Da Nang
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Da Nang
Đà Nẵng | ||
---|---|---|
Da Nang City Thành phố Đà Nẵng | ||
City viewed from the east bank of Dragon Bridge City view at night | ||
GRP (Nominal) 2019 [5] | | |
- Total | US$4.7 billion | |
- Per capita | US$4,095 | |
HDI (2020) | 0.779 (5th)[6] | |
Climate | Am | |
International airports | Da Nang International Airport | |
Website | www |
Da Nang or Danang[7][nb 1] ( /(ˌ)dɑː, də ˈnæŋ, ˈnɑːŋ/ dah, də NANG, NAHNG;[8] Vietnamese: Đà Nẵng, [ʔɗaː˨˩ naŋ˦ˀ˥] ⓘ) is a class-1 municipality and the fifth-largest city in Vietnam by municipal population.[9] It lies on the coast of the East Sea of Vietnam at the mouth of the Hàn River, and is one of Vietnam's most important port cities. As one of the country's five direct-controlled municipalities, it falls under the administration of the central government.
The city was known as Cửa Hàn during early
Da Nang is the commercial and educational center of
ruins.Da Nang has a Human Development Index of 0.779 (high), ranking fifth among all municipalities and provinces of Vietnam.[12]
Names and etymology
Da Nang | |
---|---|
Vietnamese name | |
Vietnamese alphabet | Đà Nẵng |
Chữ Hán | 沱㶞 |
Most of the names by which Da Nang has been known make reference to its position at the
Other Chamic sources, with similar definitions, have been proposed. Inrasara (aka Phú Trạm), a researcher specializing in Champa, suggests Da Nang is a variation of the Cham word daknan (lit. "the large water"); Sakaya (aka Văn Món), another Champa researcher, claims a connection with the Raglai word danang, meaning "river source".[15]
Another name given to Da Nang was Cửa Hàn (lit. "mouth of the Han [river]"). The name used by the French, Tourane, is said to derive from this name, by way of a rough transliteration.
Other names referring to Da Nang include:[13]
- Vũng Thùng, a colloquial name which survives in folklore.[nb 2]
- Trà Úc, Trà Áo, Trà Sơn and Đồng Long Loan, literary names used by Confucian scholars.
- In Chinese, Danang is known as Xiangang (峴港), this is derived from the old name 蜆港 ("Clam Harbor").
- In chữ Nôm, used until 1945, "Đà Nẵng" is written as 沱灢.
- Thái Phiên, a name used briefly after the 1945 August Revolution, commemorating Thái Phiên, the leader of popular revolts during the 1916 Duy Tân Resistance.
History
Ancient Vietnam
The city's origins date back to the ancient kingdom of
In the latter half of the 10th century, the kings of Indrapura came into conflict with the
The Đại Việt campaign against Champa continued into the late 11th century, when the Cham were forced to cede their three northern provinces to the rulers of the
Western contact
This section needs expansion with: information regarding the period 1890–1960. You can help by adding to it. (September 2012) |
One of the first Europeans to visit Da Nang was Portuguese explorer António de Faria, who anchored in Da Nang in 1535. Faria was one of the first Westerners to write about the area and, through his influence, Portuguese ships began to call regularly at Hội An, which was then a much more important port than Da Nang.[20] Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, French and Spanish traders and missionaries regularly made landfall at Hội An, just south of Đà Nẵng. An American, John White, arrived at Da Nang (then called Turon) on 18 June 1819 in the brig Franklin of Salem, Massachusetts, and was advised that the country was recovering from devastating wars, and that what little goods had been produced in the area was already allocated. Other American ships arriving shortly after were the Marmion of Boston, and the Aurora and Beverly of Salem.[21][22]
Conditions were such due to the wars that they were unable to conduct trade, and the subsequent missions of East India Company agent John Crawfurd in 1823[23] and the two missions of Andrew Jackson's agent, American diplomat Edmund Roberts, in 1833 and 1836 were unable to secure trade agreements due to the exceptionally poor quality of the port.[21]: pp.19–40 Following the edict of Emperor Minh Mạng in 1835, prohibiting European vessels from making landfall or pursuing trade except at Đà Nẵng, its port quickly superseded Hội An as the largest commercial port in the central region.[24]
French Indochina
In 1847, French vessels dispatched by
The French overpowered the Vietnamese stationed in Da Nang, swiftly occupying the city and Tiên Sa peninsula (present-day Sơn Trà peninsula). The occupying forces were quickly
Through two more decades of conflict, the French gradually strengthened their hold on Vietnam, culminating in the establishment of
.Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam)
During the Vietnam War, what is now the Da Nang International Airport was a major air base used by the South Vietnamese and United States Air Forces.
The base became one of the world's busiest aircraft hubs during the war,[27] reaching an average of 2,595 aircraft traffic operations daily, more than any other airport and airbase in the world at that time.[28] The final U.S. ground combat operations in Vietnam ceased on 13 August 1972, when a residual force of the 196th Light Infantry Brigade stood down in Đà Nẵng. B Battery 3rd Battalion, 82nd Field Artillery Regiment fired the final U.S. artillery round and the 3rd Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment finished their final patrols. This residual force was known as "Operation Gimlet". After the US withdrawal from the conflict, in the final stage of the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam, Da Nang fell to the communist forces March 29–30, 1975. Vietnam issued two special postage stamps to commemorate this event, within its "total liberation" stamp set issued 14 December 1976.
After 1975
Since the era of the construction of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Danang has become essentially the third city after Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi to be an important urban centre of the central region of Vietnam. Danang boasts numerous educational institutes as well as important sites of economy.[29]
Geography
Da Nang is the largest city in central Vietnam and one of the country's most important ports. The city is surrounded by mountains to the west, and the South China Sea to the east. Da Nang borders
Geology and topography
Geologically, Da Nang is at the edge of a Paleozoic fold belt known as the Truong Son Orogenic Zone, whose main deformation occurred during the early Carboniferous period.[31] Da Nang's topography is dominated by the steep Annamite mountain range to the north and north-west, which features peaks ranging from 700 to 1,500 m (2,300 to 4,900 ft) in height, and low-lying coastal plains with some salting to the south and east, with several white sand beaches along the coast.[30]
Climate
Da Nang has a tropical monsoon climate with two seasons: a typhoon and wet season from September to December and a dry season from January to August.[30] Temperatures have an annual average of around 26 °C (79 °F).[30] Cold waves can occasionally occur, although they are of short duration.[30] Temperatures are highest between June and August with mean temperatures of 28 to 30 °C (82 to 86 °F)), and lowest between December and February (mean temperature of 18 to 23 °C (64 to 73 °F)).[30] In Ba Na Hills, the temperatures are lower with an annual average of 20 °C (68 °F).[30] The annual average for humidity is 81%, with highs between October and January (reaching 84–86%) and lows between June and August (reaching 75–77%).[32]
On average, Da Nang receives 2,205 mm (86.8 in) of rainfall. Rainfall is typically highest between September and November (ranging from 550 to 1,000 mm (22 to 39 in)) and lowest between February and April (ranging from 23 to 40 mm (0.91 to 1.57 in)).[30] Da Nang receives an average of 2162 hours of sunlight annually, with highs between 234 and 277 hours per month in May and June and lows between 69 and 165 hours per month in November and December.[30]
Climate data for Da Nang | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 34.5 (94.1) |
37.0 (98.6) |
39.9 (103.8) |
40.4 (104.7) |
40.9 (105.6) |
40.4 (104.7) |
40.6 (105.1) |
40.2 (104.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
32.8 (91.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
40.9 (105.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.3 (91.9) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
33.9 (93.0) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
27.4 (81.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.9 (78.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
13.3 (55.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 81.9 (3.22) |
23.6 (0.93) |
25.0 (0.98) |
35.3 (1.39) |
81.1 (3.19) |
82.6 (3.25) |
92.5 (3.64) |
141.2 (5.56) |
350.7 (13.81) |
628.0 (24.72) |
448.2 (17.65) |
218.4 (8.60) |
2,205 (86.81) |
Average rainy days | 12.0 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 9.2 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 11.6 | 14.6 | 20.0 | 20.3 | 18.7 | 139.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
84.2 | 83.9 | 83.7 | 82.7 | 79.3 | 76.4 | 75.8 | 77.4 | 82.1 | 84.4 | 84.7 | 85.4 | 81.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 131.9 | 146.0 | 182.3 | 208.6 | 246.7 | 242.3 | 246.2 | 214.8 | 177.4 | 143.4 | 117.7 | 94.8 | 2,162.6 |
Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[33] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina [34] |
Demographics
Da Nang is the fifth-most populated city in Vietnam, with an area of 1,255.53 km2 (484.76 sq mi) and a population of 1,064,100 as the latest update in 2017.[35] Women make up 50.7% of Da Nang's population.[36]
- Population growth
Da Nang's population has been growing at rates of between 2.5% and 3% during most of the years between 2005 and 2011, significantly exceeding the national average of 1% to 1.2%.
Đà Nẵng's population is estimated to reach one million inhabitants by 2014.[38] Migration has been the dominant factor in the city's population growth at least since 2009, contributing 1.6% to 2.7% (2010) between 2009 and 2011.[37] Out-migration has been relatively high in 2011 at 0.79% compared to 0.34% and 0.55% in previous years, while the in-migration rate has been exceeding 2% since 2009 and was at 2.28% in 2011.[37]
Đà Nẵng's natural population growth is only slightly higher than the national average. Its crude birth rate was recorded at 18
- Urbanization
The city has the highest urbanization ratio among
Politics
The leading organ of the Communist Party in Da Nang City is the Executive Committee of the Communist Party. The current Secretary is Nguyen Van Quang.
The legislative branch of the city is the People's Council of Da Nang City. The current chairman is Luong Nguyen Minh Triet.
The executive branch of the city is the People's Committee of Da Nang City. The current chairman is Le Trung Chinh.
Administrative divisions
The city of Da Nang is officially divided into eight district-level sub-divisions, including six urban districts (
Before 1997, the city was part of Quang Nam–Da Nang Province. On 1 January 1997, Da Nang was separated from
District | Subdivisions | Area | Population (2018)[41] | Pop. density[41] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(km2) | (mile2) | (persons/km2) | (persons/mile2) | |||
Cam Le
|
6 wards | 33.3 | 12.9 | 143,632 | 2,054.74 | 5,321.8 |
Hai Chau
|
13 wards | 24.1 | 9.3 | 221,324 | 9,251.11 | 23,960.3 |
Hoa Vang
|
11 communes
|
737.5 | 284.8 | 201,070 | 151.14 | 391.5 |
Lien Chieu
|
5 wards | 83.1 | 32.1 | 170,153 | 1,144.54 | 2,964.3 |
Ngu Hanh Son
|
4 wards | 36.5 | 14.1 | 115,872 | 1,476.41 | 3,823.9 |
Son Tra
|
7 wards | 60.8 | 23.5 | 173,455 | 1,970.58 | 5,103.8 |
Thanh Khe
|
10 wards | 9.3 | 3.6 | 205,341 | 18,046.06 | 46,739.1 |
Hoàng Sa
|
— | 305 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 45 wards, 11 communes | 1,479.1 | 571.1 | 1,230,847 | 628.58 | 1,628.0 |
Economy
Da Nang is the leading industrial center of central Vietnam. Its GDP per capita was 19 million
Da Nang led the
Exports | million US$ (2007)[44] | Imports | million US$ (2007)[44] |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 469.6 | Total | 522.1 |
Textiles | 139.8 | Machinery, equipment | 237.2 |
Aquatic products | 75.2 | Materials for garments | 77 |
Handicraft products | 51.6 | Iron, steel | 41.6 |
Coffee | 47.6 | Medicaments | 24.9 |
Footwear | 17.7 | Chemical fertilizer | 22.5 |
Rice | 8 | Motorbikes | 0.45 |
Exports increased to US$575 million in 2008, but fell back to US$475 million in 2009.[43]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
Despite its status as a city, 37,800 people in Da Nang were employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing as of 2007, producing 45,000t of rice and 41,000t of fish.[44] However, employment in these sectors had a clear negative trend in the first decade of the 21st century.[44] Gross output has also been decreasing during the second half of the decade.[43] Given Da Nang's lack of agricultural land (9200ha as of 2007) and its location at the coast, fishing has been contributing more to the economy than agriculture, with a gross output more than twice that of agriculture.[44]
Industry
Da Nang is a diversified industrial center, including industries such as machinery, electrics, chemicals, shipbuilding, and textiles.
As of 2007, Da Nang industry was dominated by the state sector, which made up 57% of
Trade
Historically, Da Nang's main marketplace has been the Hàn Market (Vietnamese: Chợ Hàn), which is downtown near the west bank of the Hàn River, between Tran Phu and Bach Dang Streets. This market, much like Ben Thanh Market in Saigon, offers a wide variety of goods sold by many different vendors, such as clothing, silk, jewelry, flowers, foodstuffs such as dried fruit and fish, as well as coffee, tea and wine (including Vietnamese snake wine). [citation needed]
Property
Many new construction projects are underway in Da Nang, including several beachfront resorts such as the US$130 million Hyatt Regency Danang Resort & Spa, and the Beach Resort complex (including Ocean Villas and Marriott Hotel) in
Culture
Tourism
The tourism sector is a vital component of Da Nang's economy. Its status as a transportation hub for central Vietnam and its proximity to several
ruins fuels much of its tourist activity.Mỹ Sơn is an archaeological site dating back more than a thousand years, in
The Marble Mountains are rocky limestone outcrops jutting out of the beach just south of Da Nang. Paths lead to the top of the forested cliffs, providing views of Non Nuoc Beach and the South China Sea. The caves in the cliffs were originally inhabited by the Cham people. Later, the Nguyen dynasty built numerous pagodas among the caves. The Marble Mountains are home to various artisans producing sculpture and artwork at its base at Non Nuoc Village.
Non Nuoc Beach is a white sandy beach on the outskirts of Đà Nẵng that is renowned for its history as an R&R destination for American troops during the Vietnam War. Today, the beach, along with Mỹ Khê beach to the north, are home to expensive resorts, surfing, and entertainment facilities. Ba Na Hills is a mountain resort with a 5 km-long cable car system which carries guests up to Ba Na's peak at 1487m above sea level. Son Tra Mountain, just some miles away from the city centre with some wild streams and resorts along the seaside. [citation needed]
The central coastal city of Da Nang saw a significant growth in international tourist arrivals in 2017, according to the city's Department of Tourism. In 2017, about 6.6 million visitors came to Da Nang, up 19% over the previous year and 4.8% higher than its yearly target. The figure included 4.3 million domestic tourists, up 11.3% year-on-year.
The central city earned over VND19.4 trillion (US$853.96 million) in revenue, an increase of 20.6% from 2016. Statistics also show that the city witnessed an impressive increase in the number of visitors by air which stood at over 1.58 million, up 74.4% while by-car visitors via Thailand and Laos was estimated at 14,120.[50]
Cuisine
Central Vietnamese cuisine, particularly the cuisine of Da Nang, is well known through Vietnam, and growing in popularity internationally. Da Nang is famous for its flavorful dishes, such as Mì Quảng, Bún chả cá (fish ball noodle soup),Bánh tráng cuốn thịt heo( Dry pancake roll with pork), Banh xeo (Crispy pancake), Nem lui (Lemongrass Pork Skewers).[51]
Sport
Da Nang's football club,
Education
There are several universities located in Da Nang, with campuses in many locations throughout the city, as well as satellite campuses in surrounding regions.
- University of Da Nang, with a number of member colleges:
- Technology
- Technology and Education
- Economics
- Pedagogy
- Foreign Languages
- Information Technology
- Kon Tum campus
- English Language Institute[54]
- Da Nang University of Medical Technology,[55] Medicine and Pharmacy
- Da Nang University of Sport
- Duy Tan University, private university
- Dong A University,[56] private university
- Da Nang University of Architecture
- The American University of Vietnam (AUV), private university
The city has 17 high schools, of which
There is also a sizable presence of overseas education representatives in Da Nang. Campus France[57] is a French-government agency in Da Nang, which promotes the learning of the French language and supports students in the location of study opportunities in France. English Language Institute[54] is a learning center built by the University of Queensland, Australia, targeting English teaching in addition to serving as an IELTS testing provider. Singapore International School is an international school in Da Nang.
Infrastructure
Health
Da Nang has a number of hospitals, including:
- Da Nang Hospital
- C Hospital
- Da Nang Oncology Hospital
- Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children.
- Da Nang Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopaedics.
- Women's Hospital
- Dermatology and Venereology
- Traditional medicine
- Vinmec Da Nang International Hospital[58]
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is also known as "Da Nang lung" as many cases occurring during the Vietnam War were treated at a medical centre in Da Nang.[59]
Transportation
Đà Nẵng is at the end of the East–West Economic Corridor (EWEC), which stretches over Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Burma (Myanmar).
By air
Beginning 16 December 2011,
As of November 2015, Da Nang International airport has been undergoing extensive renovations.
By land
Da Nang is a major station along the
Several bridges cross the Han River and its tributaries in Da Nang, including the iconic
By sea
Da Nang's port system is the third largest in
Despite the fact that the port's infrastructure is not specifically designed to accommodate cruise ships, the number of large cruise ships docking at Da Nang Port has increased in recent years.[64] In the first two months of 2010 alone, 12 cruise ships docked in Da Nang, carrying 6,477 passengers.[65]
In recent years,[when?] cruise ships tend to dock at Chân Mây Port, which is located 50 km from Da Nang through the Hải Vân Tunnel.
International relations
Twin towns - sister cities
Cooperation and friendship
In addition to its twin towns, Da Nang cooperates with:[66]
- Attapeu, Laos
- Borås, Sweden
- Grodno Region, Belarus
- Hwaseong, South Korea
- Houston, United States
- Kolkata, India
- Košice, Slovakia[69]
- Macau, China
- Nantes, France
- Newcastle, Australia
- Nord Pas de Calais, France
- Queensland, Australia
- Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Sakai, Japan
- Salavan, Laos
- Salo, Finland
- Sekong, Laos
- Shandong Province, China
- South Australia, Australia
- Stuttgart, Germany
- Surat, India
- Walloon Region, Belgium
- Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
Friendship port
- Kawasaki, Japan
Notes
- ^ See also Danang Dragons
- ^ "Hearing the sudden gunfire, we know that the Western ships anchored at Vung Thung yesterday" ("Tai nghe súng nổ cái đùng, Tàu Tây đã lại Vũng Thùng hôm qua"). "Name of Danang through periods of time". Da Nang People's Committee. 3 January 2004. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
References
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- ^ "Phê duyệt và công bố kết quả thống kê diện tích đất đai năm 2022" [Approve and announce the results of land area statistics in 2022] (PDF). Table 4.3, Decision No. 3048/QĐ-BTNMT of 18 October 2023 (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam). – the data in the report are in hectares, rounded to integers
- ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
- ^ Also called Kinh people
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- ^ ]
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Captain White's Journal
. - ^ Nicholas Tarling (editor), The Cambridge History of south-east Asia: Vol. 2, The nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1992), p. 42; Google Books Archived 2016-06-03 at the Wayback Machine.
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- ^ a b "General Statistics Office Of Vietnam". www.gso.gov.vn. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
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- ^ Statistical Handbook of Vietnam 2014 Archived July 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, General Statistics Office Of Vietnam
- ^ The data of local administrative subdivisions till 31/12/2008 by Vietnam Statistics General Office Archived 2010-02-01 at the Wayback Machine.
- South China Sea disputefor more details.
- ^ a b Danang population Archived 2011-09-30 at the Wayback Machine. Danang People's Committee.
- ^ a b calculations based on General Statistics Office (2009): Socio-economical Statistical Data of 63 Provinces and Cities. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
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- ^ a b "English Language Institute, Da Nang". Archived from the original on 2016-01-09. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
- ^ "Medical School Website". Archived from the original on 2015-12-30. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
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- ^ "Tanger et Da Nang liées par un accord de jumelage" (in French). Le Matin. 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
- ^ "Relaciones Internacionales de los Municipios" (in Spanish). Pensamiento Libre. 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
- ^ "Partnerské mestá mesta Košice" (in Slovak). Košice. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
External links
- Đà Nẵng government portal
- Geographic data related to Da Nang at OpenStreetMap