1730
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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1730 by topic |
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Arts and science |
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182 before ROC 民前182年 | |
Nanakshahi calendar | 262 |
Thai solar calendar | 2272–2273 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1856 or 1475 or 703 — to — 阳金狗年 (male Iron-Dog) 1857 or 1476 or 704 |
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1730 (MDCCXXX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1730th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 730th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 18th century, and the 1st year of the 1730s decade. As of the start of 1730, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
January–March
- January 30 (January 19 O.S.) – At dawn, Emperor Peter II of Russia dies of smallpox, aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage.
- Empress of Russiafollowing the death of her cousin Emperor Peter II.
- First Kamchatka expedition.
- March 5 – The 1730 papal conclave to elect a new Pope for the Roman Catholic church begins with 30 Cardinals, 12 days after the death of Pope Benedict XIII. By the time his successor is elected on July 12, there are 56 Cardinals.
- Persia opens the first campaign of the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735), guiding the Persian Army from Shiraz and starting the Western Persia Campaignagainst the Ottoman Empire.
- March 12 – John Glas is deposed from the Church of Scotland; the Glasite sect forms around him.[1]
- March 16 – The establishment by Thomas Cresap of Wright's Ferry under the authority of the Province of Pennsylvania[2] becomes the basis for Cresap's War, a nine-year-long conflict also known as the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute; the conflict mainly centers in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and York County, Pennsylvania on either bank of the Susquehanna River.
April–June
- April 8 – Congregation Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.
- Empress of Russia takes place in Saint Petersburg.
- May 15 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, retires from his role in the government of Great Britain, leaving Robert Walpole as sole and undisputed leader of the Cabinet (i.e., prime minister). In the new Walpole ministry, Sir William Strickland, 4th Baronet, becomes Secretary at War, and Henry Pelham is Paymaster of the Forces; Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington briefly becomes Lord Privy Seal.
- June 1 – Enslaved woman Sally Basset is put on trial for murder in Bermuda; she will eventually be convicted and burned at the stake.
- June 27 – French explorer Alphonse de Pontevez, commanding the frigate Le Lys, claims an Indian Ocean atoll for France and names it after himself as the Alphonse Atoll. The next day, he claims and names the St. François Atoll.
July–September
- July 8 – 1730 Valparaíso earthquake: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.1 strikes Valparaíso, in modern-day Chile but at this time in the Viceroyalty of Peru.
- July 12 – The papal conclave selects Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini over Cardinal Pietro Marcellino Corradini as the successor to Pope Benedict XIII. Corsini becomes Pope Clement XII as the 246th pope.
- August 4 – Maria Madlener becomes the last person to be executed after the Galgeninsel witch trials in Bavaria, and is beheaded by sword.
- Küstrin (modern-day Kostrzyn nad Odrą in Poland) for a year before being forgiven by his father. Prince Frederick later succeeds his father as King and will be remembered as Frederick the Great.[5]
- Herat Campaign of 1731.
- August 25 – French Protestant Marie Durand is imprisoned in the Tower of Constance at Aigues-Mortes for her defiance of the Roman Catholic government, and is kept captive for the next 38 years. During her incarceration, she continues to resist converting to Catholicism as a condition of release. She is finally set free on April 14, 1768 and lives 8 more years.
- September 1 – A volcano erupts on Lanzarote, the easternmost of the Canary Islands and threatens the Spanish inhabitants. On Gran Canaria, the regent of the islands reports to Madrid that the flames are visible even from 130 miles (210 km) away.[6]
- Ottoman Emperor.
October–December
- , is completed.
- Küstrin Prison. Frederick's father, King Frederick William, forces the prince to watch the execution.[5]
- December 9 – The first documented notice in North America about freemasonry is published in The Pennsylvania Gazette in an article by its publisher, Benjamin Franklin.[7]
- Delagoa Bay in southern Africa in modern-day Mozambique. The entire population of the settlement, Fort Lydzammheid (near modern-day Maputo) is evacuated by the ships Snuffelaar, Zeepost and Feyenoord and the group returns to Cape Town.[8]
Date unknown
- The Missouria tribe is almost destroyed when hundreds are killed in an attack by the Meskwawi and Sauk.
Births
- January 3 – Velu Nachiyar, queen regnant of Sivaganga (d. 1796)
- March 7 – Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, last prime minister of the French monarchy (d. 1807)
- April 1 – Salomon Gessner, Swiss painter and newspaper publisher (d. 1788)
- April 16 – Henry Clinton, British general (d. 1795)
- John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1805)
- translator (d. 1825)
- June 21 – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese philologist, scholar of the kokugaku school (d. 1801)
- July 10 – Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, French Freemason (d. 1824)
- July 12
- Anna Barbara Reinhart, Swiss mathematician (d. 1796)
- Josiah Wedgwood, English pottery manufacturer and abolitionist (d. 1795)
- July 26 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (d. 1817)
- August 1 – Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol, English Anglican prelate (d. 1803)
- August 27 – Johann Georg Hamann, German philosopher (d. 1788)
- September 7 – Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer (d. 1765)
- September 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian army officer (d. 1794)
- November 23 – William Moultrie, American general (d. 1805)
- December 14 – James Bruce, Scottish explorer (d. 1794)
- Philip Mazzei, Italian physician, friend of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1816)
- December 30 – William Hamilton, British diplomat, antiquary (d. 1803)
- date unknown
- President of Delaware (d. 1789)
- Anne Rossignol, African slave trader (d. 1810)
- John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, Scottish peer and colonial governor in the Americas (d. 1809)
- White Eyes, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1778)
Deaths
- January 1
- Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English politician (b. 1647)
- Samuel Sewall, English-born judge (b. 1652)[10]
- January 7 – Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (b. 1663)[11]
- January 18 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian scientist (b. 1661)
- January 30 – Emperor Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
- February 9 – Johann Georg von Eckhart, German historian (b. 1664)
- February 12 – Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter (b. 1663)[12]
- February 21 – Pope Benedict XIII, Italian pontiff (b. 1649)[13]
- March 20 – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (b. 1692)[14]
- March 22 – Benedetto Pamphili, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (b. 1653)[15]
- March 23 – Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (b. 1654)
- May 13 – Sir Justinian Isham, 4th Baronet, English landowner and Member of Parliament (b. 1658)
- May 30 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1648)
- June 6 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France in the reign of Louis XIV and Louis XV (b. 1646)
- Yinxiang, Qing dynasty prince (b. 1686)
- June 19 – Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor, English judge and politician (b. 1658)
- Sarah Basset, Bermudian slave, origin of legend
- June 28 – Joachim Bouvet, French Jesuit active in China (b. 1656)
- July 7 – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate
- July 9 – Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (b. 1661)
- François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, French soldier (b. 1644)
- August 10 – Sébastien de Brossard, French composer and music theorist (b. 1655)
- August 12 – Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate, German princess (b. 1652)
- August 19 – James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater, Scottish politician (b. 1664)
- September 9 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, English courtier (b. 1662)
- Guichard Joseph Duverney, French anatomist (b. 1648)
- September 14 – Sophia Elisabet Brenner, Swedish writer (b. 1659)[16]
- September 27 – Laurence Eusden, English poet (b. 1688)
- October 12 – Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1671)
- October 16 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, French explorer (b. 1658)
- October 23 – Anne Oldfield, English actress (b. 1683)[17]
- November 1 – Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, Italian soldier and naturalist (b. 1658)
- November 21 – François de Troy, French portrait artist (b. 1645)
- December 31 – Carlo Gimach, Maltese architect, engineer and poet (b. 1651)[18]
References
- ^ Cates, William L. R. (1863). The Pocket Date Book. Chapman and Hall.
- ^ William H. Egle, History of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Civil, Political and Military from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Including Historical Descriptions of Each County in the State, Their Towns, and Industrial Resources (E.M. Gardner Co., 1883) p322
- ^ Daniel Avery, United Interests: William Gooch, the Frontier, and the Politics of Virginia, 1720-1750[permanent dead link] (University of Kent, 2019) p31
- ^ "Virginia Public Tobacco Warehouses, 1730/31". Files.usgwararchives.net. Archived from the original (TXT) on June 4, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- ^ a b Will Durant and Ariel Durant, The Story of Civilization, Volume IX: The Age of Voltaire (Simon & Schuster, 1965)
- ^ Alwyn Scarth, Volcanoes: An Introduction (Taylor & Francis, 2004)
- ^ Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh, The Temple And The Lodge (Random House, 2013) p274
- ^ Tim Couzens, Battles of South Africa (David Phillip Publishers, 2004) p16
- ^ "History of Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
- ^ "Samuel Sewall | British colonial merchant | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
- ^ Willard Fiske (1903). Mímir: Icelandic Institutions, with Addresses. M. Truelsen. p. 17.
- ISBN 9780714814070.
- ^ ""Inquiry for the Process of Canonisation of the Dominican Pope Benedict XIII", Order of Preachers, February 24, 2017". Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ^ Commire, Anne; Klezmer, Deborah. "Lecouvreur, Adrienne (1690–1730)". Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages. Detroit: Yorkin Publications. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
- ISBN 9781000310290.
- ISBN 9789122021575.
- ISBN 9780198128649.
- ^ Ellul, Michael (1986). "Carlo Gimach (1651–1730) – Architect and Poet" (PDF). Proceedings of History Week. Historical Society of Malta: 37–38. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 4, 2017.