.NET Framework version history
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Microsoft started development on the
Since the first version, Microsoft has released nine more upgrades for .NET Framework, seven of which have been released along with a new version of Visual Studio. Two of these upgrades, .NET Framework 2.0 and 4.0, have upgraded Common Language Runtime (CLR). New versions of .NET Framework replace older versions when the CLR version is the same.
The .NET Framework family also includes two versions for
.NET Framework 4.8 was announced as the last major version of .NET Framework, with future work going into the rewritten and cross-platform .NET Core platform (later, simply .NET), which shipped as .NET 5 in November 2020.[2][3] However, .NET Framework 4.8.1 was released in August 2022.[4]
Overview
Version | CLR | Release date |
Support ended[9][10] |
Visual Studio | Included in | Can be installed on | Replaces | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows | Windows Server | Windows | Windows Server | ||||||
1.0 | 1.0 | 2002-01-15[11][12] | Visual Studio .NET (2002) | — | — | NT 4.0 SP6a, 98, 98SE, Me, 2000, XP | NT 4.0 SP6a, 2000, 2003 | — | |
1.0 SP1 | ↑ | 2002-03-19[13] | — | — | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
1.0 SP2 | ↑ | 2002-08-07[14] | XP SP1[a] | — | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
1.0 SP3 | ↑ | 2004-08-30[15] | 2009-07-14 | — | — | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
1.1 | 1.1 | 2003-04-09[16] | Visual Studio .NET 2003 | — | 2003 (x86) | NT 4.0 SP6a, 98, 98SE, Me, 2000, XP, Vista | NT 4.0 SP6a, 2000, 2003 (x64), 2008 | 1.0[17] | |
1.1 SP1 | ↑ | 2004-08-30[15] | 2013-10-08 | XP SP2, SP3[b] | 2003 SP1, SP2 (x86) | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
2.0 | 2.0 | 2005-10-27[18] | Visual Studio 2005 | — | 2003 R2 | 98, 98SE, Me, 2000 SP3, XP SP2 | 2000 SP3, 2003 | — | |
2.0 SP1 | ↑ | 2007-11-19[19] | — | 2008 | 2000 SP4, XP SP2 | 2000 SP4, 2003 SP1 | ↑ | ||
2.0 SP2 | ↑ | 2008-08-11[20] | 2011-07-12 | — | 2008 SP2, 2008 R2 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
3.0 | 2.0 | 2006-11-06[21] | Visual Studio 2008 | Vista | — | XP SP2 | 2003 SP1 | 2.0 | |
3.0 SP1 | ↑ | 2007-11-19[19] | Vista SP1 | 2008[c] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
3.0 SP2 | ↑ | 2008-08-11[20] | 2011-07-12 | Vista SP2 | 2008 SP2,[c] 2008 R2[c] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
3.5 | 2.0 | 2007-11-19[19] | Visual Studio 2008 | — | — | XP SP2, Vista | 2003 SP1, 2008 | 2.0, 3.0 | |
3.5 SP1 | ↑ | 2008-08-11[20] | 2029-01-09[d] | Visual Studio 2008 SP1 | 7, 8,[c] 8.1,[c] 10,[c] 11[c] | 2008 R2,[c] 2012,[c] 2012 R2,[c] v1709-v20H2,[c] 2016-2022,[c] v23H2,[c] 2025[c] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
4.0 | 4 | 2010-04-12[22] | 2016-01-12 | Visual Studio 2010 | — | — | XP SP3, Vista SP1, 7 | 2003 SP2, 2008, 2008 R2 | — |
4.5 | 4 | 2012-08-15[23] | 2016-01-12 | Visual Studio 2012 | 8 | 2012 | Vista SP2, 7 SP1 | 2008 SP2, 2008 R2 SP1 | 4.0 |
4.5.1 | 4 | 2013-10-17[24] | 2016-01-12 | Visual Studio 2013 | 8.1 | 2012 R2 | Vista SP2, 7 SP1, 8 | 2008 SP2, 2008 R2 SP1, 2012 | 4.0, 4.5 |
4.5.2 | 4 | 2014-05-05[25] | 2022-04-26 | Visual Studio 2015 | — | — | Vista SP2, 7 SP1, 8, 8.1 | 2008 SP2, 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 | 4.0-4.5.1 |
4.6 | 4 | 2015-07-20[26] | 2022-04-26 | Visual Studio 2015 | 10 v1507 | — | Vista SP2, 7 SP1, 8, 8.1 Update | 2008 SP2, 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 Update | 4.0-4.5.2 |
4.6.1 | 4 | 2015-11-30[27] | 2022-04-26 | Visual Studio 2015 Update 1 | 10 v1511 | — | 7 SP1, 8, 8.1 Update, 10 v1507 | 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 Update | 4.0-4.6 |
4.6.2 | 4 | 2016-08-02[28] | 2027-01-12 | Visual Studio 2017 15.0 | 10 v1607 | 2016 | 7 SP1, 8.1 Update, 10 v1507-v1511 | 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 Update | 4.0-4.6.1 |
4.7 | 4 | 2017-04-05[29] | Same as parent OS |
Visual Studio 2017 15.1 | 10 v1703 | — | 7 SP1, 8.1 Update, 10 v1607 | 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 Update, 2016 | 4.0-4.6.2 |
4.7.1 | 4 | 2017-10-17[30] | Visual Studio 2017 15.5 | 10 v1709 | v1709 | 7 SP1, 8.1 Update, 10 v1607-v1703 | 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 Update, 2016 | 4.0-4.7 | |
4.7.2 | 4 | 2018-04-30[31] | Visual Studio 2017 15.8 | 10 v1803-v1809 | v1803-v1809, 2019 | 7 SP1, 8.1 Update, 10 v1607-v1709 | 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 Update, 2016, v1709 | 4.0-4.7.1 | |
4.8 | 4 | 2019-04-18[32] | Visual Studio 2019 16.3 | 10 v1903-v22H2, 11 v21H2 | v1903-v20H2, 2022 | 7 SP1, 8.1 Update, 10 v1607-v1809 | 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2012 R2 Update, 2016, v1803-v1809, 2019 | 4.0-4.7.2 | |
4.8.1 | 4 | 2022-08-09[33] | Visual Studio 2022 17.3 | 11 v22H2-v24H2 | v23H2, 2025 | 10 v20H2-v22H2, 11 v21H2 | 2022 | 4.0-4.8 |
Notes:
- a.Windows XP Tablet PC Edition. Installation CDs for the Home edition and the Professional edition of Windows XP SP1, SP2 or SP3 come with .NET Framework 1.0 installation packages.[7]
- b.^ Installation CDs for the Home edition and the Professional edition of Windows XP SP2 and SP3 come with .NET Framework 1.1 installation packages.[7]
- c.^ .NET Framework is not automatically installed with this operating system. It must be installed either from a Windows installation media or from the Internet on demand. Control Panel or Server Manager always attempts the latter.[34]
- d.^ This date applies only when running on Windows 10 version 1809, Windows Server 2019 or later. On older versions of Windows, .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1 adopts the lifecycle of the underlying Windows operating system.[10]
.NET Framework 1.0
The first version of the .NET Framework was released on 15 January 2002 for
On 19 June 2001, the tenth anniversary of the release of Visual Basic, .NET Framework 1.0 Beta 2 was released.[35]
.NET Framework 1.0 is supported on
Service Pack 1
The .NET Framework 1.0 Service Pack 1 was released on 19 March 2002.[37]
Service Pack 2
.NET Framework 1.0 Service Pack 2 was released on 7 August 2002.[38]
Service Pack 3
.NET Framework 1.0 Service Pack 3 was released on 30 August 2004.[39]
.NET Framework 1.1
Version 1.1 is the first minor .NET Framework upgrade. It is available on its own as a
Changes in 1.1 include:[41]
- Built-in support for mobile ASP.NET controls, which was previously available as an add-on
- Enables Windows Forms assemblies to execute in a semi-trusted manner from the Internet
- Enables Code Access Security in ASP.NET applications
- Built-in support for ODBC and Oracle Database, which was previously available as an add-on
- .NET Compact Framework, a version of the .NET Framework for small devices
- Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support
.NET Framework 1.1 is supported on
Service Pack 1
The .NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1 was released on 30 August 2004.[43] It requires Windows NT 4.0 SP6a plus Windows Installer 2.0. It is the last version to support Windows NT 4.0 SP6a, Windows 2000 RTM-SP2 and Windows XP RTM-SP1.
.NET Framework 2.0
Version 2.0 was released on 27 October 2005. It was also released along with
Changes in 2.0 include:
- Full x64 and the IA-64hardware platforms
- stored proceduresand triggers in any of the .NET-compatible languages
- A new hosting API for native applications wishing to host an instance of the .NET runtime: The new API gives a fine grain control on the behavior of the runtime with regards to multithreading, memory allocation and assembly loading. It was initially developed to efficiently host the runtime in Microsoft SQL Server, which implements its own scheduler and memory manager.
- New personalization features for ASP.NET, such as support for themes, skins, master pages and webparts
- .NET Micro Framework, a version of the .NET Framework related to the Smart Personal Objects Technology initiative
- Membership provider
- Partial classes
- Nullable types
- Anonymous methods
- Iterators
- Data tables
- Common Language Runtime (CLR) 2.0
- Language support for generics built directly into the .NET CLR
.NET Framework 2.0 is supported on
Service Pack 1
The .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 1 was released on 19 November 2007.[46] It requires Windows 2000 with SP4.
Service Pack 2
The .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 2 was released on 11 August 2008.[47] It requires Windows 2000 with SP4 plus KB835732 or KB891861 update, Windows XP with SP2 plus Windows Installer 3.1. It is the last version to support Windows 2000 SP4 although there have been some unofficial workarounds to use a subset of the functionality from Version 3.5 in Windows 2000.[48]
.NET Framework 3.0
.NET Framework 3.0, formerly called WinFX,[49] was released on 6 November 2006. It includes a new set of managed code APIs that are an integral part of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. It is also available for Windows XP SP2 and Windows Server 2003 as a download. There are no major architectural changes included with this release; .NET Framework 3.0 uses the same CLR as .NET Framework 2.0.[50] Unlike the previous major .NET releases there was no .NET Compact Framework release made as a counterpart of this version. Version 3.0 of the .NET Framework shipped with Windows Vista. It also shipped with Windows Server 2008 as an optional component (disabled by default).
.NET Framework 3.0 consists of four major new components:
- Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), formerly code-named Indigo: A service-oriented messaging system which allows programs to interoperate locally or remotely similar to web services
- Windows Workflow Foundation (WF): Allows building task automation and integrated transactions using workflows
- Windows CardSpace, formerly code-named InfoCard: A software component which securely stores a person's digital identities and provides a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging into a website
.NET Framework 3.0 is supported on Windows XP, Server 2003, Vista, Server 2008, and Server 2008 R2.[6] Applications utilizing .NET Framework 3.0 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 3.5 installed, which supports additional operating systems.
Service Pack 1
.NET Framework 3.0 Service Pack 1 was released on 19 November 2007.[52]
Service Pack 2
.NET Framework 3.0 Service Pack 2 was released on 11 August 2008.[53]
.NET Framework 3.5
Version 3.5 of the .NET Framework was released on 19 November 2007. As with .NET Framework 3.0, version 3.5 uses Common Language Runtime (CLR) 2.0, that is, the same version as .NET Framework version 2.0. In addition, .NET Framework 3.5 also installs .NET Framework 2.0 SP1 and 3.0 SP1 (with the later 3.5 SP1 instead installing 2.0 SP2 and 3.0 SP2), which adds some methods and properties to the BCL classes in version 2.0 which are required for version 3.5 features such as Language Integrated Query (LINQ). These changes do not affect applications written for version 2.0, however.[54]
As with previous versions, a new .NET Compact Framework 3.5 was released in tandem with this update in order to provide support for additional features on Windows Mobile and
The source code of the
.NET Framework 3.5 is supported on Windows XP (with Service Pack 2 or higher), Server 2003 (with Service Pack 1 or higher), Vista, Server 2008, 7, Server 2008 R2, 8, Server 2012, 8.1, Server 2012 R2, 10, and Server 2016.[6] Starting from Windows 8, .NET Framework 3.5 is an optional feature that can be turned on or off in control panel.
.NET Framework 3.5 is also available as a Windows Container image, allowing old applications that rely on .NET Framework 2.0–3.5 to run in a container environment.[56]
Service Pack 1
The .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1 was released on 11 August 2008. This release adds new functionality and provides performance improvements under certain conditions,
.NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Client Profile
For the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 there is also a new variant of the .NET Framework, called the ".NET Framework Client Profile", which at 28 MB is significantly smaller than the full framework and only installs components that are the most relevant to desktop applications.[58] However, the Client Profile amounts to this size only if using the online installer on Windows XP SP2 when no other .NET Frameworks are installed or using Windows Update. When using the off-line installer or any other OS, the download size is still 250 MB.[59]
.NET Framework 4.0
Key focuses for this release are:
- Task Parallel Library, which exposes parallel constructs via method calls,[62]are included.
- New optional parameters
- Support for Code Contracts[63]
- Inclusion of new types to work with arbitrary-precision arithmetic (System.Numerics.BigInteger)[64] and complex numbers (System.Numerics.Complex)[65]
- Introduced Common Language Runtime (CLR) 4.0
.NET Framework 4.0 is supported on Windows XP (with Service Pack 3), Windows Server 2003 (with Service Pack 2), Vista (with Service Pack 1 or higher), Server 2008, 7 and Server 2008 R2.[6] Applications utilizing .NET Framework 4.0 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 4.5 or 4.6 installed, which supports additional operating systems. Support for .NET Framework 4.0 ended on 12 April 2016 and is no longer providing technical support, bug fixes, or security fixes for .NET Framework 4.0 vulnerabilities which may be subsequently reported or discovered. It is the last version to support Windows XP SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP1, Windows Server 2008 RTM, Windows 7 RTM and Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM.
History
Microsoft announced the intention to ship .NET Framework 4 on 29 September 2008. The Public Beta was released on 20 May 2009.[66]
On 28 July 2009, a second release of the .NET Framework 4 beta was made available with experimental software transactional memory support.[67] This functionality is not available in the final version of the framework.
On 19 October 2009, Microsoft released Beta 2 of the .NET Framework 4.[68] At the same time, Microsoft announced the expected launch date for .NET Framework 4 as 22 March 2010.[68] This launch date was subsequently delayed to 12 April 2010.[69]
On 10 February 2010, a
On 12 April 2010, the final version of .NET Framework 4.0 was launched alongside the final release of
On 18 April 2011, version 4.0.1 was released supporting some customer-demanded fixes for Windows Workflow Foundation.[72][73] Its design-time component, which requires Visual Studio 2010 SP1, adds a workflow state machine designer.
On 27 October 2011, version 4.0.2 was released supporting some new features of Microsoft SQL Server.[74][75]
On 5 March 2012, version 4.0.3 was released.[76][77]
Windows Server AppFabric
After the release of the .NET Framework 4, Microsoft released a set of enhancements, named Windows Server AppFabric,[78] for application server capabilities in the form of AppFabric Hosting[79][80] and in-memory distributed caching support.
.NET Framework 4.5
.NET Framework 4.5 was released on 15 August 2012;[81] a set of new or improved features were added into this version.[82] NET Framework 4.5 is supported on Windows Vista or later.[83][84] The .NET Framework 4.5 uses Common Language Runtime 4.0, with some additional runtime features.[85]
.NET Framework 4.5 is supported on Windows Vista (with Service Pack 2), Server 2008 (with Service Pack 2), 7 (with Service Pack 1), Server 2008 R2 (with Service Pack 1), 8, Server 2012, 8.1 and Server 2012 R2.[6] Applications utilizing .NET Framework 4.5 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 4.6 installed, which supports additional operating systems.
.NET for Metro-style apps
Core features
- Ability to limit how long the regular expression engine will attempt to resolve a regular expression before it times out.
- Ability to define the culture for an application domain.
- Console support for Unicode (UTF-16) encoding.
- Support for versioning of cultural string ordering and comparison data.
- Better performance when retrieving resources.
- Native support for the compression algorithm, but not the archive format).
- Ability to customize a reflectionbehavior through the CustomReflectionContext class.
- New asynchronous features were added to the Visual Basic languages. These features add a task-based model for performing asynchronous operations,[87][88] implementing futures and promises.
Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF)
The Managed Extensibility Framework or MEF is a library for creating lightweight, extensible applications. It allows application developers to discover and use extensions with no configuration required. It also lets extension developers easily encapsulate code and avoid fragile hard dependencies. MEF not only allows extensions to be reused within applications, but across applications as well.[89]
ASP.NET
- Support for new HTML5 form types.
- Support for model binders in Web Forms. These let you bind data controls directly to data-access methods, and automatically convert user input to and from .NET Framework data types.
- Support for unobtrusive JavaScript in client-side validation scripts.
- Improved handling of client script through bundling and minificationfor improved page performance.
- Integrated encoding routines from the Anti-XSS library (previously an external library) to protect from cross-site scripting attacks.
- Support for WebSocket protocol.
- Support for reading and writing HTTP requests and responses asynchronously.
- Support for asynchronous modules and handlers.
- Support for content distribution network(CDN) fallback in the ScriptManager control.
Networking
- Provides a new programming interfacefor HTTP applications: System.Net.Http namespace and System.Net.Http.Headers namespaces are added
- Improved internationalization and IPv6 support
- RFC-compliant URIsupport
- Support for internationalized domain name (IDN) parsing
- Support for Email Address Internationalization(EAI)
.NET Framework 4.5.1
The release of .NET Framework 4.5.1 was announced on 17 October 2013 along Visual Studio 2013.
- Debugger support for X64 edit and continue (EnC)
- Debugger support for seeing managed return values
- Async-aware debugging in the Call Stack and Tasks windows
- Debugger support for analyzing .NET memory dumps (in the Visual Studio Ultimate SKU)
- Tools for .NET developers in the Performance and Diagnostics hub
- Code Analysis UI improvements
- ADO.NET idle connection resiliency
.NET Framework 4.5.2
The release of .NET Framework 4.5.2 was announced on 5 May 2014.
.NET Framework 4.6
.NET Framework 4.6 was announced on 12 November 2014.
The cryptographic API in .NET Framework 4.6 uses the latest version of
.NET Framework 4.6 is supported on Windows Vista (with Service Pack 2), Server 2008 (with Service Pack 2), 7 (with Service Pack 1), Server 2008 R2 (with Service Pack 1), 8, Server 2012, 8.1, Server 2012 R2, 10 and Server 2016.[6] Support for .NET Framework 4.6 ended on 26 April 2022.
.NET Framework 4.6.1
The release of .NET Framework 4.6.1 was announced on 30 November 2015.[99] This version requires Windows 7 SP1 or later and is also the last version to support Windows 8.[97] New features and APIs include:
- WPF improvements for spell check, support for per-user custom dictionaries and improved touch performance.
- Enhanced support for Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) X509 certificates.
- Added support in SQL Connectivity for AlwaysOn, Always Encrypted and improved connection open resiliency when connecting to Azure SQL Database.
- Azure SQL Database now supports distributed transactions using the updated System.Transactions APIs .
- Many other performance, stability, and reliability related fixes in RyuJIT, GC, WPF and WCF.
.NET Framework 4.6.2
The preview of .NET Framework 4.6.2 was announced on 30 March 2016.[100] It was released on 2 August 2016.[101] This version requires Windows 7 SP1 or later and is also the last version to support Windows 10 (RTM—1511).[97] New features include:
- Support for paths longer than 260 characters
- Support for FIPS 186-3 DSA in X.509 certificates
- TLS 1.1/1.2 support for ClickOnce
- Support for localization of data annotations in ASP.NET
- Enabling .NET desktop apps with Project Centennial
- Soft keyboard and per-monitor DPI support for WPF
.NET Framework 4.6.2 is also shipped as Windows container image.
.NET Framework 4.7
On 5 April 2017, Microsoft announced that .NET Framework 4.7 was integrated into
New features in .NET Framework 4.7 include:[105]
- Enhanced cryptography with elliptic curve cryptography
- Improve TLS support, especially for version 1.2
- High-DPI awareness support in Windows Forms
- More support for touch and stylus in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
- New print APIs for WPF
.NET Framework 4.7 is supported on Windows 7 (with Service Pack 1), Server 2008 R2 (with Service Pack 1), Server 2012, 8.1, Server 2012 R2, 10, Server 2016 and Server 2019.[6]
.NET Framework 4.7 is also shipped as a Windows container image.
.NET Framework 4.7.1
.NET Framework 4.7.1 was released on 17 October 2017.[106] Amongst the fixes and new features, it corrects a d3dcompiler dependency issue.[107] It also adds compatibility with the .NET Standard 2.0 out of the box.[108]
.NET Framework 4.7.1 is also shipped as a Windows container image.
.NET Framework 4.7.2
.NET Framework 4.7.2 was released on 30 April 2018.[109] Amongst the changes are improvements to ASP.NET, BCL, CLR, ClickOnce, Networking, SQL, WCF, Windows Forms, Workflow and WPF.[110] This version is included with Server 2019.[6]
.NET Framework 4.7.2 is also shipped as a Windows container image.
.NET Framework 4.8
.NET Framework 4.8 was released on 18 April 2019.
The most-recent release is 4.8.0 Build 4115, with an offline installer size of 115 MB (121,307,088 bytes) and a digital signature date of May 1, 2021.
.NET Framework 4.8.1
.NET Framework 4.8.1 was released on 9 August 2022.
The most-recent release is 4.8.1 Build 9195, with an offline installer size of 74 MB (77,668,504 bytes) and a digital signature date of September 28, 2023.
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