14th century BC
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| 2nd millennium BC |
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Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments |
The 14th century BC was the century that lasted from the year 1400 BC until 1301 BC.
Events
- 1350 – 1250 BC: the Bajío phase of the San Lorenzo site in Mexico; large public buildings are constructed.[1]
- Pastoral nomadism develops in the steppes of Central Asia; cattle are watched on horseback.[2]
Middle East and Africa
- 1400 – 1250 BC: the heyday of the Phoenician city of Ugarit.[3] A written alphabet is attested by Ugaritic texts.[4]
- c. 1380 – 1336 BC: the reign of Šuppiluliuma I, who leads the Hittite Empire to its peak.[5] Šuppiluliuma I conquers the weakened Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni in the second half of the century. Assyria is emancipated under Ashur-uballit I.[6]
- 1372 – 1350 BC: Akhetaton (Amarna) is constructed as the ephemeral capital of the pharaoh Akhenaten and dedicated to the sun god Aten. It is abandoned a few years after Akhenaten's death.[7]
- c. 1325 BC: Pharaoh Tutankhamun dies and is buried in a richly furnished tomb in the Valley of the Kings.[5]
- c. 1320 – 1295 BC: the sinking of the Uluburun shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea south of modern-day Kaş.[8]
- Lycian pirates from southwest Anatolia raid the kingdom of Alashiya in Cyprus. They are employed as mercenaries by the Hittites and take part in the Battle of Kadesh.[9]
- An Ugaritic patera, with its embossed decoration in concentric zones and hunting scenes, reveals an exceptional level in goldsmithing.[10]
Europe
- c. 1400 – 1300 BC:
- A glacial rise is attested by the peat bog of the glacier of Tyrol.[11]
- Phase III A of the Greek Bronze Age.[12] Contacts with the Mycenaean civilization are established at Thapsos, Syracuse, Scoglio del Tonno in the Gulf of Taranto, and Ischia on the Tyrrhenian coast.[13][14]
- 1400 – 1370 BC: phase III A1 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.[15] Palaces are constructed in Tiryns and Pylos.[16] Linear B, which transcribes an archaic form of Greek, appears in the palace of Knossos at the end of Phase III A1 of the Late Minoan period.[17]
- 1370 – 1340 BC: phase III A2 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.[15]
- 1340 – 1190 BC: phase III B of the Late Helladic period in Greece.[15] Beehive tombs are constructed in Epirus and Thessaly,[18] and a palace is constructed in Athens.[19]
- 1380 – 1120 BC: a Mycenaean sanctuary is built in Phylakopi.[16]
- c. 1370 BC: the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus is created in Crete.[20]
- c. 1350 – 1330 BC: the reconstruction of the palace and Cyclopean enclosure at Mycenae, then at its peak under the reign of the legendary king and queen Perseus and Andromeda.[21]
References
- ISBN 978-0-292-74441-7.
- ISBN 978-2-7131-0228-8.
- ISBN 978-2-87747-346-0.
- ISBN 978-2-220-02025-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-2-02-008632-5.
- ISBN 978-2-296-21119-3.
- ISBN 978-0-300-07747-6.
- ISBN 978-0-19-957286-1.
- ISBN 978-1-4443-4234-5.
- ISBN 978-2-8046-0679-4.
- ISBN 978-2-84206-285-9.
- ^ Baurain, Claude (1997). Les Grecs et la Méditerranée orientale : des siècles "obscurs" à la fin de l'époque archaïque (in French). Presses universitaires de France. p. 60.
- ISBN 978-2-200-28392-6.
- ISBN 978-1-134-05523-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7864-2698-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-2-7578-4500-4.
- ISBN 978-2-86537-996-5.
- ISBN 978-2-226-22522-1.
- ISBN 978-2-01-181444-9.
- ISBN 978-0-19-971427-8.
- ISBN 978-2-01-181766-2.
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