İstiklal Avenue

Coordinates: 41°02′03.0″N 28°58′44.0″E / 41.034167°N 28.978889°E / 41.034167; 28.978889
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
İstiklal Avenue
Grand Avenue of Pera
Istanbul Province, Turkey
Coordinates41°02′03.0″N 28°58′44.0″E / 41.034167°N 28.978889°E / 41.034167; 28.978889

İstiklal Avenue (

romanized: Cadde-i Kebir; Greek: Μεγάλη Οδός του Πέραν, romanized: Megali Odos tou Peran; French: Grande Rue de Péra), in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district, is an 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street and one of the most famous avenues in Istanbul, Turkey. It acquired its modern name after the declaration of the Republic on 29 October 1923, İstiklal (Independence) commemorating Turkey's triumph in its War of Independence
.

The street starts at the northern end of

patisseries, chocolateries, restaurants and a steadily growing number of international chain stores, as well as a branch of Madame Tussauds
.

Galatasaray Square marks the middle of the avenue and is home to the oldest secondary school in Turkey: the Galatasaray High School (Galatasaray Lisesi), originally known as the Galata Sarayı Enderun-u Hümayunu (Galata Palace Imperial School). A monument, erected in 1973, commemorates the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Turkish Republic.

A nostalgic tram on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul.

The avenue forms a spine with narrow side streets running off it like a ribcage. Many historical and politically significant buildings can be found on or immediately adjacent to Istiklal Avenue. They include the

Greek Orthodox church of Hagia Triada; several academic institutions established by Austria, France, Germany and Italy in the 19th century; and the consulates (embassies until 1923 when these moved to the new capital of Ankara) of France, Greece, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain and Sweden (the consulate of the United Kingdom
is just off Istiklal Avenue on Meşrutiyet Street).

Çiçek Pasajı (Flower Passage), also known by its French name Cité de Péra, is one of the many historic buildings that adorn the avenue.
Pera Museum

At the southern end of the avenue, it is possible to board the

subway, which entered service in 1875 and carries passengers down to Karaköy.[citation needed] A photogenic red-and-cream tram runs along the street from Tünel to Taksim Square every 15 minutes.[citation needed
]

History

During the

Levantines. When 19th-century travelers referred to Constantinople (today Istanbul) as the Paris of the East, they were usually thinking of the Grande Rue de Péra and its cosmopolitan, half-European, half-Asian culture.[citation needed
]

On 6–7 September 1955 an

anti-Greek Istanbul pogrom resulted in many shops along the avenue being pillaged; its pavements were covered with broken glass, scattered clothing, smashed white goods, burned automobiles and other items that had belonged to the Greek owners of the wrecked shops.[1]

Between the 1950s and 1970s the side streets around the Emek Pasajı were home to Yeşilcam, Turkey's home-grown equivalent of Hollywood, a fact commemorated in the street name Yeşilcam Sokağı.[citation needed]

A view from İstiklal Avenue

The avenue fell from grace in the 1970s and 1980s as the old Istanbulite inhabitants moving elsewhere, and the side streets (then infamous for bars and night clubs with live music and shows, called pavyon in Turkish) were repopulated by migrants from rural Anatolia.

A view of Istiklal Avenue from the entrance of Galatasaray High School

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, a revival took place, spearheaded and executed by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Beyoğlu Municipality. Historic buildings were restored, the street was pedestrianised, and the old historic trams were reinstated, bringing back much of the avenue's old charm and popularity.

A view of İstiklal Avenue in 2023, with the current pavement pattern

İstiklal Avenue became the center for fine arts and leisure in Istanbul once again and real estate prices skyrocketed. Numerous new art galleries, bookstores, cafés, pubs, restaurants, shops and hotels were opened in and around the street, and venues around it became the host to many international art festivals, such as the annual

Istanbul Film Festival
.

Until the mid-2010s, İstiklal Avenue was also a popular venue for all sorts of parades, marches and gatherings, such as the Istanbul Pride and International Women's Day. However, after the Gezi Park protests of 2013, all such gatherings have been effectively banned, citing security reasons.

On 19 March 2016, an Islamic State suicide bombing on Istiklal Avenue killed five people.[2][3][4]

On 13 November 2022, a

insurgent having planted the bomb, in a sweep of 47 arrests.[6]

Notable buildings

Church of Sant'Antonio di Padova on İstiklal Avenue, designed by Turkish Levantine architect Giulio Mongeri
Casa Botter on İstiklal Avenue, designed by Raimondo D'Aronco
Religious buildings
Schools
Historic buildings and residences
Food and drink
  • Çiçek Pasajı (Cité de Péra), site of the Naum Theatre until 1870
  • Lebon Patisserie & Café, a defunct historic pastry shop and café
  • Markiz Pastanesi, a renowned historic pâtisserie and chocolaterie
  • Narmanlı Han, originally home to the Russian Embassy, later home to artist Aliye Berger, today houses cafés and restaurants
Diplomatic missions
  • Dutch Consulate
  • French Consulate
  • Greek Consulate
  • Russian Consulate
  • Swedish Consulate
Culture and arts

See also

  • Abdi İpekçi Avenue
  • Bağdat Avenue
  • List of upscale shopping districts

References

  1. ^ Binnaz Tugba Sasanlar. A Historical Panorama of an Istanbul Neighborhood: Cihangir from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 2000s Archived 2012-12-10 at the Wayback Machine Bogaziçi University. 2006
  2. ^ "Istanbul shopping area hit by suicide bomber". BBC. 19 March 2016.
  3. ^ "Istanbul explosion: Suicide bomber had ISIS links, says Turkey's interior minister". CNN. 20 March 2016. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  4. ^ "Istanbul explosion: At least five dead as tourist shopping area Istiklal Street hit by suicide bombing in Turkey". The Independent. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Turkey: Several killed and wounded after explosion hits Istanbul's busy Istiklal street". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  6. ^ "Woman Who Planted Bomb In Istanbul That Killed 6 People Arrested By Turkish Police".

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to İstiklal Caddesi.
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