1509

Year 1509 (MDIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 21 – The Portuguese first arrive at the Seven Islands of Bombay and land at Mahim after capturing a barge of the Gujarat Sultanate in the Mahim Creek.^[1]
• Battle of Diu: The Portuguese defeat a coalition of Indians, Muslims and Italians.^[2]
• March 18 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, names Margaretha land guardians of the Habsburg Netherlands.^[3]

April–June

• April 7 – The Kingdom of France declares war on the Republic of Venice.^[4]
• Louis XII leaves Milan to invade Venetian territory. Part of the War of the League of Cambrai and the Italian Wars.^[5]
• Henry VIII becomes King of England on the death of his father, Henry VII.^[6]
• interdict and excommunication for refusing to cede part of Romagna to papal control.^[7]
• May 2 – Juan Ponce de León obtains authorization to bring his family from Spain to his home in the Casa de Contratación in Caparra, Puerto Rico.^[8]
• May 9
  • The French army under the command of Louis XII crosses the
    Adda River at Cassano d'Adda.^[5]
  • The Venetians, encamped around the town of
    Po River in search of better positions.^[5]
• May 14 – Battle of Agnadello: French forces defeat the Venetians. The League of Cambrai occupies Venice's mainland territories.^[5]
• June 11
  • Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon.^[9]
  • De divina proportione, concerning the golden ratio, is published in Venice, with illustrations by Leonardo da Vinci.^[10]
• June 19 – Brasenose College, Oxford, is founded by a lawyer, Sir Richard Sutton, of Prestbury, Cheshire, and the Bishop of Lincoln, William Smyth.^[11]
• Henry VIII of England and Queen Consort Catherine of Aragon are crowned.^[12]

• July 17 – Venetian forces retake the city of Padua from French forces.^[13]
• July 26 – Krishnadevaraya ascends the throne of the Vijayanagara Empire.^[14]
• August 8 – Maximillian I of the Holy Roman Empire along with French allies begins a siege of Padua that would last for months to retake the city.^[4]
• August 19 – Maximillian I orders all Jews within the Holy Roman Empire to destroy all books opposing Christianity.^[15]
• September 10 – The Constantinople earthquake destroys 109 mosques and kills an estimated 10,000 people.^[16]
• Gulf of Bengal.^[17]
• September 27 – A violent storm ravages the Dutch coast, killing potentially thousands of people.^[3]

October–December

• October 2 – The siege of Padua ends with Venetian victory, causing the retreat of HRE and French forces back to Tyrol and Milan. The Venetians soon recapture the city of Vicenza. ^[4]
• November 4 – Afonso de Albuquerque becomes the Viceroy of Portuguese India,^[18] replacing Francisco de Almeida, who departs five days later from Diu.^[19] Almeida never makes it home, getting killed along with his 64 men in a battle on March 1 with the local Khoekhoe people at South Africa's Cape of Good Hope.
• November 10 – Uriel von Gemmingen is assigned to secure others' opinions before continuing the Jewish book purge started on August 19th.^[15]
• Le Tuong Duc
  . Uy Muc is granted his request to be allowed to commit suicide rather than to be executed.

Date unknown

• Erasmus writes his most famous work, In Praise of Folly.^[20]
• St Paul's School, London is founded by John Colet, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral.^[21]
• Royal Grammar School, Guildford, England, is founded under the will of Robert Beckingham.^[22]
• Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn, England, is founded as a grammar school for boys.^[23]
• Georg Tannstetter is appointed by Maximilian I as the Professor of Astronomy at the University of Vienna.^[24]
• Johannes Pfefferkorn writes his fourth and fifth pamphlets condemning the Jewish faith and people, Das Osterbuch and Der Judenfeind.^[15]
• Basil Solomon becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.^[25]

Births

• January 2 – Henry of Stolberg, German nobleman (d. 1572)^[26]
• January 3 – Gian Girolamo Albani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1591)^[27]
• January 25 – Giovanni Morone, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1580)^[28]
• February 2 – John of Leiden, Dutch Anabaptist leader (d. 1536)^[29]
• February 10 – Vidus Vidius, Italian surgeon and anatomist (d. 1569)^[30]
• March 25 – Girolamo Dandini, Italian Cardinal^[31]
• March 27 – Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, German nobleman (d. 1578)^[32][33]
• Afonso of Portugal, Portuguese Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1540)^[34]
• July 4 – Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Lutheran bishop of the Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin (d. 1550)^[35]
• July 10 – John Calvin, French religious reformer (d. 1564)^[36]
• July 25 – Philip II, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German nobleman (d. 1554)^[37]
• August 3 – Étienne Dolet, French scholar and printer (d. 1546)^[38]
• August 7 – Joachim I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince (d. 1561)^[39]
• August 25 – Ippolito II d'Este, Italian cardinal and statesman (d. 1572)^[40]
• Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, Scottish prince (d. 1510)^[41]
• November 4 – John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Polish-German nobleman (d. 1565)^[42]

Date unknown

• Anneke Esaiasdochter, Dutch Anabaptist (d. 1539)^[43]
• Bernardino Telesio, Italian philosopher and natural scientist (d. 1588)^[44]
• Élie Vinet, French humanist (d. 1587)^[45]
• François de Scépeaux, French governor (d. 1571)^[46]
• François Douaren, French jurist (d. 1559)^[47]
• Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, Spanish conquistador (d. 1579)^[48]
• Guillaume Le Testu, French privateer (d. 1573)^[49]
• John Erskine of Dun, Scottish religious reformer (d. 1591)^[50]
• Naoe Kagetsuna, Japanese Clan Officer (d. 1577)^[51]
• Stanisław Odrowąż, Polish nobleman (d. 1545)^[52]

Deaths

• January – Adam Kraft, German sculptor and architect (b. circa 1460)^[53]
• January 27 – John I, Count Palatine of Simmern, German nobleman (b. 1459)^[54]
• March 14 – Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio, Italian cardinal (b. unknown)^[55]
• April 21 – Henry VII of England, King of England and Lord of Ireland (b. 1457)^[56]
• April 27 – Margaret of Brandenburg, German abbess of the Poor Clares monastery at Hof (b. 1453)^[57]
• May 28 – Caterina Sforza, Italian countess of Forlì (b. 1463)^[58]
• Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII of England (b. 1443)^[59]
• July 11 – William II, Landgrave of Hesse, German nobleman (b. 1469)^[60]
• July 16
  • Joao da Nova, Portuguese explorer (b. 1460)^[61]
  • Mikalojus Radvila the Old, Lithuanian nobleman (b. circa 1450)^[62]
• July 28 – Ignatius Noah of Lebanon, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (b. 1451).^[63]
• December 1 – Lê Uy Mục, 8th king of the later Lê Dynasty of Vietnam (b. 1488)^[64]

Date unknown

• Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1483)^[65]
• Eleanor de Poitiers, Burgundian courter and writer (b. circa 1444)^[66]
• Hans Seyffer, German sculptor and woodcarver (b. circa 1460)^[67]
• Shen Zhou, Chinese painter (b. 1427)^[68]
• Viranarasimha Raya, Indian ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire (b. unknown)^[69]

References