1558
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November 17: Queen Mary of England dies, and her half-sister begins her reign as Queen Elizabeth the first
| 1558 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
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| 354 before ROC 民前354年 | |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 90 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2100–2101 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火蛇年 (female Fire-Snake) 1684 or 1303 or 531 — to — 阳土马年 (male Earth-Horse) 1685 or 1304 or 532 |
Year 1558 (MDLVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 7 – French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, the last continental possession of the Kingdom of England, in the Siege of Calais.
- January 22 – The Livonian War begins.
- February 2 – The University of Jena is founded in Thuringia, Germany.[1]
- February 4 – (16th day of 1st month of Eiroku 1) Takeda Shingen becomes the shugo (military governor) of Shinano Province after his successful military campaign there.
- Antihuala), encamped with a small band of followers.
- Duke John on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia.[2]
April–June
- April 17 – The siege of Thionville in the Duchy of Luxembourg, is started by the French Army, led by Francis, Duke of Guise.
- Notre Dame de Paris.[3]
- the Holy Roman Empire gives recognition to Ferdinand as Holy Roman Emperor, two months after his proclamation on March 14 as the successor to his brother Charles V.
- Suleyman the Magnificent at the request of King Henry II of France, sails into the Bay of Naples at Italy and attacks the city of Sorrento.
- June 23 – France is successful in the siege of Thionville in the Duchy of Luxembourg and recovers the fortress from the Spanish Empire after an operation that began on April 17 and lasted more than two months.
July–September
- July 9 – The Ottoman Empire, with 15,000 troops and 150 warships, besieges the Spanish garrison at Ciutadella de Menorca at Spain's Balearic Islands. When the town falls on July 17, the 3,099 surviving inhabitants are sold into slavery.[4]
- English Navy, inflict a major defeat on the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes.
- July 18 – The city of Tartu, capital of the Bishopric of Dorpat (in modern-day Estonia) surrenders to Russia.
- August 22 – In Spain, Bartolomé Carranza, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Toledo, is arrested at Torrelaguna on orders of the Grand Inquisitor, Fernando de Valdés y Salas. Carranza is brought a prisoner to Valladolid to face accusations of heresy.[5] He remains in prison for eight years before being transferred to Rome for the Pope to hear his appeal.[6]
October–December
- Poczta Polska.
- Elizabeth, as her successor.[7] Both Mary and Elizabeth are daughters of the late King Henry VIII.
- November 15 – The five Canterbury Martyrs, three men and two women, are burned at the stake, becoming the last of 312 Protestants put to death for heresy during the reign of England's last Roman Catholic ruler, Queen Mary.[8] Queen Mary dies two days later, bringing an end to her campaign. During the final year of Mary's reign, 49 Protestants are burned at the stake and three others die in prison while awaiting execution.
- Elizabeth, an adherent to the Protestant Church of England, beginning the Elizabethan erain British history.
- December 5 – Less than three weeks of becoming Queen of England, Elizabeth summons the members of the English Parliament with orders to assemble at Westminster on January 23. Under Elizabeth's agenda, the Parliament is charged with restoring the laws passed at the beginning of the English Reformation, and repealing the reforms made during the reign of Queen Mary.
Unknown
- John Knox's attack on female rulers, The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women, is published anonymously from Geneva.[9]
- English explorer Anthony Jenkinson travels from Moscow to Astrakhan and Bukhara.[10] He is the first Englishman to note that the Amu Darya changed course, to start flowing into the Aral Sea.[11]
- Queen Elizabeth I of England grants rest and refreshment to pilgrims and travellers who pass by the Holy Well Spring at Malvern in England.
Ongoing
Births
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- Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch painter (d. 1617)
- January 16 – Jakobea of Baden, Margravine of Baden by birth, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by marriage (d. 1597)
- January 29 – Paul Hentzner, German lawyer (d. 1623)
- Johann VII, Duke of Mecklenburg, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1576–1592) (d. 1592)
- April 30 – Mikołaj Oleśnicki the younger, Polish noble (d. 1629)
- June 15 – Margrave Andrew of Burgau, German nobleman, Cardinal, Bishop of Constance and Brixen (d. 1600)
- July 9 – David Origanus, German astronomer (d. 1628)
- July 11 – Robert Greene, English dramatist (d. 1592)
- August 2 – Herman van den Bergh, Dutch soldier in the Eighty Years' War (d. 1611)
- August 8 – George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, English noble (d. 1605)
- August 19 – François de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (d. 1614)
- September 9 – Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, French soldier (d. 1602)
- September 24 – Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure, English politician (d. 1617)
- October 12 – Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (d. 1618)
- October 24 – Szymon Szymonowic, Polish writer (d. 1629)
- Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, Marshal of France (d. 1652)
- November 27 – Mingyi Swa, Crown Prince of Burma (d. 1593)
- December 3 – Gregorio Pagani, Italian painter (d. 1605)
- December 8 – François de La Rochefoucauld, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1645)
- December 9 – André du Laurens, French physician (d. 1609)
- date unknown
- Meir Lublin, Polish rabbi (d. 1616)
- Kōriki Masanaga, Japanese military commander (d. 1599)
- Bessho Nagaharu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1580)
- Olivier van Noort, first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world (d. 1627)
- Chidiock Tichborne, English conspirator and poet (d. 1586)
- Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia (1593–1601) (d. 1601)
- Thomas Kyd, English playwright (d. 1594)
- Françoise de Cezelli, French war hero (d. 1615)
- probable – Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, French merchant (d. 1628)
Deaths
- January 28 – Jacob Micyllus, German humanist (b. 1503)
- February 25 – Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Portugal and France (b. 1498)
- February 27
- Johann Faber of Heilbronn, controversial Catholic preacher (b. 1504)
- Kunigunde of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, German noblewoman (b. 1524)
- March 6 – Luca Gaurico, Italian astrologer (b. 1475)
- March 24 – Anna van Egmont, Countess of Egmond and Buren (b. c. 1533)
- March 25 – Marcos de Niza, French Franciscan explorer (b. c. 1495)
- April 2 – Wolfgang of the Palatinate, Count Palatine of Neumarkt (b. 1494)
- Hurrem Sultan, Ruthenian-born wife of Suleiman the Magnificent (b. c. 1500)
- April 20 – Johannes Bugenhagen, German reformer (b. 1485)
- April 26 – Jean Fernel, French physician (b. 1497)[12]
- May 17 – Francisco de Sá de Miranda, Portuguese poet (b. 1485)
- Juan Téllez-Girón, 4th Count of Ureña, Spanish count (b. 1494)
- May 25 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen (1525–1540) (b. 1510)[13]
- May 31 – Philip Hoby, English politician (b. 1505)
- June 28 – Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Chiche, English courtier (b. 1506)
- George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (b. 1498)
- August 11 – Justus Menius, German Lutheran pastor (b. 1499)[14]
- September 21 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1500)[15]
- October – Mellin de Saint-Gelais, French poet (b. c. 1491)
- Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (b. 1505)
- October 21 – J. C. Scaliger, Italian scholar (b. 1484)[16]
- November 1
- Anne Brooke, Baroness Cobham, English noble (b. 1501)
- Erhard Schnepf, German theologian (b. 1495)
- November 15 – Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, Scottish politician and judge (b. 1515)
- November 17
- (bur.) Hugh Aston, English composer (b. 1485)
- Queen Mary I of England (b. 1516)[17]
- Reginald Pole, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1500)
- December 7 – Johann Forster, German theologian (b. 1496)
- December 16 – Thomas Cheney, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. c. 1485)
- December 19 – Cornelius Grapheus, Flemish writer (b. 1482)
- December 28 – Hermann Finck, German composer (b. 1527)
- date unknown
- Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll, Scottish nobleman and politician (b. 1507)
- Robert Recorde, Welsh physician and mathematician (b. c. 1512)
References
- Encyclopedia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press – via Wikisource.
- ^ J. W. Ruuth (1958). "Kaupungin perustamiskirje". Porin kaupungin historia II (in Finnish). City of Pori. p. 269.
- ^ Lucinda H. S. Dean, 'In the Absence of an Adult Monarch', Medieval and Early Modern Representations of Authority in Scotland and the British Isles (Routledge, 2016), p. 155.
- ^ Phil Lee, The Rough Guide to Mallorca & Menorca (Rough Guides, 2004), p. 171.
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gordon, Alexander (1911). "Carranza, Bartolomé". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 399–400.
- ^ J. P. Kirsch, "Bartolomé Carranza," Catholic Encyclopedia (1917 ed.)
- OCLC 220518
- ^ "Foxe’s Marian Martyrs", by Thomas S. Freeman, JohnFoxe.org
- ISBN 978-0-8240-6709-0.
- ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
- ^ Sykes, Percy (1921). A History of Persia. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 64.
- (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
- ISBN 978-0-8240-8547-6.
- ISBN 978-0-7586-0921-2.
- ^ "Charles V | Accomplishments, Reign, Abdication, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-4223-7704-8.
- ISBN 0-395-69120-6.
