Øresund Region
Øresund Region
Greater Copenhagen | |
---|---|
Urban area | |
Country | Sweden Denmark |
Largest city | Copenhagen (1,366,301) |
Area | |
• Metro | 20,755 km2 (8,014 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Metro | 4,136,082[1] |
• Metro density | 200/km2 (500/sq mi) |
The Øresund Region (
The region has a population of 4,002,372 (2018) and a population density of 192/km2 (500/sq mi).[3]
Since the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658, Scania (Danish and Swedish: Skåne) has been subordinate to the King of Sweden, except during the Scanian War (1676–79) and briefly in 1710, but it only became a province of Sweden under the Treaty of Stockholm 1720 (dated 3 July 1720).[4] From 800 to 1658, Greater Copenhagen was united under the flag of Denmark, although in the early years Denmark sometimes had several local kings. In recent years, part of the population has stressed Scania's regional identity again.[5]
The Øresund Region consists of both rural and urban areas. Areas on the periphery of the region have a relatively low population density, whereas the two metropolitan areas of Copenhagen and Malmö are two of the most densely populated in Scandinavia. Helsingborg also forms an important urban hub on the Swedish side.
Cross-border activity
The Øresund Region is an important hub for economic activity in Scandinavia.[6]
In 2007, almost 25 million people traveled over the Øresund Bridge: 15.2 million by car and bus, and 9.6 million by train. By 2009, the figure had risen to a total of 35.6 million travellers by car, coach, train or ferry.[7]
Statistics compiled in January 2007 show 14,000 people commuting each day over the Öresund Bridge.[8] Compared with 2005, the commuter traffic increased by 43% in 2006. The growing number of Swedes commuting in order to take advantage of the need for labour on the job market in Copenhagen and the higher salaries offered in Denmark, as well as an increased immigration of Danes to the south of Sweden, were essential factors in the traffic increase.[8] In 2006, 4,300 persons moved from the Danish part of the Øresund Region to Scania, attracted by lower Scanian real estate prices.[8] Since July 2000, 22,500 Danes have moved to Scania.[9]
Apart from work related commuting, Swedes cross over to Copenhagen to enjoy shopping and nightlife, to attend cultural and educational institutions and to use Copenhagen Airport. The largest airport in Scania, Malmö Airport is located 47 km (29.2 mi) from Copenhagen Airport and has limited international air traffic.
After the opening of the bridge in 2000, an 'Öresund identity' has been promoted in the region in order to counter-act various barriers to cross-border cooperation caused by nationalistic sentiments on both sides.[10] In 1997, a consortium of twelve universities (four Swedish and eight Danish) from both sides of the Sound has been established, opening up all courses, libraries and other facilities to all students, teachers and researchers from the region.[11] The universities have 150,000 students and more than 14,000 researchers combined. The secretariat is located at Lund University and at the University of Copenhagen.
The commercial interaction across the border has also significantly increased. In 2018, an average of 19,100 vehicles crossed the bridge each day.[12]
The ports of Copenhagen and Malmö were merged in 2001 to form a single company, Copenhagen Malmö Port. This cross-border merger of two ports into one legal entity is the first in history, according to Copenhagen Malmö Port AB, the Swedish registered limited liability company operating the port, a company equally owned by Port of Copenhagen and Port of Malmö.[13]
In May 2018 the
According to the population registry, as of 2023, 12,872 Swedes live in the Danish regions of the Øresund region and 19,540 Danes in Scania as of 2021. While the number of Swedes in the Danish regions has steadily increased from 10,507 in 2008, the number of Danes living in Scania has decreased from nearly 24,000 in 2009 to 19,540 in 2021. 7,564 Danes live in Malmö, 2,052 in Helsingborg and 862 in Lund, while 5,539 Swedes live in Copenhagen, 937 in Frederiksberg and over 500 in both Gentofte and Helsingør.[15][16]
Political and administrative structure
Since 1993, local, regional and national authorities have cooperated in a regional policy forum called the
The committee is legally a member organization funded by its members and by the
Problems
One deterrent to closer economic integration is the lack of a single currency, as both Sweden and Denmark maintain their own currencies, the Danish krone and Swedish krona, although both are accepted in some areas of the other country.
Another problem has been a lack of transparency of the rules for taxes,
An imbalance in the
A fourth problem is voting privileges; Danes living in the Swedish part of the Øresund Region, but working in the Danish part, lose their right to vote in general elections in Denmark even if they work in Denmark.[19]
Universities
- Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen
- IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
- Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen
- Lund University, Lund
- Malmö University, Malmö
- World Maritime University, Malmö
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Malmö
- Roskilde University, Roskilde
Statistics
Region | Population | Area | Density |
---|---|---|---|
Capital Region of Denmark | 1,822,659 | 2,568 km² | 709.76/km² |
Region Zealand | 835,024 | 7,273 km² | 114.81/km² |
Skåne County | 1,344,689 | 11,027 km² | 121.95/km² |
Grand Total | 4,002,372 | 20,868 km² | 191.79/km² |
Data as of January 1, 2018
Statistical areas
The region is divided into seven statistical areas (NUTS 3), six in Denmark and one in Sweden.
- Byen København
- Københavns omegn
- Nordsjælland
- Bornholm
- Østsjælland
- Vest- og Sydsjælland
- Skåne län
See also
References
- ^ ""Fact: The Øresund region has 4.1 million inhabitants"".
- ^ Sydsvenskan. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
- ^ a b "Geography". Tendens Øresund. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ Treaty in faximile from Swedish National archive
- ^ Peter, Laurence. "Bridge shapes new Nordic hub". BBC News, 14 September 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ Antonio Virgili, L´Øresund: regione transfrontaliera della nuova Europa, Università di Firenze, 1996
- ^ "Öresundsbron | Bättre resultat trots den ekonomiska avmattningen". Archived from the original on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
- ^ a b c Commuter traffic cause of strong growth in traffic volume on the Øresund Bridge in 2006. Press release, 2 January 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ "Stadig flere danskere flytter til Skåne". Politiken, online version, 17 August 2007. In Danish. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
- ^ The Öresund Committee.Living in the Øresund Region. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ Øresund University. What is Øresund University?. 26 January 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ Øresundsbro Konsortiet. Traffic Statistics 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ CM Port. History in brief. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
- ^ "Copenhagen and Malmo want to build the 'first international metro in the world'". Euronews. 29 May 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ "Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age (5 years age groups), ancestry and country of origin". statistikbanken.dk. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ "Population by region, country of birth and sex. Year 2000 - 2022". Statistika centralbyrån. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ "Medlemmer af bestyrelsen". Greater Copenhagen & Skåne Committee. Greater Copenhagen & Skåne Committee. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
- ^ ISSN 1399-1396. Available in pdf format from Roskilde University. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ Roijer, Frida. Danskar i Sverige kräver rösträtt i Danmark Archived 2007-11-09 at the Wayback Machine. Sydsvenskan, 8 November 2007. (In Swedish). See also Swedish MP marvels at Danish law. News section, Nordic Council of Ministers, 12 November 2007.
External links
- Greater Copenhagen - the official web site of Greater Copenhagen
- Øresund Region – the official Web site of the Øresund Region
- Öresundskomiteen – committee of political representatives from regional and local authorities from Denmark and Sweden
- Oresund Statistics – hosted by Statistics Sweden
- Øresund Science Region – cross-border collaboration between business, universities and the public sector
- Øresundsuniversitetet – a consortium of twelve universities and university colleges on both sides of the Sound
- Oresund Innovation: High-Tech Regional Development Guide – developed by Øresund Science Region / Øresund University
- Oresund Network – the official information- and marketing organisation of the Øresund Region
- Oresunddirekt.com – public service information from the Swedish and Danish authorities
- Øresundsbro Konsortsiet – the official Web site of the Øresund Bridge
- Oresund News – newsletter in Swedish and Danish
- Förening Øresund – a non-profit NGO
- Øresund Trends – An official public information site with up-to-date information on the region, available in English