Arkan

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Željko Ražnatović
)
For other uses, see Arkan (disambiguation).

Željko Ražnatović
Жељко Ражнатовић
Ražnatović and his "Tigers"
Member of the National Assembly
In office
25 January 1993 – 20 October 1993
PresidentZoran Lilić
Zoran Aranđelović
Personal details
Born(1952-04-17)17 April 1952
Gunshot wounds[1]
Resting placeBelgrade New Cemetery
NationalitySerbian
Political partyParty of Serbian Unity (1993–2000)
Spouses
Natalija Martinović
​
​
(div. 1994)​
​
​
(m. 1995)​
Children9, including Anastasija
RelativesVeljko Ražnatović (father)
NicknameArkan
Military service
Allegiance Serbia
 Serbian Krajina
 Republika Srpska
Years of service1991–1996
RankCommander
UnitYugoslav People's Army Serb Volunteer Guard
Battles/warsCroatian War of Independence
Bosnian War
Criminal information
Criminal charge
PenaltyNo (assassinated)

Željko Ražnatović (

mobster and head of the Serb paramilitary force called the Serb Volunteer Guard during the Yugoslav Wars
.

He was on Interpol's most wanted list in the 1970s and 1980s for robberies and murders committed in a number of countries across Europe, and was later indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia for crimes against humanity. Up until his assassination in January 2000, Ražnatović was the most powerful organized crime figure in the Balkans.

Early life

Željko Ražnatović was born in

clan
of Montenegro.

Infant Željko spent part of his childhood in Zagreb (SR Croatia) and Pančevo (SR Serbia), before his father's job eventually took the family to the Yugoslav capital of Belgrade (SR Serbia), which is considered his hometown.[3] He grew up with three older sisters in a strict, militaristic patriarchal household with regular physical abuse from his father. In a 1991 interview he recalled: "He didn't really hit me in a classical sense, he'd basically grab me and slam me against the floor."[4]

In his youth, Ražnatović aspired to become a pilot as his father had been. Due to the highly demanding and significant positions of his parents, there appeared to be very little time in which a bond was able to be established between parents and children. Ražnatović's parents eventually divorced during his teenage years.[3]

Teenaged Ražnatović was arrested for the first time in 1966 for snatching women's purses around Tašmajdan Park,[5] spending a year at a juvenile detention center not far from Belgrade. His father then sent him to the seaside town of Kotor (SR Montenegro) in order to join the Yugoslav Navy, but young Ražnatović had other plans (ending up in Paris at the age of fifteen). In 1969 he was arrested by French police and deported home, where he was sentenced to three years at the detention center in Valjevo for several burglaries. During this time he organized his own gang in the prison.[3]

In his youth, Ražnatović was a

Directorate for State Security (UDBA) and a close associate of President Josip Broz Tito. Whenever Ražnatović was in trouble, Dolanc helped him, allegedly as a reward for his services to the UDBA, as seen in the escape from the Lugano prison in 1981. Dolanc is quoted as having said: "One Arkan is worth more than the whole UDBA."[7]

Criminal career

Western Europe

In 1972, aged 20, Ražnatović migrated to Western Europe.

UDBA, and all of whom have since been assassinated or otherwise died. Ražnatović took the nickname "Arkan" from one of his forged passports. On 28 December 1973, he was arrested in Belgium following a bank robbery, and was sentenced to ten years in prison.[5]

Ražnatović managed to escape from the Verviers prison on 4 July 1979.[5] Although he was apprehended in the Netherlands on 24 October 1979, the few months he was free were enough for at least two more armed robberies in Sweden and three more in the Netherlands. Serving a seven-year sentence at a prison in Amsterdam, Ražnatović pulled off another escape on 8 May 1981 after someone slipped him a gun. Wasting no time, more robberies followed, this time in West Germany, where after less than a month of freedom he was arrested in Frankfurt on 5 June 1981 following a jewellery store stickup. In the ensuing shootout with police he was lightly wounded, resulting in his placement in the prison hospital ward. Looser security allowed Ražnatović to escape again only four days later, on 9 June, supposedly by jumping from the window, beating up the first passerby and stealing his clothing before disappearing.[5] His final European arrest occurred in Basel, Switzerland, during a routine traffic check on 15 February 1983. However, he managed to escape again within months, this time from Thorberg prison on 27 April.

It is widely speculated that Ražnatović was closely affiliated with the

UDBA throughout his criminal career abroad.[5] He had convictions or warrants in Belgium (bank robberies, prison escape), the Netherlands (armed robberies, prison escape), Sweden (twenty burglaries, seven bank robberies, prison escape, attempted murder[8]
), West Germany (armed robberies, prison escape), Austria, Switzerland (armed robberies, prison escape), and Italy.

Return to Yugoslavia

Ražnatović returned to Belgrade in May 1983, continuing his criminal career by managing a number of illegal activities. In November of that year, six months after his return, a bank in Zagreb was robbed with the thieves leaving a rose on the counter (allegedly Ražnatović's signature from his robberies in Western Europe).[5] Looking to question Ražnatović about his whereabouts during the robbery, two policemen, members of the Secretariat of Internal Affairs' (SUP) Tenth department from the Belgrade municipality of Palilula, showed up in civilian clothing at his mother's apartment on 27 March Street in Belgrade.[5] Ražnatović happened to not be home at the moment, so the policemen introduced themselves to his mother as "friends of her son looking to return a cash debt they owed him" and asked the woman if they could wait for him to return to the apartment. Ražnatović's mother phoned him to say that two unknown males waited for him.[5] Ražnatović showed up with a revolver and proceeded to shoot and wound both policemen. He was detained immediately; however, barely 48 hours later, he was released. The occurrence made it clear to all observers, especially his criminal rivals, that he enjoyed protection from the highest echelons of the Yugoslav state security establishment.

Ražnatović spent the mid-1980s running the Amadeus

Tašmajdan neighbourhood, the nightclub was reportedly another perk of their contractual work for the UDBA.[5]

Moreover, Ražnatović could be seen driving around Belgrade in a pink Cadillac and gambling on roulette in casinos all over the country, from Belgrade (Hotel "Slavija") and nearby Pančevo to Sveti Stefan (Hotel Maestral on the Miločer beach) and Portorož (Hotel Metropol).[5]

An avid gambler, following a private game of poker in an apartment at Ive Lole Ribara Street in Belgrade, Ražnatović got into an elevator altercation with a tenant from the apartment building, reportedly breaking the man's arm after beating him with a gun. Ražnatović could not avoid being charged this time and the trial saw a notable exchange between him and the judge; during the pre-session identification, Ražnatović stated he was an employee of the Secretariat of Internal Affairs (SUP). When this was challenged by the prosecutor, Ražnatović produced a document summarizing a mortgage loan he obtained from the UDBA for his house at Ljutice Bogdana Street. He ended up receiving a six-month sentence, which he served at the Belgrade Central Prison.[5]

Yugoslav Wars

Early

Only days after the

Dinamo Zagreb at Stadion Maksimir on 13 May, a match that ended in the infamous Dinamo–Red Star riot.[9] Ražnatović and the Delije, consisting of 1,500 people, were involved in a massive fight with the home team's football hooligans.[10]

On 11 October 1990, as the political situation in Yugoslavia became tense, Ražnatović created a paramilitary group named the Serb Volunteer Guard (SDG). Ražnatović was the supreme commander of the unit, which was primarily made up of members of the Delije and his personal friends.[11][12][13]

In late October 1990, Ražnatović traveled to

Dvor na Uni along with local Dušan Carić and Belgraders Dušan Bandić and Zoran Stevanović. Ražnatović's entourage was sent to Sisak and was charged with conspiracy to overthrow the newly formed Croatian state. Ražnatović was sentenced to twenty months in jail. He was released from Zagreb's Remetinec prison on 14 June 1991. It has been claimed that the Croatian and Serbian governments agreed on a DM1 million settlement for his release.[14]

In July 1991, Ražnatović stayed for some time at the

Cetinje monastery, with Metropolitan Amfilohije Radović. His group of men, fully armed, were allowed to enter the monastery, where they served as security.[15][16] Ražnatović's group traveled from Cetinje to the Siege of Dubrovnik. On his return from Dubrovnik, he was again a guest at Cetinje.[15]

War

The SDG (acronym for Srpska dobrovoljačka garda – lit. 'Serb[ian] volunteerly guard'), also known as "Arkan's Tigers", was organized as a paramilitary force supporting the Serb armies, set up in a former military facility in Erdut. The force, led by Ražnatović and Milorad Ulemek ("Legija"), consisted of a core of 200 men and perhaps totaled no more than 500 to 1,000, but was much feared by the public.[17] Under Arkan's command the SDG massacred hundreds of people in eastern Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[18] It saw action from mid-1991 until late 1995, and was supplied and equipped privately, by the reserves of the Serbian police force or through capturing enemy arms.

When the

Brčko
, mostly against Bosniak and Bosnian Croat paramilitary groups, including killings of civilians.

In late 1995, Ražnatović's troops fought in the area of Banja Luka, Sanski Most and Prijedor. In October 1995, he left Sanski Most as the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) reclaimed the city.[20]

Ražnatović personally led most of the operations, and rewarded his most efficient officers and soldiers with ranks, medals and eventually looted goods. Several younger soldiers were rewarded for their actions in and around

amid the international sanctions. In exchange, the Camorra acquired companies, enterprises, shops and farms in Serbia at optimal prices.[21]

Ražnatović has been accused of kidnapping Serb refugees who had fled to Serbia from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and forcing them into conscription.[22] After Operation Storm in Croatia resulted in the collapse of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) and exodus of Serb refugees fleeing to Serbia, the Serbian Interior Ministry rounded up over 5,000 refugees to conscript into the Serb Volunteer Guard (SDG).[23] Military-aged men were forcibly rounded up after arriving in Serbia by local police and then sent to detention camp in Erdut against their will and without informing their families.[24] Once in Erdut, the refugees' heads were shaved and all valuables were confiscated. The men were then subjected to days of physical and psychological torture from the SDG guards, which included extreme physical exercises, routine beatings, and often being subjected to humiliating acts.[25] Ražnatović had been giving speeches accusing the refugees of being cowards and traitors, blaming them for the loss of RSK.[25] Belgrade's Humanitarian Law Center has represented over 100 people suing the state of Serbia for forced mobilisation.[26]

Post-war fame

Ražnatović came to serve as a popular icon for both Serbs and their enemies. For some Serbs he was a patriot and folk hero, while serving as an object of hatred and fear to Croats and Bosniaks.

In the postwar period after the

Yugoslav league
championship.

According to

Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), considered prohibiting Obilić from participation in continental competitions because of its connections to Ražnatović. In response to this, Ražnatović stepped away from the position of president and gave his seat to his wife Svetlana. In a 2006 interview, Dragoslav Šekularac (who was coach of Obilić while Ražnatović was with the club) said claims that Ražnatović verbally and physically assaulted Obilić players were false.[28] Ražnatović was a chairman of the Yugoslav Kickboxing Association.[citation needed
]

Many of the former members of "Arkan Tigers" are prominent figures in Serbia, maintaining close ties between each other and with Russian nationalist organisations. Jugoslav Simić and Svetozar Pejović posed with Russian Night Wolves, Ceca (Arkan's widow) performed for Vladimir Putin during his visit in Serbia, Srđan Golubović is a popular trance performer known as "DJ Max" and was identified by Rolling Stone as the SDG soldier kicking dead bodies of a Bosniak family in Bijeljina on a photo from 1992.[29]

Kosovo War and NATO bombing

According to chief judge

Bosnian Muslim population, crimes against humanity and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions.[30] The warrant was not made public until 31 March 1999, a week after the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia had begun, as intervention in the Kosovo War (1998–99). Ražnatović's indictment was made public by the UN court's chief prosecutor Louise Arbour.[citation needed
]

In the week before the start of NATO bombing, as the Rambouillet talks collapsed, Ražnatović appeared at the Hyatt hotel in Belgrade, where most Western journalists were staying, and ordered all of them to leave Serbia.[31]

During the NATO bombing, Ražnatović denied the war crime charges against him in interviews he gave to foreign reporters. Ražnatović accused NATO of bombing civilians and creating refugees of all ethnicities, and stated that he would deploy his troops only in the case of a direct NATO ground invasion. After the

U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, which killed three journalists and led to a diplomatic row between the United States and the People's Republic of China, the British Observer and Danish Politiken newspapers claimed the building might have been targeted because the office of the Chinese military attaché was being used by Ražnatović to communicate and transmit messages to his paramilitary group, the Tigers, in Kosovo. As neither paper offered any proof for this claim it was largely ignored by the media.[32]

During an interview with Western journalists, while the three-month period of the NATO bombing was ongoing, Ražnatović showed a small rubber part of the F-117A downed by the Yugoslav army (one of only five NATO aircraft destroyed, on 38,000 sorties),[33] which he had taken as "a souvenir"; Yugoslav media falsely proclaimed that Ražnatović had downed the stealth fighter.[34]

ICTY indictment and proceedings

In March 1999, the Prosecutor of the

laws of war (Art. 3 ICTY Statute), for the following acts:[35]

Following Ražnatović's assassination in 2000, ICTY Prosecutor

Carla del Ponte said she was "confident, however, that other persons who shared responsibility with [him] for his crimes will ultimately be brought to justice."[36]

Assassination

Hotel Continental

Ražnatović was assassinated, on Saturday, 15 January 2000, 17:05

CZ99 pistol. Ražnatović was hit in his left eye and became unconscious on the spot.[39][40] His bodyguard Zvonko Mateović put him into a car, and rushed him to a hospital; he died on the way.[41]

According to his widow Svetlana, Ražnatović died in her arms as they were driving to the hospital. His companions Milenko Mandić, a business manager, and Dragan Garić, a police inspector, were also shot dead by Gavrić, who in turn was shot and wounded by Mateović. A female bystander was also seriously wounded in the shootout. After complicated surgery, Gavrić survived, but was disabled from the waist down and confined to a wheelchair.[42]

Ražnatović's grave

A memorial ceremony in Ražnatović's honour was held on 19 January 2000, with writer Branislav Crnčević, Yugoslav Left (JUL) official Aleksandar Vulin, singers Oliver Mandić, Toni Montano, and Zoran Kalezić, along with the entire first team of FK Obilić, including club director Dragoslav Šekularac, in attendance.[43]

Željko Ražnatović was buried at the

funeral rites on 20 January 2000. Around 10,000 people attended the funeral.[45][46]

Trials

Dobrosav Gavrić pleaded not guilty but was convicted and sentenced to 19 years in prison. His accomplices received from 3 to 15 years each, after a year-long trial in 2002. However, the district court verdict was overturned by the Supreme Court because of "lack of evidence and vagueness of the first trial process". A new trial was conducted in 2006, ending on 9 October 2006 with guilty verdicts upheld for Gavrić as well as his accomplices, Milan Đuričić and Dragan Nikolić. Gavrić was sentenced to 30 years in prison, as well as Milan Djurišić and Dragan Nikolić, for murder in complicity.[47]

Prior to carrying out his sentence, however, Gavrić obtained a passport from Bosnia and Herzegovina under the name Sasa Kovacevic and fled Serbia. In March 2011, he was driving a crime boss, Cyril Beeka, in Cape Town, South Africa when a gunman on a motorbike opened fire on them, killing Beeka and wounding Gavrić. Cocaine was found in the vehicle they were in, leading to Gavrić being fingerprinted and his true identity discovered. Since that time, he has been incarcerated in South Africa and fighting his extradition to Serbia where his 2006 sentence awaits him. As of February 2021, he is still fighting his extradition to Serbia in South African courts.[48]

Personal life

Željko Ražnatović fathered nine children by five different women.

Komercijalna Banka. After continually failing to meet his monthly payments, the bank wanted the loan paid off in full in August 2005, and two years later took him to court. In June 2010 he was ordered to pay RSD3.3 million based upon the interest on the original loan.[53] In the end, the verdict stated he owed the bank RSD2.9 million.[54]

In June 1994, sometime after her separation from Željko Ražnatović, Natalija Martinović and their four children left Serbia and moved to

will,[55][56] claiming that Svetlana Veličković, his second[citation needed] wife, doctored it. In May 2000, she sued Svetlana over Željko's assets, including the villa at Ljutice Bogdana Street in which he and Svetlana lived (and where Svetlana continues to reside), claiming it was built with funds from a bank loan Martinović and Ražnatović took out in 1985.[57] The court eventually ruled against Martinović.[58] The court agreed with her assertions that the villa was built with money from a 1985 bank loan taken out by her and Ražnatović, but ruled she had forfeited any rights in future division of that asset when she signed the property over to Ražnatović in 1994 before moving to Greece.[citation needed
]

In 2012, Željko Ražnatović's son (by his first wife) Vojin Martinović again accused Svetlana of falsifying his father's will.

better source needed] In response, Željko Ražnatović's former associate Borislav Pelević said that the villa at Ljutice Bogdana Street was not mentioned in the will as he had already signed it over to his second wife.[60]

Arkan and Ceca have a daughter and a son. Their daughter Anastasija Ražnatović sings on her mother's label, and publishes the songs on YouTube.[61]

In popular culture

  • History Channel's 2003 documentary Targeted includes a part on Željko Ražnatović, Baby Face Psycho.[62]
  • In the 2008 Serbian film The Tour, a group of Serbian actors go on a tour in war-torn Bosnia. Among other factions, they meet an unnamed paramilitary unit wearing insignia similar to those of the Serb Volunteer Guard. Unit's commander (played by Sergej Trifunović) is possibly based on Željko Ražnatović.[citation needed]
  • In the 2014 Serbian docu-drama series Dosije: Beogradski klanovi, one of the episodes tells the story of Željko Ražnatović.[citation needed]
  • Jormugand character Dragan Nikolaevich is based on Željko Ražnatović.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Arkan Dead". NPR.org.
  2. ^ Miloš Milikić Mido – Za naše nebo — Monografija prve klase letača Vazduhoplovnog učilišta 1945-1947. Belgrade 1995.
  3. ^ a b c "Internet Svedok - 916". Svedok.rs. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  4. ^ Dada Vujasinovic (8 April 1994). "Ratnik ogrezao u svetosavlju". duga. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Filip Svarm (14 January 2010). "Arkanova ostavština". Vreme.com.
  6. ^ Danas - Google Boeken. 18 December 2009. p. 56. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-954-477-115-7
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  8. ^ "Aftonbladet nyheter: Kriget om Kosovo". aftonbladet.se. 31 March 1999. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  9. ^ "VIDEO: Day When Maksimir Stadium Went up in Flames". Dalje.com. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  10. ^ "Football is War". Tol.org. 15 March 1999. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  11. ^ Ivan Čolović (2000). Football Hooligans, and War. Central European University Press.
  12. ISBN 9639116564
  13. ISBN 041565369X
  14. ^ "Hrvatska za Arkana dobila milion maraka". Glas-javnosti. Arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs. Retrieved 1 March 2014. (in Serbian)
  15. ^ a b "Zvijer iz bezdana". e-novine.com. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Kozaci ne obezbeđuju manastir". Blic.rs. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  17. ^ Vasic, "Yugoslav Army" p. 134; UN experts Final Report par. 92, 139
  18. ISBN 0143037757
  19. ^ "Vreme News Digest Agency No 108". Scc.rutgers.edu. 18 October 1993. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  20. ^ "U spomen na ubijene Sanjane". Angelfire.com. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  21. ^ Giuseppe Genna (13 July 2003). "Roberto Saviano. "Scampia-Erzegovina"". Giugenna.com. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  22. ^ Grihovic, Marina (October 2001). "Serbia: Refugee conscripts fight for justice". Relief Web. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  23. ^ "Forcible mobilisation in Serbia". Rat u Srbiji. 7 April 2020.
  24. ^ "Serbia Sent Refugees from Croatia, Bosnia to Frontlines: Report". Detektor. BIRN. 13 November 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  25. ^ a b "Dossier: Forcible Mobilisation of Refugees" (PDF). Humanitarian Law Center. 2019.
  26. ^ Stojanovic, Milica (13 November 2019). "Serbia Sent Refugees from Croatia, Bosnia to Frontlines: Report". Balkan Insight. BIRN. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  27. ISBN 978-0-06-621234-0
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  28. Urban Book Circle (1 May 2006). "Get out of here, I am Šekularac"
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  29. ^ "The DJ and the War Crimes — Rolling Stone". investigation.rollingstone.com. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  30. ^ Arbour, Louise (Prosecutor) (23 September 1997). "Tribunal against Željko Ražnatović also known as "Arkan" - INDICTMENT". The Hague: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Archived from the original on 5 December 2004. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  31. ^ Karon, Tony (25 March 1999). "Serbs Unplug CNN". Time. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  32. ^ "Morning Briefing". NATO Press Office. 8 May 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  33. ISBN 0-8330-3050-7
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  34. ^ "MOGU DA POLOMIM F-117A: Evo kako je ARKAN uništio ponos Amerike i "nevidljivi" bombarder!" [I CAN BREAK THE F-117A: Here's how the ARCAN destroyed America's pride and the "invisible" bomber!]. Telegraf (in Bosnian). 27 March 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
  35. ^ a b "Ražnatović: Initial Indictment" (PDF). Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  36. ^ "Statement by Madame Carla Del Ponte Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia following Reports of the Death of "Arkan". | International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia". www.icty.org. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. 17 January 2000. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  37. ^ "BELGRADE: WARLORD ARKAN SHOT & KILLED | AP Archive". www.aparchive.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  38. ^ "Three Serbs Arrested in Slaying of Arkan". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  39. ^ "Breaking, World, Business, Sports, Entertainment and Video News". Archives.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
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  42. ISSN 0362-4331
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  45. ^ "Warlord, Now a Serbian Patriot, Is Buried". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  46. ^ "Arkan buried: 'Tigers' militia salute Serb warlord". the Guardian. 21 January 2000. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
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  48. ^ Dolley, Caryn (10 February 2021). "UNDERWORLD SAGA: A jailed Serbian assassin's 10-year battle against extradition from SA – and his failed bids for freedom". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  49. ^ Tomislav Nikolić. "Ameri - Kurir". Kurir-info.rs. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  50. ^ "De skulle avrätta Srebrenica-fångar". Expressen.se. 11 July 2005. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
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  52. ^ "Stara arhiva". Blic.rs. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  53. ^ "Stari ALO! - Sud jurio Arkanovog sina u Cecinoj vili!". Alo.rs. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  54. ^ "Arkanov sin mora da vrati tri miliona dinara!". Alo.rs. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  55. ^ "Glas-javnosti (30 November 2000), a". Arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  56. ^ "Glas-javnosti (2 December 2000)". Arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  57. ^ "Glas-javnosti (30 November 2000), b". Arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  58. ^ "Portret savremenika - Svetlana Ceca Raznatovic: Zitije sa pevanjem i pucanjem". Vreme.com. 18 May 2005. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  59. ^ "Stari ALO! - Ceca je lažirala Arkanov testament!". Alo.rs. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  60. ^ "Cecine vile nema u Arkanovom testamentu!". Vesti-online.com. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  61. ^ "Anastasija za tri godine zaradila 500.000 evra - za 7 pesama inkasirala bogatstvo". 12 October 2021.
  62. OCLC 54754817
    .

Biographies

Interviews

  • Interview with Jim Laurie, 23 December 1991. Video on
    YouTube
  • Interview with local Bosnian Serb TV after takeover of Bijeljina, 1992. Video on
    YouTube
    (in Serbian)
  • Interview with RTV BK, 20 July 1997. Video on
    YouTube
    (in Serbian)
  • Interview with BBC, 1999. Video on
    YouTube
    (in German and Serbian)
  • Interview with ABC, 6 April 1999.
  • Interview with British reporter John Simpson, March 1999. Video on
    YouTube
  • Interview during NATO bombings, 1999. Video on
    YouTube
    (in Serbian)
  • Interview with
    YouTube
    (in Serbian)

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Željko Ražnatović.
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