1180

Year 1180 (MCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• September 24 – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) dies after a 37-year reign at Constantinople. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son Alexios II – who will reign briefly as ruler of the Byzantine Empire with his mother, Maria of Antioch as regent (until 1183). Maria takes as her advisor and lover, Alexios Komnenos, a nephew of Manuel, causing a scandal among the Byzantine population.^[1]

Europe

• Frederick I (Barbarossa) issues the Gelnhausen Charter on April 13. He breaks up Henry's former domain; one part of Saxony is renamed the Duchy of Westphalia, and other parts are given to his ally Otto I (the Redhead), duke of Bavaria
  .
• September 18 – King Louis VII (the Younger) dies after a 43-year reign at Paris. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old son Philip II, who becomes sole ruler of France (until 1223).
• The Portuguese admiral D. Fuas Roupinho wins a second victory in two years, against the Almohad fleet.^[2]
• The assembly traditionally regarded as the first Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland convenes at Łęczyca (approximate date).

England

• Portsmouth is founded by the Norman merchant Jean de Gisors, establishing a trade route between England and France (approximate date).

Levant

• Summer – King Baldwin IV (the Leper) sends messengers to Saladin with proposals of a peace treaty. Because of a terrible drought, the whole of Syria is faced with famine. Saladin agrees to a two-year truce. Raymond of Tripoli denounces the truce, but is compelled to accept it after an Ayyubid fleet raids the port of Tartus.^[3]
• Saladin intervenes in a quarrel between the Zangids of Mosul and the Artuqids. He convinces the Seljuks of the Sultanate of Rum not to interfere and raids Cilician Armenia.^[4]
• Baldwin IV marries his sister Sibylla to Guy of Lusignan, brother of the constable Amalric of Lusignan, and enfeoffed him with the County of Jaffa and Ascalon.^[5]

Asia

• March 18 – Emperor Takakura is forced to abdicate by Taira no Kiyomori after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his 2-year-old son Antoku as emperor of Japan (until 1185). Kiyomori rules in his name as regent.
• Genpei War: Prince Mochihito begins a revolt against the Taira clan. In support, Minamoto no Yorimasa sends out a call for aid, and to the monasteries (Enryaku-ji, Mii-dera and others) that Kiyomori has offended.^[6]
• June 20 – Battle of Uji: Mochihito and Minamoto no Yorimasa go into hiding in the Byōdō-in Temple. There, they seek help from the warrior monks to join the battle but are defeated and killed by the Taira forces.
• September 14 – Battle of Ishibashiyama: Taira forces (3,000 men) under Ōba Kagechika defeat Minamoto no Yoritomo during a night attack near Mount Fuji (modern-day Odawara) but he flees by sea to Chiba.^[7]
• November 9 – Battle of Fujigawa: Minamoto forces (30,000 men) under Minamoto no Yoritomo defeat Taira no Koremori during a night attack near the Fuji River but he escapes safely with the routed army.^[8]

By topic

Culture

• Alexander Neckam becomes a lecturer in Paris, and writes De Natura Rerum, an early mention of chess (approximate date).

Demography

• Hangzhou, capital of Southern Song China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Fez in the Almohad Caliphate.^[9]

Births

• August 6 – Go-Toba, emperor of Japan (d. 1239)
• Alfonso II (Berenguer), count of Provence (d. 1209)
• Berengaria (the Great), queen of Castile and León (d. 1246)
• Eric X (Knutsson), king of Sweden (approximate date)
• Fernán Gutiérrez de Castro, Spanish nobleman (d. 1223)
• Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman (approximate date)
• Guala de Roniis, Italian priest and bishop (d. 1244)
• Hawise of Chester, English noblewoman (d. 1143)
• Ibn Abi Tayyi, Syrian historian and poet (d. 1228)
• Kambar, Indian Hindu poet and writer (d. 1250)
• Paulus Hungarus, Hungarian theologian (d. 1241)
• Philip of Ibelin, Cypriot nobleman and regent (d. 1227)
• Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, French troubadour (d. 1207)
• Robert de Bingham, bishop of Salisbury (d. 1246)
• Robert of Burgate, English nobleman (d. 1220)
• Simon of Dammartin, French nobleman (d. 1239)

Deaths

• Berg-Altena (b. 1140
  )
• January 29 – Soběslav II, duke of Bohemia (b. 1128)
• February 6 – Teresa Fernández de Traba, queen of León
• March 27 – Al-Mustadi, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1142)
• June 20
  • Minamoto no Yorimasa, Japanese military leader (b. 1106)
  • Mochihito, Japanese prince and son of Go-Shirakawa
• June 27 – Turan-Shah, Ayyubid emir (prince) of Damascus
• July 1 – Stephanie (the Unfortunate), Spanish noblewoman
• August 11 – William of Sens (or Guillaume), French architect
• September 18 – Louis VII (the Younger), king of France (b. 1120)
• September 24 – Manuel I (Komnenos), Byzantine emperor (b. 1118)
• October 6 – Amalric of Nesle, French prelate and Latin patriarch
• October 25 – John of Salisbury, English philosopher and bishop
• November 14 – Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Irish archbishop (b. 1128)
• Abraham ibn Daud, Spanish-Jewish philosopher (b. 1110)
• Abū Ṭāhir al-Silafī, Fatimid scholar and writer (b. 1079
  )
• John Tzetzes, Byzantine poet and grammarian (b. 1110)
• Joscelin of Louvain, Flemish nobleman (b. 1121)
• Raynerius of Split, Italian monk and archbishop
• Zhu Shuzhen, Chinese poet and writer (b. 1135)

References