173rd Airborne Brigade
173d Airborne Brigade (Separate) | |
---|---|
Active | 1917–1919; 1921–1945; 1947–1951; 1963–1972; 2000–present |
Country | United States |
Branch | United States Army |
Type | Airborne light infantry |
Role | European and African area quick response force |
Size | Brigade |
Part of | United States Army Europe United States Army Africa U.S. Army Europe and Africa Southern European Task Force |
Garrison/HQ | Caserma Del Din (Vicenza, Italy) |
Nickname(s) | Sky Soldiers (special designation)[1] |
Anniversaries | 26 March 2003 Iraq Invasion |
Engagements | World War II:
War on Terror
|
Decorations |
|
Website | Official Website |
Commanders | |
Current commander | COL Joshua M. Gaspard[2] |
Notable commanders |
|
Insignia | |
Combat service identification badge | |
Brigade Distinctive Unit Insignia | |
Brigade Beret Flash | |
Brigade Background Trimming |
The 173rd Airborne Brigade ("Sky Soldiers")[1] is an airborne infantry brigade combat team (IBCT) of the United States Army based in Vicenza, Italy. It is the United States European Command's conventional airborne strategic response force for Europe.[3]
Activated in 1915, as the 173rd Infantry Brigade, the unit saw service in
Since its reactivation in 2000, the brigade served five tours in the Middle East in support of the
Organization
The 173rd Airborne Brigade serves as the conventional airborne strategic response force for Europe.[5] It was a subordinate unit of the U.S. Army's V Corps and after June 2013, subordinate to US Army Europe.
The 173rd Airborne Brigade currently consists of 3,300 paratroopers[6] in six subordinate battalions as well as a headquarters company:[7]
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
- 503rd Infantry Regiment
- 2nd Battalion,503rd Infantry Regiment
- 1st Squadron,91st Cavalry Regiment
- 4th Battalion,319th Field Artillery Regiment
- 54th Brigade Engineer Battalion
- 173rd Support Battalion
All of these units are airborne qualified, making the 173rd Airborne Brigade the only separate airborne IBCT in the United States Army.[7]
History
World Wars
The 173rd Infantry Brigade was constituted on 5 August 1917 as an
- BG Robert Campbell Van Vliet, August 25, 1917 - June 8, 1918
- COL John O'Shea, June 9, 1918 – July 14, 1918
- BG Otho B. Rosenbaum, July 15, 1918 – July 26, 1918
- COL John O'Shea, July 27, 1918 – July 28, 1918
- BG Otho B. Rosenbaum, July 29, 1918 – September 19, 1918
- COL John Shea, September 20, 1918 – December 2, 1918
- BG George Herbert Harries, December 3, 1918
- COL John Shea, December 4, 1918 – December 20, 1918
- BG Marcus D. Cronin, December 21, 1918 – January 9, 1919
- COL John Shea, January 10, 1919 – January 19, 1919
- BG Marcus D. Cronin, January 20, 1919 – February 8, 1919
On 24 June 1921, the unit was reconstituted as the
During World War II, brigades were eliminated from
Re-creation as airborne brigade
From 1961 to 1963, the Army began reorganizing its force so that each division would have a similar structure, which would vary depending on the type of division it was. This move was called the
On 26 March 1963, the 173rd Airborne Brigade (Separate) was assigned to the
Vietnam War
The brigade arrived in South Vietnam on 7 May 1965, the first major ground combat unit of the United States Army to serve in the country.
The 1st and 2nd Battalions, 503rd Infantry were the first Army combat units from the 173rd sent into South Vietnam, accompanied by the
The brigade was the first unit sent into
The attached helicopter unit became the Casper Aviation Platoon, befitting a separate infantry brigade as the only separate aviation platoon deployed in Vietnam. Casper platoon was part of the HHC 173rd Airborne Brigade and its members wore the brigade patch. The attached Assault Helicopter Company, the 335th AHC, the "Cowboys", deployed with the brigade all over Vietnam into mid-1968 and comprised the Airmobile capability along with the Caspers.[35] Soldiers of the brigade became involved in Operation Attleboro in fall of 1966, an operation that started out as a small search and destroy mission north of Saigon, but eventually involved 22,000 troops from 21 battalions.[36] Soldiers of the brigade also took part in smaller humanitarian missions in between major combat operations.[37]
On 22 February 1967, the 173rd conducted
Dak To
In mid-1967, the
On 20 June, Company C, 2nd Battalion (Airborne),
In response to the destruction of Alpha Company,
The battle around Dak To became more costly as 4-503 of the 173rd was ordered to occupy Hill 823, south of Ben Het Camp, for the construction of Fire Support Base. Only the battalion's Company B was available for the attack, which was borne by helicopter. The company was able to take the hill but suffered 9 dead and 28 wounded.[47] The following morning Bravo Company was relieved by Lieutenant Colonel David J. Schumacher's 1–503, which (against the admonitions of Colonel Livsey) was divided into two small task forces. Task Force Black consisted of Charlie Company supported by two platoons of Dog Company and Task Force Blue which was composed of Alpha Company and the remaining platoon of Dog Company. Task Force Black left Hill 823 to find the PAVN who had attacked B/4-503. At 08:28 on 11 November, after leaving their overnight laager and following a PAVN communications wire, the force was ambushed by the 8th and 9th Battalions of the PAVN 66th Regiment and had to fight for its life.[48] Task Force Blue drew the job of going to the relief of the beleaguered task force; however, Task Force Blue ran into resistance and was pinned down by enemy fire on all sides. C/4-503 was then assigned the mission of relieving Task Force Black and they too encountered significant PAVN fire, but they made it, reaching the trapped men at 15:37. U.S. losses were 20 killed, 154 wounded, and two missing.[49]
Following an attack on the Đắk Tô Base,
The next morning the three companies of 4-503 were chosen to set out and relieve the men on Hill 875. Because of intense PAVN sniper and mortar fire (and the terrain), it took until nightfall for the relief force to reach the beleaguered battalion. On the afternoon of 21 November, both battalions moved out to take the crest. During fierce, close-quarters fighting, some of the paratroopers made it into the PAVN trench line but were ordered to pull back as darkness fell.
The following day was spent in launching airstrikes and a heavy artillery bombardment against the hilltop, totally denuding it of cover. On 23 November, 2-503 and 4-503 were ordered to renew their assault while the 1st Battalion, 12th Infantry assaulted 875 from the south.[54] This time the Americans gained the crest, but the PAVN had already abandoned their positions, leaving only a few dozen charred bodies and weapons.[55]
The battle of Hill 875 had cost 2-503 87 killed, 130 wounded, and three missing. 4-503 suffered 28 killed 123 wounded, and four missing.
1968-1971
The intense fighting during the Battle of Dak To took a heavy human toll on the 173rd. While several of its units, including the 2-503rd and A/3-319th were ordered to
In mid-1968 at the instigation of II Corps commander General
The unit then served in An Khê until mid-1969, seeing little in the way of heavy fighting. From April 1969 until its withdrawal from South Vietnam in 1971, the brigade served in Bình Định Province.
After widely publicized reports by battalion commander Lt. Col. Anthony Herbert, investigators confirmed that military interrogators of the 173rd Airborne Brigade "repeatedly beat prisoners, tortured them with electric shocks and forced water down their throats".[63] A U.S. Army report detailed a pattern of "cruelty and maltreatment" between March 1968 and October 1969. Interrogators also employed a technique called the "water rag", which involved pouring water onto a rag covering the captive's nose and mouth, which creates the sensatation of drowning and can lead to death by asphyxiation.[63] Herbert was relieved of his command shortly after reporting to his superior the war crimes he had witnessed. A former counterintelligence officer gave a statement under oath that "he saw interrogators punch and kick prisoners, beat them with sticks, administer electrical shocks and urinate on them."[63]
Redeployment and inactivation 1971–72
From April until August 1971, the unit underwent the process of redeployment to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the first time that the 173rd Airborne Brigade in name had returned to the United States since 1942.[5]
After Vietnam, the Army retained the 173rd Airborne Brigade as a quick deploying contingency brigade.
Reactivation and preparation for Iraq
In the late 1990s, Army leaders including General Eric Shinseki began shifting the Army force toward brigade centered operations. All separate brigades had been inactivated in the 1990s as part of the U.S. Army's drawdown following the end of the Cold War.[65] These inactivations, along with subsequent reorganization of U.S. Army divisions, saw several divisional brigades stationed in bases that were far from the division's headquarters and support units. These brigades had difficulty operating without support from higher headquarters.[65]
It was Shinseki's idea to reactivate a few separate brigades and assign them their own support and sustainment units, which would allow them to function independently of division-level headquarters. These formations were termed "
In 2002, 2nd Battalion,
In 2003, as preparations were being made for
The 173rd Airborne Brigade was made part of
Operation Iraqi Freedom I
On 26 March 2003, 954 soldiers of the 173rd Airborne Brigade conducted
The next day, American forces advanced to
After the end of major combat operations in mid-2003, the 173rd Airborne Brigade did not engage in any major battles, though it was regularly involved in skirmishes with Iraqi insurgents.
Afghanistan, 2005–06
The 173rd Airborne Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in March 2005 under the command of Colonel Kevin Owens, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.[3][24] The brigade, organized as Task Force Bayonet, assumed control of Regional Command-South (RC South).
The 1-508th (minus Company B) conducted combat operations in eastern Afghanistan, attached to 1st Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division. The 2-503rd conducted combat operations in Zabul Province. The 3rd Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment (3-319th) of the 82nd Airborne Division, was attached to the brigade and organized as a maneuver task force (Task Force Gun Devil). It conducted combat operations in Kandahar Province. Task Force Gun Devil included Headquarters and Service Battery, 3-319th (including two provisional maneuver platoons); Company D, 2–504th; Company B, 1–508th; Company A, 1-325th; a military police platoon (4th PLT 13th MP Co.); a rotating Romanian mechanized infantry battalion; a Canadian dismounted infantry company (3rd Bn Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry); and an Afghan National Army company advised by French special forces. The 173rd Support Battalion and the 173rd Combat Support Company provided logistical support from Kandahar, while sending individual soldiers to assist at other forward operating bases.
One of the most notable units to operate out of a FOB was the brigade's 74th Long-Range Surveillance (LRS) detachment. 74th LRS operated out of FOB Price near the town of Gereshk in the Helmand Province. LRS provided the 173rd Brigade command group with key recon and intel of the province, and held control of Helmand with a 5th Special Forces Group ODA element. Assisting the LRS and 5th Group ODA were elements of the 82nd Airborne, Iowa National Guard, and ANA. The LRS detachment and 5th Group ODA conducted many combined and individual operations to ensure the stability of the region. The LRS detachment was also tasked at times for recon and intel gathering for other brigade assets, and target acquisition and designation for U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, and RAF aircraft.[93] The brigade returned to Italy in March 2006. Seventeen soldiers from the brigade died during this deployment.[6]
Transformation
On 11 October 2006, as part of the Army's "
Afghanistan, 2007–08
In 2006, the brigade was notified for a second tour of duty in Iraq from 2007 to 2008, but its deployment plan was changed to Afghanistan in February 2007 when the
The 173rd participated in various operations with the objective of ensuring security and subduing
On 14 June 2009, the 173rd IBCT(A) was announced as one of the brigade combat teams deploying to Afghanistan, and the unit prepared to once again return.[103]
Afghanistan, 2009–10
From November 2009 until November 2010, the 173rd IBCT(A) once again returned to Afghanistan, this time to the provinces of
Afghanistan, 2012–13
In July 2012, the 173rd IBCT(A) once again deployed to Afghanistan as part of Task Force Bayonet to relieve the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division, Task Force Bulldog in the Logar and Wardak Provinces.[3] This was the brigade's fifth deployment since 2003, their fourth to Afghanistan as they prepare for a complete transition of the security of Afghanistan to the Afghan National Security Forces.[104] The brigade returned in early 2013. Nine soldiers from the brigade lost their lives during the deployment.[citation needed]
In mid-2013, some of the returning forces reorganized and re-designated the 173rd Airborne Brigade.
Operation Atlantic Resolve
On 23 April 2014, four paratrooper companies of the 173rd were deployed to Poland,
In September 2014, about 200 soldiers of 2nd Battalion, 503rd Airborne Regiment, 173rd BDE participated in the Rapid Trident exercise near Lviv in western Ukraine.[106]
In February 2015, 750 soldiers from the brigade and from units of the
In March 2015, a 173rd Airborne battalion of around 600 American paratroopers headed to Ukraine to train Ukrainian national guard troops. The training took place at the Yavoriv training center near the western Ukrainian city of Lviv. The 173rd Airborne paratroopers trained the Ukrainians on how to better defend themselves against Russian and rebel artillery and rockets. Training also included securing roads, bridges, and other infrastructure and treating and evacuating casualties.[108] This program was known as Fearless Guardian which was congressionally approved under the Global Contingency Security Fund. Under the program, the United States trained three battalions of Ukrainian troops over a six-month period.[109]
In 2017, some 600 personnel (1st Squadron, 91st Cavalry Regiment) were deployed to the Baltic countries to be positioned in Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia for six weeks to coincide with the duration of the joint Russian/Belarusian strategic
In November 2017, 2-503rd Infantry Regiment (The Rock) traveled in US Air Force C-130s to Belgrade, Serbia to conduct training with the Serbian Airborne Forces where they conducted two combined jumps at drop zones near Belgrade.
Planned ambush uncovered
A paratrooper in the 173rd Airborne Brigade's Sky Soldiers, assigned to the
NATO Training exercise incident in Bulgaria
In May 2021, as part of the NATO training exercise Swift Response 2021, soldiers of the brigade were simulating seizing and securing the decommissioned Cheshnegirovo airfield in Bulgaria. During this operation multiple buildings belonging to the airfield were secured. Soldiers accidentally entered and secured a sunflower oil factory next to the airfield while it was operating. No weapons were discharged. The army apologized and promised to improve their procedures for defining training areas.[119]
Honors
Unit decorations
Ribbon | Award | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Presidential Unit Citation (Army)
|
1967 | for fighting in the Battle of Dak To | |
Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) | 1965–67 | for service in Vietnam | |
Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm
|
1965–70 | for service in Vietnam | |
Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal , First Class
|
1969–71 | for service in Vietnam | |
Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) | 2003–04 | [120] |
Campaign streamers
Conflict | Streamer | Year(s) |
---|---|---|
World War I | (no inscription) | 1918 |
World War II | Rhineland Campaign
|
1944–1945 |
World War II | Ardennes-Alsace Campaign
|
1944–1945 |
World War II | Central Europe Campaign
|
1945 |
Vietnam War | Vietnam Defense | 1965 |
Vietnam War | Counteroffensive, Phase I | 1965–1966 |
Vietnam War | Counteroffensive, Phase II | 1966–1967 |
Vietnam War | Counteroffensive, Phase III | 1967–1968 |
Vietnam War | Tet Counteroffensive | 1968 |
Vietnam War | Counteroffensive, Phase IV | 1968 |
Vietnam War | Counteroffensive, Phase V | 1968 |
Vietnam War | Counteroffensive, Phase VI | 1968–1969 |
Vietnam War | Tet 69/Counteroffensive | 1969 |
Vietnam War | Summer–Fall 1969 | 1969 |
Vietnam War | Winter–Spring 1970 | 1970 |
Vietnam War | Sanctuary Counteroffensive | 1970 |
Vietnam War | Counteroffensive, Phase VII | 1970–1971 |
Vietnam War | Consolidation I | 1970 |
Operation Iraqi Freedom OIF I | Iraq | 2003–2004 |
Operation Enduring Freedom OEF VI | Afghanistan | 2005–2006 |
Operation Enduring Freedom OEF VIII | Afghanistan | 2007–2008 |
Operation Enduring Freedom OEF X | Afghanistan | 2009–2010 |
Operation Enduring Freedom OEF XIII | Afghanistan | 2012–2013 |
Legacy
The 173rd's service, particularly in Vietnam, has been featured several times in popular culture. The most prominent of these is the 2006 single released by the country music duo
Illinois Route 173, which runs for 66 miles along the Illinois/Wisconsin border was designated the "173rd Airborne Brigade Highway" in 2008.[122]
Numerous servicemen from the 173rd, mostly from the Vietnam era, gained notability after their military careers ended. These include
Sixteen soldiers have been awarded the Medal of Honor for service with the 173rd IBCT(A) and its subordinate units.
Staff Sergeant
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Sources
- Borch, Frederic R. (2004). Judge Advocates In Vietnam: Army Lawyers in Southeast Asia, 1959–1975. University Press of the Pacific. ISBN 978-1-4102-1772-1.
- Degen, E. J.; Gregory Fontenot, David Tohn (2007). On Point: The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Combat Studies Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-16-078196-4.
- "US Sending Around 600 Paratroopers to Ukraine to Train Troops". Fox News. Associated Press. 4 May 2016 [11 February 2015]. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-7322-8237-0.
- McGrath, John J. (2004). The Brigade: A History: Its Organization and Employment in the US Army. Combat Studies Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-4404-4915-4.
- Murphy, Edward F. (2007). Dak To: America's Sky Soldiers in South Vietnam's Central Highlands. New York: Ballantine Books. OCLC 159933550.
- Stanton, Shelby L. (1985). The Rise and Fall of an American Army: U.S. Ground Forces in Vietnam, 1965–1973. New York: Dell. OCLC 1020242666.
- Tucker, Spencer C. (2000). Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-402-1.
- Wilson, John B. (2001). Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. University Press of the Pacific. ISBN 978-0-89875-498-8.
External links
- Official website
- 173rd Airborne Brigade Association Website
- 173rd Airborne Brigade Lineage and Honors Certificate
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-1 (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-5A (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-1OA (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-13A (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-17A (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-18A (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-19A (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-22A (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film STAFF FILM REPORT 66-25A (1966) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- Vanity Fair article from Spring '08 focusing on 2–503 in Afghanistan, "Into The Valley of Death"
- New York Times article from Spring '08 focusing on 2–503 in Afghanistan, "Battle Company Is Out There"
- "173rd Airborne Brigade – History". U.S. Army. Archived from the originalon 23 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.