Đại Việt–Khmer War
Đại Việt–Khmer War | |||||||
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Part of Khmer–Cham wars | |||||||
Map of Southeast Asia between the 1000–1100 | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Đại Việt (Lý dynasty) |
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Strength | |||||||
30,000 (1136)[1] |
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The Đại Việt–Khmer War were a series of wars and conflicts fought between the Kingdom of Đại Việt and the combined forces of Champa and the Khmer Empire between 1123 and 1150.
Background
At this time, Đại Việt was in a vulnerable position due to internal conflict and a series of wars with their neighbors. In 1127, the 12-years-old Crown Prince Lý Dương Hoán became the new ruler of Đại Việt.[2] Suryavarman II demanded Đại Việt to pay tribute for the Khmer Empire, but the Vietnamese refused to pay tribute to the Khmers. Suryavarman II decided to expand his territory northward into Vietnamese territory.[1]
The conflicts
The first attack was in 1128 when King
Aftermath
After a failed attempt to seize seaports in southern Đại Việt, Suryavarman turned to invade Champa in 1145 and sacked Vijaya, ending the reign of Jaya Indravarman III and destroying the temples at Mỹ Sơn.[4][5] Inscriptional evidence suggests that Suryavarman II died between 1145 AD and 1150 AD, possibly during a military campaign against Champa. He was succeeded by Dharanindravarman II, a cousin, son of the brother of the king's mother. A period of weak rule and feuding began.
The three provinces Dia Ly (Jriy), Bo Chinh (Traik), Malinh, which Champa had lost to the Dai Viet around 1069–1076, were probably returned to the Cham sphere of influence during 1131-1136, which was testified by both Chinese and Cham sources.[6][7]
References
- ^ a b c Kiernan 2017, pp. 162–163.
- ^ Kiernan 2017, pp. 161.
- ^ Kohn 2013, pp. 524.
- ^ Coèdes (1968). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. p. 160.
- ^ Maspero (2002). The Champa Kingdom. pp. 75–76.
- ^ Momorki 2011, p. 130.
- ^ Momorki 2011, p. 131.
Sources
- Coèdes, George (1968). Vella, Walter F. (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- Kiernan, Ben (2017), Việt Nam: A History from Earliest Times to the Present, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-516076-5.
- Kohn, George Childs (2013), Dictionary of Wars, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-95494-9.
- Maspero, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom. ISBN 978-974-7534-99-3.
- Momorki, Shiro (2011), ""Mandala Campa" Seen from Chinese Sources", in Lockhart, Bruce; Trần, Kỳ Phương (eds.), The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 120–137