1797 French legislative election

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1797 French legislative election
← 1795 21 March – 2 April 1797 1798 →
One-third of the seats in the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Elders
  First party Second party
 
Party
Constitutional monarchists
 Republicans
Seats won 182 34
President of the Council of Five Hundred
before election

Pierre-Antoine Lalloy

 Elected
President of the Council of Five Hundred

Jean-Charles Pichegru

Legislative elections were held in France between 21 March and 2 April 1797 to elect one-third of the members of the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients, the lower and upper houses of the legislature, which were under the Directory

Background

Following the events of the

Conspiracy of Equals, the Jacobins and Montagnards lost their majority in the house, due to their support of François-Noël Babeuf. This led to a massive pro-Royalist push in the country, which increased with the impending end to the War of the First Coalition.[1]

Though the Royalists disagreed on who they would want to see as the proper pretender to the throne, they did in-fact agree that legally being elected would be the only means which they would re-establish the monarchy. Then, they would call for the dissolution of the Directory, but see the recreation of the

Quiberon Expedition. The 'Constitutionalists' (later known as the Liberals or Doctrinaires) favoured a constitutional monarchy in addition to supporting individual rights and property in addition to freedoms and fair elections. The constitutionalists later began meeting at the 'Clichy Club', hence the new name, in addition to their nickname, the 'Clichyens'.[2][3]

Results

The elections saw royalists gain a supermajority, beyond what had been expected. The 260 newly elected members consisted of 182 constitutional monarchists, 34 republicans (of which 16 were left-wing republicans) and 44 whose position was unclear.[4] Only 11 of the 216 outgoing members who stood for re-election were re-elected.[4] The republicans included two new Jacobins, Joseph Bonaparte and Jean-Baptiste Jourdan. In addition to the nearly 200 new seats taken by the pro-royalists, there were around 100 other royalist deputies already present and more than 130 other deputies likely to accept a constitutional monarchy.[5]

Aftermath

Less than six months after the election, fearing a return to the monarchy, the Coup of 18 Fructidor removed all those accused of being "pro-Monarchist" or those who had supported those deputies. According to most historians, the coup marked the beginning of the "Second Directory period" which is described as the "Authoritarian Directory".[6][7]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Woronoff, pp. 65–66.
  2. ^ le Bozec, p. 93
  3. ^ Woronoff, p. 69
  4. ^ a b Soboul, pp. 43–44
  5. ^ Tulard, p. 27
  6. ^ Woronoff, p. 73
  7. ^ le Bozec, p. 97

References

  • le Bozec, Christine (2014). La Première République, 1792 – 1799. Paris, France: Éditions Perrin.
    OCLC 871312113
    .
  • Soboul, Albert (1967). "2. Les élections de l'an V et la réaction.". Le Directoire et le consulat 1795-1804 [The Directory and the consulate 1795-1804] (in French). Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Tulard, Jean (1991). Le Directory et le Consulat. History of Socialism in France. France: Presses Universitaires de France.
    OCLC 802676216
    .
  • Woronoff, Denis (2004). La République bourgeoise de Thermidor à Brumaire 1794-1799. France: Éditions du Seuil.
    OCLC 1191043797
    .
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