İspir
İspir | |
|---|---|
District and municipality | |
 İspir castle and the historic citadel mosque. | |
 Map showing İspir District in Erzurum Province | |
  İspir Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°29′01″N 40°59′43″E / 40.48361°N 40.99528°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzurum |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ahmet Coşkun (MHP) |
| Area | 2,129 km2 (822 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 14,607 |
| • Density | 6.9/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 25900 |
| Area code | 0442 |
| Website | www |
İspir (
History
İspir is known from the 3rd millennium BC. [
The illustrious dynasty of the Bagrationi originated in the most ancient Georgian district – Speri (today İspir).[6] Through their farsighted, flexible policies, the Bagrationi achieved great influence from the sixth through eighth centuries. One of their branches moved out to Armenia, the other to Georgian Kingdom of Iberia, and both won for themselves the dominant position among the other rulers of Transcaucasia.[7] [clarification needed]
In the 4th-3rd centuries BC Sper was organized into a province of the
In the 7th century it passed to the
The town was occupied in 1916 by the Russians during World War I and the Armenian genocide, then was recaptured by the Turks in 1918.
Historic sights in the town are the citadel, a mosque and a church in the citadel (probably 13th century), the originally 13th century Çarsi mosque's building being a recent structure.[8] The Sultan Melik mosque and Madrasa built in the 13th century, the Madrasa of Kadizade Mehmet built in 1725/26, Kadizade was the Mufti of Erzurum from 1744 to 1759 and his father was the Qadi of Ispir.[8] There is also a tomb with a graveyard containing some Ottoman tombstones.[8]
Climate
The climate is described as Humid continental by Köppen, abbreviated as Dfa.[9]
| Climate data for İspir (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
16.7 (62.1) |
22.1 (71.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
17.6 (63.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.0 (1.10) |
30.43 (1.20) |
42.97 (1.69) |
54.84 (2.16) |
59.51 (2.34) |
37.65 (1.48) |
25.24 (0.99) |
15.9 (0.63) |
21.24 (0.84) |
42.4 (1.67) |
36.43 (1.43) |
33.4 (1.31) |
428.01 (16.85) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.6 | 6.0 | 7.7 | 9.7 | 10.3 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 75.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
69.2 | 65.7 | 59.4 | 57.8 | 58.1 | 53.5 | 49.4 | 49.4 | 51.2 | 60.2 | 64.8 | 71.5 | 59.1 |
| Source: NOAA[9] | |||||||||||||
Economy
As of 1920, coal was being produced in the area.[10]
Composition
There are 101
- Ahlatlı
- Akgüney
- Akpınar
- Akseki
- Aksu
- Aktaş
- Alacabük
- Araköy
- Ardıçlı
- Armutlu
- Aşağıfındıklı
- Aşağıözbağ
- Atürküten
- Avcıköy
- Bademli
- Bahçeli
- Başçeşme
- Başköy
- Başpınar
- Bostancı
- Bozan
- Çakmaklı
- Çamlıca
- Çamlıkaya
- Cankurtaran
- Çatakkaya
- Çayırbaşı
- Çayırözü
- Cibali
- Çiçekli
- Değirmendere
- Değirmenli
- Demirbilek
- Demirkaya
- Devedağı
- Duruköy
- Düzköy
- Elmalı
- Gaziler
- Geçitağzı
- Göçköy
- Gölyurt
- Gülhas
- Güllübağ
- Gündoğdu
- Güney
- Halilpaşa
- İkisu
- İncesu
- Irmakköy
- İyidere
- Karahan
- Karakale
- Karakamış
- Karakaya
- Karaseydi
- Karşıyaka
- Kavaklı
- Kaynakbaşı
- Kirazlı
- Kırık
- Kızılhasan
- Koçköy
- Köprüköy
- Kümetaş
- Leylekköy
- Madenköprübaşı
- Mescitli
- Meydanlı
- Moryayla
- Mülkköy
- Numanpaşa
- Ortaköy
- Ortaören
- Özlüce
- Öztoprak
- Petekli
- Pınarlı
- Sandıklı
- Şenköy
- Sırakonak
- Soğuksu
- Taşbaşı
- Taşlıca
- Tekpınar
- Tepecik
- Ulubel
- Ulutaş
- Üzümbağı
- Yağlı
- Yaylacık
- Yedigöl
- Yedigöze
- Yeşiltepe
- Yeşilyurt
- Yıldıztepe
- Yukarı
- Yukarıfındıklı
- Yukarıözbağ
- Yunusköy
- Zeyrek
References
- ^ TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1780230702.
- ^ a b T. A. Sinclair, "Eastern Turkey an Architectural and Archaeological Survey", Volume 2, 1989, p272
- Sper may not always be absolutely identical (cf. Tayk and Tao, Rapp [2003], p. 14).[full citation needed]
- ^ Berdzenishvili et al., История Грузии, p. 129, cited in: Suny (1994), p. 349[full citation needed]
- ^ ISBN 9780907132325.
- ^ a b "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — İspir". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
- ^ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 72.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.