1843 Guadeloupe earthquake

Coordinates: 16°30′N 62°12′W / 16.5°N 62.2°W / 16.5; -62.2
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1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
1843 Guadeloupe earthquake is located in Middle America
1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date8 February 1843
Local time10:37 AM
Magnitude8.5 Muk  (est.)[2]
Epicenter16°30′N 62°12′W / 16.5°N 62.2°W / 16.5; -62.2[1]
Max. intensityMMI IX (Violent)
Tsunami1.2 meters
Casualties1,500–5,000

The 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake occurred at 10:37 local time on 8 February in the island of

Mercalli intensity scale.[2] The earthquake was felt widely throughout the Caribbean and as far away as New York.[3] Around 1,500 to 5,000 people were killed.[2][1]

Tectonic setting

The Lesser Antilles are an

destructive plate boundary where the North American Plate is being subducted beneath the Caribbean Plate at a rate of about 2 cm per year. Historical earthquakes in this region include large megathrust earthquakes on the plate interface, such as those in 1839 and 1843, and smaller intraplate earthquakes within the arc itself, associated with oblique convergence on the plate boundary.[2]

Earthquake

The magnitude of this megathrust earthquake was calculated in the range 7.5–8.0 by Bernard & Lambert in 1988. This was reassessed in 2011 by Feuillet and others, giving an 8.5 magnitude.[2] Later work by Hough in 2013, taking account of reports of the earthquake from the US, supported a magnitude of at least 8.5 for this event.[3]

Damage

In Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre suffered severe damage with a maximum of 8–900 houses being destroyed of the 1,222 that existed before the earthquake.[4] The earthquake was quickly followed by fires that caused further destruction.[5]

The island of Antigua was also badly affected, with all churches and mills throughout the island reported destroyed. Forty deaths were reported. Damage was also reported from Montserrat, with six casualties.[5]

Tsunami

On Antigua, a rise in sea level by 1.2 meters was interpreted as run-up from the tsunami triggered by the quake. A wharf on the southeast part of the island sank and took on an "undulating appearance".[6]

See also

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
    . Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  2. ^
    S2CID 51826757
    .
  3. ^
    S2CID 128458643
    .
  4. ^ Deville, Charles (1843). Tremblement de terre à la Guadeloupe le 8 février 1843 (in French). Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe (published July 1843). p. 52.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1-108-05435-5
    .
  6. doi:10.1785/BSSA0540020785
    .
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