1747

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1747 (MDCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1747th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 747th year of the 2nd millennium, the 47th year of the 18th century, and the 8th year of the 1740s decade. As of the start of 1747, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

• venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital
  .
• February 11 – King George's War: A combined French and Indian force, commanded by Captain Nicolas Antoine II Coulon de Villiers, attacks and defeats British troops at Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia.
• March 7 – Juan de Arechederra the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, combines his forces with those of Sultan Azim ud-Din I of Sulu to suppress the rebellion of the Moros in the Visayas.^[1]
• March 19 – Simon Fraser, the 79-year old Scottish Lord Lovat, is convicted of high treason for being one of the leaders of the Jacobite rising of 1745 against King George II of Great Britain and attempting to place the pretender Charles Edward Stuart on the throne.^[2] After a seven day trial of impeachment in the House of Lords and the verdict of guilt, Fraser is sentenced on the same day to be hanged, drawn and quartered; King George alters Fraser's punishment to beheading, which is carried out publicly on April 9.

April–June

• high treason. He was the last person in Britain
  to be beheaded, although beheading would not be formally abolished until more than 200 years later.
• First battle of Cape Finisterre
  : The British Navy defeats a French fleet.
• Emperor Sakuramachi
  .
• June 24–October 14 – The English ships Dobbs galley and California, under Captains William Moore and Francis Smith, explore Hudson Bay, discovering there is no Northwest Passage by this route.

July–September

• July 2 – War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Lauffeld: France defeats the combined armies of Hanover, Great Britain and the Netherlands.
• August 15 – Great Britain, Russia and the Dutch Republic sign the Convention of Saint Petersburg (1747).
• Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
  and serves until 1750.
• September 13 – The Netherlands city of Bergen op Zoom falls to the Army of France after a 70 day siege during the War of the Austrian Succession.^[3]
• September 21 – A hurricane in the Caribbean Sea sinks 11 British ships^{[dubious – discuss]}, most of them off the coast of Saint Kitts.

October–December

• loya jirga) vote to make Ahmad Shah Durrani their leader in Afghanistan and beginning the Durrani Empire
  .
• October 21 – King George II transfers Thomas Herring, Archbishop of York, to become the new Archbishop of Canterbury, three days after the death of John Potter
• October 24 – A Caribbean Sea hurricane sweeps across Saint Kitts, sinking 12 British freighters and one from France.^[4]
• Second battle of Cape Finisterre
  : The British Navy again defeats a French fleet.
• November 9 – Rioters in Amsterdam demand governmental reform.^[5]
• November 17–19 – The Knowles Riot breaks out in Boston, Massachusetts, protesting impressment into the British Royal Navy, .
• Second Stadtholderless period: Prince William IV of Orange becomes stadtholder of all the United Provinces
  .
• December 7 – Benjamin Franklin forms the Pennsylvania Associators, the first militia in the colony of Pennsylvania, which had no standing militia because of its foundation by pacifistic Quakers.^[6]
• Annapolis for the West Indies and encounters a hurricane. With its masts and rigging torn away, the ship drifts for six months before finally ending up at the island of Tiree off the coast of Scotland^[7]
• December 27 – The Parliament of Great Britain amends its Naturalisation Act of 1740 to extend recognition to all non-Anglican Protestant denominations in its colonies.^[8]

Date unknown

• James Lind's experiment begins to prove that citrus fruits prevent scurvy.
• Royal Colony of North Carolina, during what becomes known as the Spanish Alarm
  . They are later driven out by the local militia.
• Samuel Johnson begins work on A Dictionary of the English Language in London.

Births

• horologist, inventor (d. 1823
  )
• January 15 – John Aikin, English doctor and writer (d. 1822)^[9]
• January 19 – Johann Elert Bode, German astronomer (d. 1826)
• February 21 – Eugenio Espejo, Ecuadorian scientist (d. 1795)
• February 28 – Justin Morgan, American horse breeder and composer (d. 1798)

• May 5 – Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1792)^[10]
• Orangist (d. 1799
  )
• June 23 – Michele Troja, Italian physician (d. 1827)
• July 2 – Rose Bertin, French fashion designer (d. 1813)
• July 6 – John Paul Jones, American naval captain (d. 1792)^[11]
• September 9 – Thomas Coke, first American Methodist Bishop (d. 1814)
• October 8 – Jean-François Rewbell, French politician (d. 1807)
• September 12 – Caleb Brewster, Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (d. 1827)
• December 12 – Anna Seward, English writer (d. 1809)^[12]
• December 31 – Gottfried August Bürger, German poet (d. 1794)
• date unknown
  • François Tourte, French musical instrument maker (d. 1835)
  • Francis Salvador, American patriot (d. 1776)
  • Anne Pépin, Senegalese Signara (d. 1837)
  • Grigory Shelikhov, Russian merchant (d. 1795)

Deaths

• January 2 – Lord George Graham, Royal Navy officer and MP (b. 1715)
• January 16 – Barthold Heinrich Brockes, German poet (b. 1680)^[13]
• January 26 – Willem van Mieris, Dutch painter (b. 1662)
• Margravine Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, German noble (b. 1713
  )
• March 14 – Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg, German aristocrat and general (b. 1661)
• Catherine II of Russia (b. 1690
  )
• Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (b. 1675
  )
• April 2 – Johann Jacob Dillenius, German botanist (b. 1684)
• April 3 – Francesco Solimena, Italian painter (b. 1657)
• April 7 – Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian field marshal (b. 1676)
• April 9 – Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish clan chief (b. c. 1667)
• April 14 – Jean-Frédéric Osterwald, Swiss Protestant pastor (b. 1663)
• May 9 – John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish soldier and diplomat (b. 1673)
• May 28 – Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues, French writer (b. 1715)^[14]
• Andrei Osterman, Russian statesman (b. 1686
  )
• June 8 – Alan Brodrick, 2nd Viscount Midleton, English cricketer (b. 1702)
• lady in waiting (b. 1693
  )

• June 19
  • Nader Shah, Persian leader (b. 1688)
  • Alessandro Marcello, Italian composer (b. 1669)
• July 9 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (b. 1670)^[15]
• October 7 – Giulia Lama, Italian painter (b. 1681)^[16]
• October 9 – David Brainerd, American missionary (b. 1718)
• John Potter, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. c. 1674
  )
• October 4 – Amaro Pargo, Spanish corsair (b. 1678)
• November 17 – Alain-René Lesage, French writer (b. 1668)^[17]
• December 2 – Vincent Bourne, English classical scholar (b. 1695)

See also

• List of 1747 Holy Roman Empire incumbents

References