Łańcut

Coordinates: 50°4′N 22°14′E / 50.067°N 22.233°E / 50.067; 22.233
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Łańcut
Łańcut Castle
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
37–100
Car platesRLA
Websitewww.lancut.pl

Łańcut (Polish:

capital of Łańcut County
.

History

Archeological investigations carried out in the region of Łańcut confirm the existence of human settlements from about 4000 years B.C.[2]

The first owner of the town was Otton (z Pilczy) Pilecki, who was given the Łańcut estate by the Polish king, Casimir III the Great, in 1349, as a reward for his service. At the same time, the king also granted Łańcut its city rights according to Magdeburg law.[2] In 1381 Łańcut was officially named a ‘town’ for the first time, by Otton Pilecki, in the foundation charter of the town. Łańcut remained under the ownership of the Pilecki family up to 1586.[2]

Drużyna coat of arms of the Lubomirski family above the main entrance to the castle

The city was then owned consecutively by aristocratic Polish families of Stadnicki,

Lubomirski, and Potocki.[2] Łańcut was purchased by Stanisław Lubomirski in 1629, at which time he secured the services of architect Matteo (Polish: ‘Maciej’) Trapola and the stuccoist Giovanni Battista Falconi, in order to build a fortified residence in the town, Łańcut Castle, completed in 1641 and reconstructed many times since. Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, fearing attack from the Swedes, further strengthened the fortifications. To perform these works he employed Tylman van Gameren, a Dutchman and one of the most prominent foreign architects to ever work in Poland.[3]

The castle is situated in the centre of the town and constructed in the style of a grand aristocratic palace-residence. It was last owned until 1944 by the

Izabella Lubomirska, who extended it and had the interiors remodelled. The palace is currently a museum particularly well known for its large collection of historic carriages. Since 1961, a well-known classical music festival is held there annually.[2]

In 1772, after the

Polish secret resistance movement, and the Austrian police conducted the first investigation against him.[5]

Lubomirski Castle with the orangery in the foreground in the 1810s

At the end of the 18th century,

Lubomirski family in Łańcut. Count Alfred Wojciech Potocki, a grandson and heir of the Duchess, started to run the Łańcut and Lwów Lubomirski estates in 1823.[6][7] He modernised the management of these properties. The distillery has changed ownership several times and now exists under the name of Polmos Łańcut. It is well known for producing flavoured and sweetened vodkas.[8]

Jews began to settle in Łańcut in the 16th century: the earliest mention of a settler is 1554. The landowner Stanisław Lubomirski employed a Jewish factor for his Łańcut estate in 1629. in 1707 the Council of Four Lands (the Polish Jewish parliament). met in Łańcut. A wooden synagogue burnt down in 1716 and new brick synagogue was commenced in 1726. The project was supported by the Lubomirski family and the synagogue, which still stands, was completed in 1761 (see below).[9] Local Jewish cemeteries are the resting place of the famous Rabbi Zvi Naftali Horowitz, the Grand Rabbi of Ropczyce and Rabbi Ahron Moshe Leifer, the Grand Rabbi of Żołynia.[10] Every year, followers of the Hasidic Judaism come to pray at their graves.

Within

interbellum.[11]

POW camp where 25,000 Polish soldiers were held in November 1939

During the German

Ulma family in the nearby village of Markowa.[17] In 1944 the Germans discovered the hideout and murdered the Polish family and two hidden Jewish families, 16 people in total, including children.[17] The town's architecture avoided significant damage during the war.[2]

The last owner of Łańcut, Alfred Antoni Potocki, (14 June 1886 – 30 March 1958), was one of the richest men in prewar Poland, accumulating a fantastic collection of art during his tenancy.[18][19][20] Shortly before the arrival of the Red Army in 1944, he loaded 11 railway carriages of a specially chartered train to Vienna, with his most valuable possessions (about 700 boxes of movable property) and fled to Liechtenstein. Most of these valuables were gradually sold off to finance a lavish lifestyle.[20]

The Music Festival in Łańcut has been an annual event since 1961. The Festival is a series of modern and classical music concerts performed by distinguished European soloists, ensembles and choirs.

Main sights

  • The Łańcut Castle, also called the Lubomirski and Potocki Palace. It was built in 1628–1641 by Stanisław Lubomirski, rebuilt in 1894–1903 in the style of French Neo-baroque. In the castle grounds there is a park with the little romantic castle, a coachhouse with a collection of carriages, a guest-house in the English style and other structures.[21] The castle complex is a Historic Monument of Poland.[22]
  • The Łańcut Synagogue, completed in 1761. German invaders in 1939 attempted to burn the synagogue down, but were prevented by Count Alfred Antoni Potocki.[23] Although plain on the exterior, the interior walls and ceiling are decorated with restorations of paintings and stuccowork from the 18th century and polychromies from the 19th – 20th centuries.[21]
  • The architectural complex of the ancient Church and the Dominican monastery (Rynek) rebuilt repeatedly, the oldest phase of the construction going back to the 15th century.[21]
  • The Parish Church of Saint Stanislaus (Farna Street) going back to the 15th century. Rebuilt in 1884–1900.[21]
  • Castle interior
    Castle interior
  • Orangery
    Orangery
  • Statue of Bacchus in the castle park
    Statue of
    Bacchus
    in the castle park
  • Synagogue
    Synagogue
  • Old Dominican monastery and church
    Old Dominican monastery and church
  • Parish Church
    Parish Church

Transport

Railway station

Łańcut is located on the main West-East European E40 Highway, which goes from Calais in France via Belgium, across Germany, Poland, Ukraine and on to Russia and Kazakhstan. Other Polish cities located by the E40 highway are Wrocław, Opole, Katowice, Kraków, Tarnów, Rzeszów and Przemyśl.

The nearest airport is

).

Łańcut has a railway station, located at Kolejowa Street 1. It is on the main line, Kraków Main station — Medyka. The line then continues on to Ukraine.

The bus station is located at the crossroads of Kościuszko Street and Sikorski Street.

Sports

The most notable sports club is

Sokół Łańcut [pl], which competes since 2022/2023 in the Polish Basketball League
, Poland's highest level league.

Town hall

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Łańcut is

twinned with:[24]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Population. Size and structure by territorial division" (PDF). Central Statistical Office. February 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Łańcut Official Website". © 2008 Urząd Miejski w Łańcucie, Plac Sobieskiego 18, 37–100 Łańcut. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  3. ^ Danuta Szmit-Zawierucha (July 2003). "Tylman van Gameren of Warsaw". Articles. Warsaw Voice.pl. Retrieved November 30, 2012. (in English)
  4. ^ a b Stanisław M. Brzozowski. "Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz". Internetowy Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  5. ^ Jurzak, Ryszard. "Genealogia dynastyczna". grocholski.pl.
  6. ^ Minakowski, Marek Jerzy. "Alfred Potocki z Podhajec h. Pilawa (Srebrna)". sejm-wielki.pl.
  7. ^ Cicohny (2010), pp. 8-9.
  8. ^ Mańko, Sławomir. "Ropczyce: The Chassidic Route", page 11. © Polish Jews Heritage 2008.
  9. ^ a b Joanna Kluz. "70 rocznica obrony Łańcuta - Wrzesień 1939 r." Oficjalna strona Urzędu Miasta Łańcuta (in Polish). Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  10. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 58–59.
  11. ^ a b Wardzyńska, p. 257
  12. ^ Gruszczyński, Włodzimierz (2011). Odwet i Jędrusie (in Polish). Zagnańsk. p. 21.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ Cichocki (2010), pp. 15-16.
  14. ^ Rejestr faktów represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludności żydowskiej w okresie II wojny światowej (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2014. pp. 329, 360, 405.
  15. ^ a b Alfred Kyc. "67. rocznica zamordowania Ulmów i ukrywanych przez nich Żydów". Nauka w Polsce (in Polish). Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  16. ^ Chmura, Barbara (2009). NR49 (PDF) (in Polish). Rzeszów: Nasz Dom Rzeszów.
  17. .
  18. ^ a b Tamże, s. 264–274.
  19. ^ a b c d "Łańcut Official Website – Information". © 2008 Urząd Miejski w Łańcucie, Plac Sobieskiego 18, 37–100 Łańcut. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  20. ^ Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 25 sierpnia 2005 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Łańcut - zespół zamkowo-parkowy", Dz. U. z 2005 r. Nr 167, poz. 1402
  21. ^ Cichocki (2010), p. 15.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Łańcut Official Website – Foreign contacts". © 2008 Urząd Miejski w Łańcucie, Plac Sobieskiego 18, 37–100 Łańcut. Retrieved 2008-10-25.

Bibliography

External links