1520
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1520 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| 392 before ROC 民前392年 | |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 52 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2062–2063 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土兔年 (female Earth-Rabbit) 1646 or 1265 or 493 — to — 阳金龙年 (male Iron-Dragon) 1647 or 1266 or 494 |
Aztec
battles.
Year 1520 (MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
- Lake Åsunden in Sweden. The Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger is mortally wounded in the battle. He is rushed towards Stockholm, in order to lead the fight against the Danes from there, but dies from his wounds on February 3.[1]
- April 16 – Revolt of the Comuneros: Citizens of Toledo, Castile opposed to the rule of the Flemish-born Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, rise up when the royal government attempts to unseat radical city councilors.[2]
- Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, is declared deposed due to his captivity by conquistador Hernán Cortés. His brother Cuitláhuacrises to the throne.
- Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France meet at the famous Field of the Cloth of Gold.[3]
- June 10 – Revolt of the Comuneros: Segovia is blockaded.
- June 15 – Pope Leo X issues the bull Exsurge Domine (Arise O Lord), threatening Martin Luther with excommunication, if he does not recant his position on indulgences and other Catholic doctrines.[4]
July–December
- Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, gain a major victory against the forces of conquistador Hernán Cortés. This results in the death of about 400 conquistadors, and some 2,000 of their Native Americanallies. However, Cortés and the most skilled of his men manage to escape and later regroup.
- July 7 – Otumba near Lake Texcaco: The Spaniards defeat the Aztecs.[5]
- August – Martin Luther publishes To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation.[6]
- Christian II makes his triumphant entry into Stockholm, which had surrendered to him a few days earlier.[7] Sten Sture's widow Christina Gyllenstierna, who has led the fight after Sten's death, and all other persons in the resistance against the Danes, are granted amnesty and are pardoned for their involvement in the resistance.
- Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, dies from smallpox during an epidemic.[10] He is succeeded by his nephew Cuauhtémoc.
- October 21 (Feast of St. Ursula) – The islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon are discovered by Portuguese explorer João Álvares Fagundes, off Newfoundland. He names them Islands of the 11,000 Virgins, in honour of Saint Ursula.
- October 23 – Charles V is crowned King of Germany in Aachen.[11]
- November 1–4 – Christian II is crowned king of Sweden in Nikolai Church.[12] The coronation is followed by a three-day feast in Stockholm.
- November 7 – At the end of the third day of Christian's coronation feast, several leading figures of the Swedish resistance against the Danish invasion are imprisoned, and tried for high treason.[13]
- November 8–9 – Stockholm Bloodbath: 82 noblemen and clergymen, having been sentenced to death for their involvement in the Swedish resistance against the Danish invasion, are executed by beheading.[14]
- November 28 – After navigating through the South American strait, three ships under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reach the Pacific Ocean,[15][16] becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific (the strait is later named the Strait of Magellan).
- Canon Law), and his copy of the Papal bull Exsurge Domine.[17]
Date unknown
- The Franciscan friar Matteo Bassi is inspired to return to the primitive life of solitude and penance, as practiced by St. Francis, giving rise to the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.
- Cananor.
- Aleksandra Lisowska (Roxelana) is given as a gift to Suleiman I on the occasion of his accession to the throne.[18]
- King Manuel I creates the public mail service of Portugal, the Correio Público.[19]
Births
- January 7 – Peder Oxe, Danish finance minister (d. 1575)[20]
- January 30 – William More, English courtier (d. 1600)[21]
- February 22 – Frederick III of Legnica, Duke of Legnica (d. 1570)
- March 3 – Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (d. 1575)[22]
- June 29 – Nicolás Factor, Spanish artist (d. 1583)[23]
- August 1 – King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (d. 1572)[25]
- August 10 – Madeleine of Valois, queen of James V of Scotland (d. 1537)[26]
- August 21 – Bartholomäus Sastrow, German official (d. 1603)[27]
- August 31 – Heinrich Sudermann, German politician (d. 1591)[28]
- September 13 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman, chief advisor to Queen Elizabeth I (d. 1598)[29]
- October 7 – Alessandro Farnese, Italian cardinal (d. 1589)[30]
- November 10 – Dorothea of Denmark, Electress Palatine, Princess of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (d. 1580)[31]
- December 6 – Barbara Radziwiłł, queen of Poland (d. 1551)[32]
- December 24 – Martha Leijonhufvud, politically active Swedish noble (d. 1584)[33]
- date unknown
- Patriarch Metrophanes III of Constantinople (d. 1580)
- Jean Ribault, French navigator (d. 1565)[34]
- Vincenzo Galilei, Italian music theorist, lutenist, and composer (d. 1591)[35]
- Aben Humeya, last independent king of Granada (d. 1568)
- Ijuin Tadaaki, Japanese nobleman (d. 1561)
- Agatha Streicher, German physician (d. 1581)[36]
- Johannes Acronius Frisius, German doctor and mathematician (d. 1564)[38]
- probable
- Hans Eworth, Flemish portrait painter (d. 1574)[39]
- Katharina Gerlachin, German printer (d. 1592)
- Jorge de Montemor, Spanish novelist and poet (d. 1561)[40]
- Giovanni Battista Moroni, Italian mannerist painter (d. 1578)[41]
Deaths
- January 10 – Jo Gwang-jo, Korean philosopher (b. 1482)
- February 3 – Sten Sture the Younger, Viceroy of Sweden (b. 1493)[42]
- February 7 – Alfonsina de' Medici, née Orsini, Regent of Florence (b. 1472)[43]
- April 6 – Raphael, Italian painter and architect (b. 1483)[44]
- May 22 – Jan Lubrański, Polish bishop (b. 1456)[45]
- June 24 – Hosokawa Sumimoto, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1489)
- June 29 – Moctezuma II, 9th Tlatoani (emperor) of the Aztecs, assassinated or possibly killed in a riot, 1502-1520 (b. 1466)[46]
- August 6 – Kunigunde of Austria, Archduchess of Austria (b. 1465)[47]
- September 3 – Ippolito d'Este, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1479)[48][49]
- October – Cuitláhuac, 10th Tlatoani (emperor) of the Aztecs, 1520, brother of Moctezuma II, smallpox (b. c. 1476)[51]
- November 9 – Bernardo Dovizi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1470)[52]
- date unknown
- Kantipur[54]
- Visoun, king of Lan Xang (b. 1465)[55]
- Sheikh Hamdullah, Ottoman calligrapher (b. 1436)[56]
- Clara Tott, German court singer (b. 1440)
- probable – Filippo de Lurano, Italian composer (b. 1475)[57]
References
- ISBN 978-0-07-009365-2.
- ISBN 978-0-299-08500-1. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ^ Winston Churchill (1969). History of the English Speaking Peoples: Based on the Text of 'A History of the English-speaking Peoples' by Sir Winston Churchill. B.P.C. Publishing. p. 1096.
- ^ Kolb, Robert; Dingel, Irene; Batka, L'ubomir (April 1, 2014). "Luther's Life". The Oxford Handbook of Martin Luther's Theology. Oxford University Press. p. 14. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-87099-338-1.
- ISBN 978-1-317-64861-1. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ^ Gfrörer, August Friedrich (1863). Gustav Adolph: könig von Schweden und seine Zeit (in German). Adolph Krabbe. p. 3. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-108-02064-0. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ISBN 978-979-592-969-7. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-87480-536-9. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-643-11134-0. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ^ Läsebok för folkskolan (in Swedish). Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & söner. 1903. p. 500. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-19-506493-3. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ "Stockholms blodbad 1520". Stockholmskällan redaktion (in Swedish). April 8, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- S2CID 161223057.
- S2CID 235599215. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-521-34536-1. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-465-03251-8. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Brito, Ana (December 4, 2013). "CTT: uma empresa onde se lê a história do país". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Troels-Lund, Dr (1907). Peder Oxe: et historisk billed (in Danish). Schubotheske forlag. p. 37. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- required.)
- ISBN 978-1-5326-1772-0. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ COMPANY, Joaquin (1787). Vida del B.Nicolás Factor de menores observantes (in Spanish). Valencia: J.y T. de Orga. p. 3. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Béthencourt, Francisco Fernández de (1907). Historia genealógica y heráldica de la monarquía española: casa real y grandes de España (in Spanish). Estab. Tip. de Enrique Teodoro. p. 93. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Przeździecki, Aleksander (1878). Jagiellonki polskie w XVI. wieku (in Polish). Vol. V. Nakładem Konstantego i Gustawa hr. Przezdzieckich. p. 21. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Grote, Ludwig (1860). Bartholomäus Sastrow, ein merkwürdiger lebenslauf des sechszehnten jahrhunderts (in German). J. Fricke. p. 5. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-7927-0834-7. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-7172-0107-5.
- ISBN 978-0-300-05045-5. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Allen, Carl Ferdinand (1867). De tre nordiske Rigers historie under Hans, Christiern II, Frederik I, Gustav Vasa, Grevefeiden: 1497-1536 (in Danish). Copenhagen: F. Hegel. p. 279. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ Pamiętnik powszechnego Zjazdu historyków polskich w Poznaniu (in Polish). Vol. 6. Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. 1935. p. 145. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Märta Eriksdtr (Leijonhufvud)". sok.riksarkivet.se. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-598-77697-6. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8357-1065-7. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Streicher, Agatha". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Katarina (Karin) Bengtsdotter (Gylta)". skbl.se. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ Index-catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office, United States Army (Army Medical Library): Authors and Subjects. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1939. p. 15. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ Grady, Caterine; Lambion, Emmanuel (2000). Jonckheere (in French). De Jonckheere. p. 11. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-226-01147-9. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Moroni, Giovanni [Giovan] Battista". Grove Art Online. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-85229-663-9.
- ISBN 978-90-04-52693-8. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-85894-076-2.
- ISBN 978-83-86005-06-2. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Moctezuma II" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- ^ Scheglmann, Alfons Maria (1904). Geschichte der Säkularisation im rechtsrheinischen Bayern: ¬Die Säkularisation in Kurpfalzbayern während des Jahres 1802. 2 (in German). Habbel. p. 423. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ Milano sacro Almanacco: per l'anno (in Italian). Agnelli. 1821. p. 48. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- S2CID 190681116. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-89468-088-5.
- ^ "Cuitláhuac" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- ^ Dovizi, Bernardo (1863). La calandria commedia di Bernardo Dovizi da Bibbiena (in Italian). Daelli. p. viii. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Ixtlilxóchitl II" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- ^ Aryal, I. R.; Dhungyal, T. P. (1970). A New History of Nepal. Voice of Nepal. p. 62. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-136-86337-0. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-87099-873-7. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Lurano [Luprano, Lorano], Filippo de". Grove Music Online. Retrieved July 24, 2023.