etienne-Charles de Lomenie de Brienne".
- ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 936–937.
- ^ von Guttner, Darius (2015). The French Revolution. Nelson Cengage. pp. 38–42. Archived from the original on 2023-04-03. Retrieved 2015-10-30.
- ^ Cf. Bernard Plongeron, L’Eglise constitutionnelle à l’épreuve du Directoire: réorganisation, liberté des cultes, papauté et concile national de 1797, in Hervé Leuwers (dir.), Du Directoire au Consulat: 2. L’intégration des citoyens dans la Grande Nation, |Université Charles de Gaulle, Lille, 2000, p. 161.
- ^ Claude Manceron, Anne Manceron, La Révolution française: dictionnaire général, Renaudot, Paris, 1989, p. 81.
- ^ Cf. ‘Il faudrait au moins que l'archevêque de Paris crût en Dieu’: cf. Jean-Denis Bredin, in Sieyes. La clé de la Révolution française, Fallois, Paris, 1988, p. 42.
- ^ Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 6". The Great French Revolution, 1789–1793. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings.
It came to be known – every one talked of it and after every one had talked about it, the Notables, drawn from the upper classes and practically a ministerial assembly, separated on May 25 without having done or decided anything. During their deliberations Calonne was replaced by Loménie de Brienne, Archbishop of Sens.
- ISBN 0-313-30328-2.
- ^ a b Chisholm 1911, p. 937.
- ^ Schama, p. 238.
- ^ Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 5". The Great French Revolution, 1789–1793. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings.
- ^ Honoré Fisquet, La France pontificale, Paris, 1864, Tome II pp. 165–166; Jean Montier, Martial de Brienne, dernier abbé de Jumièges et son oncle Loménie de Brienne, ministre de Louis XVI, Durand & fils, Fécamp, 1967.
- ^ Schama, p. 240.
- ^ Paul Pisani, Repertoire biographique de l’Épiscopat constitutionnel (1791–1802), Picard, Paris, 1907, pp. 82–84.
- ^ Armand Jean, Les évêques et les archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801, Picard, Paris, 1891, p. 367.
- ^ Paul Pisani, Repertoire biographique de l’Épiscopat constitutionnel (1791–1802), Picard, Paris, 1907, p. 83.
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Loménie de Brienne, Étienne Charles de". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 936. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Hardman, John (2010). Overture to Revolution: The 1787 Assembly of French Notables. ISBN 978-0-19-159532-5.
- Perrin, Joseph (1896). Le cardinal de Loménie de Brienne, archevèque de Sens: ses dernières années. Episodes de la révolution. Sens: Impr. de P. Duchemin.
- ISBN 0-679-72610-1.