Üsküdar
Üsküdar | |
---|---|
Istanbul | |
Government | |
• Mayor | Sinem Dedetaş (CHP) |
Area | 35 km2 (14 sq mi) |
Population (2022)[1] | 524,452 |
• Density | 15,000/km2 (39,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Area code | 0216 |
Website | www |
Üsküdar (Turkish pronunciation:
Üsküdar is a major transport hub, with ferries to Eminönü, Karaköy, Kabataş, Beşiktaş and some of the Bosphorus suburbs. Üsküdar is a stop on the Marmaray rail service at the point where it starts its journey under the Bosphorus, re-emerging on the European side at Sirkeci. Via Marmaray, Üsküdar is linked to Gebze on the Asian side of the city and Halkali on the European side. Üsküdar is also a stop on the M5 Metro line to Çekmeköy. Buses run along the Bosphorus shore all the way up north to Anadaolu Kavağı in Beykoz district. A bus service also operates to the summer town of Şile on the Black Sea.
Üsküdar started as Chrysopolis (Greek: Χρυσόπολις, 'Golden City') and later became known as Scutari (Skoutàrion, Σκουτάριον in Greek), a name it retained until the founding of the Turkish Republic. Scutari was also used for the Albanian city Shkodër, which has a different etymology.
Etymology
Üsküdar was originally called Skoutarion (
History
Chrysopolis
Üsküdar was founded in the 7th century BC by
Skoutarion, Scutari
In the 12th century, the city changed its name to Skoutarion (
Üsküdar today
The district of Üsküdar is one of Istanbul's oldest-established residential areas. It is directly opposite the old city of Eminönü and transport across the Bosphorus is easy by boat or bridge. So there are well-established communities here, many retired people, and many residents commute to the European side for work or school (being cheap and central Üsküdar has a large student population). During the rush-hour, the waterfront is bustling with people running from ferryboats and motorboats onto buses and minibuses. The Çamlıca Hill is a popular picnic spot for many Istanbul residents.
The central square is the center of Üsküdar with departing ferries and a Marmaray station adding to the importance of the square. The area behind the ferry dock is a busy shopping district, with many restaurants (including the well-known Kanaat Lokantası serving Ottoman cuisine, olive oil-based dishes, and ice cream) and a number of important Ottoman mosques (see section below). However, there are relatively few cafes, cinemas, billiard halls, and places for youth to congregate.[citation needed] The private Üsküdar University, founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation, has a campus here. Uskudar has two public libraries: Şemsi Pasha Mosque Public Library (built in 1953) and Selimiye Public Library.
Neighborhoods
Üsküdar is a municipality within borders of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (
- Acıbadem
- Ahmediye
- Altunizade
- Aziz Mahmut Hüdayi
- Bahçelievler
- Barbaros
- Beylerbeyi
- Bulgurlu
- Burhaniye
- Çengelköy
- Cumhuriyet
- Ferah
- Güzeltepe
- İcadiye
- Kandilli
- Kirazlıtepe
- Kısıklı
- Küçük Çamlıca
- Küçüksu
- Kuleli
- Küplüce
- Kuzguncuk
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy
- Mimar Sinan
- Muratreis
- Salacak
- Selami Ali
- Selimiye
- Sultantepe
- Ünalan
- Valide-İ Atik
- Yavuztürk
- Zeynep Kamil
The boundaries and names of the official neighborhoods change from time to time and sometimes do not correspond to historically recognized neighborhoods or to residents' own perceptions. The most prominent neighborhood is Üsküdar's historic center (merkez), centered on the ferry docks and roughly corresponding to the current Mimar Sinan neighborhood (former Selmanağa, Tembel Hacı Mehmet, and İnkılap neighborhoods). This area includes large historic mosques, many businesses and markets, and is a transportation hub. Other prominent neighborhoods include the former villages on the Bosphorus to the north of the historic center, Kuzguncuk, Beylerbeyi, Çengelköy, Kuleli, Vaniköy (now part of Kandilli), and Kandilli; the neighborhoods along the Bosphorus shore south of the historic center,
Salacak
Üsküdar's long promenade along the coast from the center down in southern direction towards the bus station at
Doğancılar
A neighborhood on the hill above Salacak, with plenty of trees between the buildings and a small park. There is a wide avenue winding uphill from Üsküdar, which has plenty of shops and cafes, and also a theater (the Musahipzade Celal Sahnesi), the fire station, the former women's prison (Paşakapısı Prison), Burhan Felek High School and Doğancılar mosque (opposite the park).
Bağlarbaşı and Altunizade
Formerly orchards and fruit-gardens (bağ), it became a residential neighborhood in the 19th century, home to the typical Istanbul urban mix of Greeks, Jews, Turks, and Armenians.[citation needed] The neighborhood still has an Armenian school and the Armenian church of Surp Garabed, built in 1844. Until the 1990s the area remained a middle-class residential neighborhood,[citation needed] and today is still an attractive district with a mixture of housing and office/commercial property. A number of properties have been converted to office and business use. Altunizade is still an attractive residential neighborhood, home to the large and busy Capitol shopping and entertainment center. Altunizade was established in the early 19th century by Altunizade İsmail Zühtü Pasha. He also commissioned Altunizade Mosque, which was built in 1866. There are a number of well-known schools within the district including Üsküdar American Academy, one of the oldest established schools in the city, Üsküdar High School, a state school, Haydarpasha High School, Marmara University's faculty of theology; and Burhan Felek sports complex.
Selamsız
Selamsız is an old residential neighborhood, home to a Roma community and Roma culture.[citation needed]
Acıbadem
The top half of the attractive district
Paşalimanı
Just past Üsküdar the coastline is called Paşalimanı. Liman means "port" in Turkish (from Greek limàni, λιμάνι) and boats would moor here. A large stone building on the shore, built as a tobacco warehouse by late-Ottoman architect Vedat Tek, has been completely renovated and now serves as headquarters of Ciner Grubu (Ciner Group), an industrial conglomerate. There is a small area of parkland right on the shore and the entrance to the large Fetih Paşa Korusu park is here.
Kuzguncuk
A Bosphorus village of streets with little shops, seaside cafes, and many old-fashioned wooden houses,
Beylerbeyi
Just beyond the
Çengelköy
Formerly a waterfront village, known for the cucumbers grown in gardens on the green hillsides behind. There are a number of very grand seaside villas (yalı). The village has a number of shops, bakeries and waterfront cafes offering gorgeous views of the Bosphorus that tend to be busy, especially at weekends. Since the mid-1990s new housing estates have been built on the hillsides and now there are always queues of traffic through Çengelköy. But the village retains some of its romantic charm. The word çengel means "hook" or "anchor" in Turkish, and köy means "village"; apparently there were blacksmiths or metalworkers in the village in Ottoman times.[citation needed] The highly prestigious Kuleli Military High School is on the Bosphorus just beyond Çengelköy. Most graduates from here go on to military academy and careers as army officers.
Çamlıca
This hill, known as Tchamlidja in 19th-century spelling, has the highest point in Istanbul and commands a panoramic view of the entire city. One of the most prestiged schools of Turkey, Bilfen College is located on the Çamlıca hill.
Climate
Üsküdar experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa/Cf) according to both Köppen and Trewartha climate classifications, with cool winters and warm to hot summers. Unlike most of southern Istanbul, Üsküdar is cooler than its surroundings, with an average temperature slightly below 14 °C (57 °F), and an AHS heat zone rating of 3.[15] However, its coastal location still does allow it to be classified as USDA hardiness zone 9a.[15]
Climate data for Kandilli, Istanbul
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
17.4 (63.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.7 (56.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 103 (4.1) |
83 (3.3) |
69 (2.7) |
45 (1.8) |
37 (1.5) |
36 (1.4) |
32 (1.3) |
39 (1.5) |
69 (2.7) |
96 (3.8) |
101 (4.0) |
128 (5.0) |
838 (33.1) |
Source: [16][17] |
Sights of Üsküdar
Though densely populated, Üsküdar has many areas of greenery, including the Çamlıca hills, the Bosphorus coastline, and various parks. In addition, the area has a high concentration of historic buildings and religious sites.
Parks
Mosques
Üsküdar is home to over 180 mosques,
Churches
Churches of Üsküdar include the İlya Profiti (Prophet Elijah) Greek Orthodox Church in Muratreis (present building built in 1831), the Kandilli Khristos Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi (built in 1810), the Surp Garabet (Saint John the Baptist) Armenian Church in Murat Reis (first church on the site, 1590; present building built 1888), the Surp Haç (Holy Cross) Armenian Church in Selami Ali (built 1676, rebuilt 1880), the Surp Krikor Lusavoriç (Saint Gregory the Illuminator) Armenian Church in Kuzguncuk (first built 1835, rebuilt 1861), and the Surp Yergodasan Arakelots (Twelve Apostoles) Armenian Church in Kandilli (built 1846).[20][21]
Synagogues
Synagogues of Üsküdar include Bet Yaakov (built 1878) and Bet Nissim (built in the 1840s).[22]
Other religious buildings
Important
Çeşmes and sebils
Other notable Ottoman features to be seen in Üsküdar are the many
Museums and palaces
The Florence Nightingale Museum inside the
Education
- Üsküdar American Academy (formerly American Academy for Girls)
- Tarabya British Schools has its Çengelköy campus there.[29]
- Üsküdar University
Twin municipalities
Notable residents
- Richard Guyon (1813–1856), British-born Hungarian soldier, general in the Hungarian revolutionary army
- Maximus the Confessor, Byzantine monk, theologian and scholar. He entered a monastery in Chrysopolis in the early 7th century.[33]
- Philippicus, Byzantine general, a monk in Chrysopolis between 602–610, buried in Chrysopolis[34]
- Sergius I of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople[35]
- Patriarch Pyrrhus of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople[36]
- Alexios Mosele, Byzantine aristocrat and general[37]
- Michael III, Byzantine emperor
- Florence Nightingale, English nurse, writer and statistician
- Turkish national anthem
- Halide Edib Adıvar, Turkish novelist and feminist political leader
- Xenophon Sideridis, Greek historian, writer and researcher
- Şeker Ahmed Pasha, Turkish painter
- Ottoman Dynasty
- Münir Ertegün, Turkish legal counsel in international law to the Ottoman Empire and diplomat of Turkey
- New York Cosmossoccer team.
- Nesuhi Ertegun, Turkish-American record producer and executive of Atlantic Records and WEA International
- Barış Manço, Turkish rock singer, composer and television producer
- Bülent Ersoy, transgender Turkish celebrity and singer of Ottoman classical music
- Özgü Namal, Turkish actress
- Billur Kalkavan
- Zara
- Semahat Özdenses (1913–2008), Turkish singer and composer of Ottoman classical music
- Hasan Çelebi, world-renown master Islamic calligrapher
- Kadir Mısıroğlu (1933–2019), Islamist writer and conspiracy theorist
- Armenianpoet and writer
- Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman and philanthropist, once the richest man in the world
- Garabet Yazmaciyan, Armenian painter
- Onnik Chifte-Saraf, Armenian writer
- Gabriel Noradunkyan, Ottoman Armenian politician
- Yeghishe Tourian, Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem and Constantinople
- Bedros Tourian, Armenian poet
- Hovhannes Hintliyan, Armenian pedagogue and educator
- Hrand Nazariantz, Armenian poet and writer
- Levon Shant, Armenian poet, writer and playwright
- Sirvart Kalpakyan Karamanuk, Armenian composer, pianist and teacher
- Schahan Berberian, Armenian philosopher, composer and pedagogue
- Srpuhi Kalfayan, Armenian nun and philanthropist
- Zabel Yesayan, Armenian poet, writer and teacher
- Naim Frashëri, Albanian poet, leader of National Albanian Awakening
References
- ^ TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Mosque and Street, Scutari, Constantinople, Turkey. World Digital Library. 1890–1900. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
- ^ ISBN 9781860642494. Retrieved 16 May 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b William Smith.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography — "Chryso'polis" 1854.
- ^ François Sabbathier (1772). Dictionnaire pour l'intelligence des auteurs classiques, grecs et latins: tants sacrés que profanes, contenant la géographie, l'histoire, la fable, et les antiquités. Vol. 11. p. 135.
- ^ Soner Yalçın. Efendi.
- ISBN 978-0-9747660-3-4. Retrieved 16 May 2018 – via Internet Archive.)
{{cite book}}
:|website=
ignored (help - ISBN 9780820335735.
- ISBN 9781524732233.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Çelebi, Evliya (2003). Seyahatname. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, p. 318.
- ^ Cypresses and Road Leading to the Cemetery, Scutari, Constantinople, Turkey. World Digital Library. 1890–1900. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
- ^ a b "Bitki Soğuğa ve Sıcağa Dayanıklılık". www.mgm.gov.tr. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
- ^ "Üsküdar - Weather History & Climate Data - Meteostat". meteostat.net. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- .
- ^ Uskudara Gideriken instrumental Rabab Music of Turkish Song, archived from the original on 6 March 2023, retrieved 12 June 2020[dead YouTube link]
- ^ "Üsküdar Müftülüğü". Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
- ^ Üsküdar Belediyesi. Kiliseler. "Üsküdar Belediyesi". Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2009
- ^ Tuğlacı, pages 121–129, 169–171, 194.
- ^ "Alan Adına Ait Varsayılan Sayfa". Musevicemaati.com. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ "AZİZ MAHMUD HÜDÂYÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ "NASÛHÎ TEKKESİ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ "ÖZBEKLER TEKKESİ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ "T.C. KÜLTÜR ve TURİZM BAKANLIĞI". Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
- ^ "Üsküdar Belediyesi Kurumsal Internet Portalı". Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 518.
- ^ "Contact Us". Tarabya British Schools. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ Komuna e Sarajit binjakëzim me komunën turke Uskudar Archived 4 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine, INA, 1 June 2012 (in Albanian)
- ^ "Brooklyn-Üsküdar: Istanbul and New York's iconic districts join forces". Dailysabah.com. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ "友好都市との交流" (in Japanese). 渋谷区. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-6987-5.
- ISBN 0-19-822945-3.
- ISBN 0-521-33089-0.
- ISBN 0-19-925864-3.
- ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7.
Bibliography
- Adım Adım İstanbul İnanç Atlası: Camiler, Türbeler, Ziyaret Yerleri, Mezarlıklar. Mapmedya. 2004. ISBN 975-6206-02-0.
- Hürel, Haldun (2008). Semtleri, Mahalleri, Caddeleri ve Sokakları A'dan Z'ye İstanbul'un Alfabetik Öyküsü. İkarus. ISBN 978-975-999-290-3.
- Kumbaracılar, İzzet (2008). İstanbul Sebilleri. Kapı. ISBN 978-9944-486-87-3. (First published 1938)
- Tuğlacı, Pars (1991). İstanbul Ermeni Kiliseleri = Armenian Churches of Istanbul = Istʻanpuli Hayotsʻ ekeghetsʻinerě. Pars. ISBN 975-7423-00-9.