1822 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1822 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

• George IV
• Prime Minister – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (Tory)
• Foreign Secretary – Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (until 18 August) George Canning (from 13 September)
• Home Secretary – Lord Sidmouth (until 17 January) Robert Peel (from 17 January)

Events

• 3 January – Seaton Delaval Hall in Northumberland is gutted by fire.^[1]
• 15 January –
  HM Coast Guard.^[2]
• 23 May – HMS Comet launched at Deptford Dockyard, the first steamboat commissioned by the Royal Navy.
• 18 June – The Wellington Monument is inaugurated close to the Duke's London residence Apsley House on the seventh anniversary of his victory at Waterloo.
• 3 July – Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a "difference engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions. Construction of an operational version will proceed under Government sponsorship 1823–32 but it will never be completed.^[3]
• 8 July – the Chippewa turn over a huge tract of land in Ontario to the British.^[4]
• 19 July –
  public house in London. He breaks bail and flees England. In October, an ecclesiastical court deprives him of office.^[5]
• 22 July – an Act to Prevent the Cruel and Improper Treatment of Cattle ("Martin's Act"), one of the first pieces of animal rights legislation,^[6] is passed to regulate treatment of cows, horses and sheep.
• 31 July – last public whipping in Edinburgh.
• 12 August
  • The Foreign Secretary Lord Castlereagh cuts his own throat at his house in Kent.
  • St David's College (the modern-day
    Bishop of St David's
    .
• 15–29 August –
  visit of King George IV to Scotland,^[7]
  first appearance of the monarch there since 1651.
• 22 August – English ship Orion lands at Yerba Buena, later named
  William A. Richardson
• 16 September – George Canning is appointed Foreign Secretary to replace Castlereagh.
• 21 September – HMS Confiance, a Royal Navy Cruizer-class brig-sloop of 1813, is wrecked off Mizen Head in Ireland with the loss of all 100 aboard.^[8]
• 24 September – the Prime Minister, Lord Liverpool, marries, as his second wife, Mary Chester, at Hampton Court.^[9]
• 20 October – The New Observer newspaper becomes The Sunday Times.^[10]
• 20 October – The
  Duke of Wellington represents Britain at the Congress of Verona
  .
• 23–24 October – the Caledonian Canal, engineered by Thomas Telford, is opened throughout, linking the east and west coasts of Scotland through the Great Glen.^[11]
• 27 November – outside Newgate Prison in London, William Reading becomes the last person to be hanged for shoplifting.^[12]

Unknown dates

• Egyptian hieroglyphs are deciphered by Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion using the Rosetta Stone
  .
• A fossil Iguanodon tooth is discovered by Gideon Mantell and his wife Mary in West Sussex; in 1825 it will be the first fossil to be recognised as that of a dinosaur.^[13]
• The Royal Academy of Music is established in London.
• Construction of the Royal Pavilion in Brighton is completed.
• Stonemason John Mowlem establishes the contracting firm Mowlem.

Publications

• Alexander Jamieson's A Celestial Atlas.
• John C. Loudon's The Encyclopædia of Gardening.
• Sir Walter Scott's novels The Pirate and The Fortunes of Nigel.

Births

• 10 February – Eliza Lynn Linton, English novelist and journalist (died 1898)
• 13 February – James B. Beck, Scottish-born United States Senator from Kentucky from 1877 to 1890 (died 1890 in the United States)
• 16 February – Sir Francis Galton, English explorer and biologist (died 1911)
• 8 April – stillborn twin sons to the
  Duke of Clarence and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen^[14]
• 19 April – Edward Oxford, English attempted assassin of Queen Victoria (died 1900)
• 18 July –
  Augusta of Cambridge
  , Hanoverian princess (died 1916)
• 1 November – Sir Sydney Waterlow, English businessman, politician and philanthropist (died 1906)
• 6 December – Mary Colton, Australian philanthropist and suffragist (died 1898)^[15]
• 24 December – Matthew Arnold, English poet (died 1888)

Deaths

• 15 January – John Aikin, physician and writer (born 1747)
• 24 February – Thomas Coutts, banker (born 1735)
• 8 March – Christopher Wyvill, cleric, landowner and political reformer (born 1740)
• 17 June – Marquess of Hertford, politician and courtier (born 1743)
• 8 July – Percy Bysshe Shelley, poet (born 1792)
• 23 July – Peter Durand, merchant (born 1766)
• 12 August – Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Foreign Secretary (suicide) (born 1769)
• 25 August – William Herschel, astronomer (born 1738 in Hanover)

References