1858 in science
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The year 1858 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Archaeology
- In Rhind papyrus is found (named for Alexander Henry Rhind, the discoverer); it is sometimes called the Ahmes papyrus for the scribe who wrote it around 1650 BC.
Astronomy
- Donati's Comet, the first comet to be photographed, is discovered by Giovanni Battista Donation 2 June and remains visible for several months afterwards.
Biology
- William Herschel initiates fingerprinting as a means of identification, in Bengal.[1]
- Rudolf Virchow publishes Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre: 20 Vorlesungen, gehalten während der Monate Februar, März und April 1858 im Pathologischen Institut zu Berlin.
- George Bentham's Handbook of the British flora is published. This will be in use (in editions edited by Joseph Dalton Hooker) for a century.
Evolution
- Publication of Darwin's theory:
- June 18 – Charles Darwin receives papers from Alfred Russel Wallace setting out the latter's theory of natural selection which he forwards to Charles Lyell.
- July 1 – Darwin and Wallace's papers on their theories of evolution, On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection (submitted with the support of Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker) are read by John Joseph Bennett to a meeting of the Linnean Society of London. They are first published on August 20.
Exploration
- February 13 – Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke become the first Europeans to discover Lake Tanganyika.[2]
- May 14 – Dr Second Zambesi Expedition, under the patronage of the Royal Geographical Society, arrives at the African coast with the prefabricated iron paddle steamer Ma Robert.[3]
- August 3 – John Hanning Speke discovers River Nile.[2]
Mathematics
- The
- Arthur Cayley publishes "A memoir on the theory of matrices", introducing the modern concept of the matrix in mathematics.[7][8][9]
Medicine
- August 2 – Medical Act 1858 passed "to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery" in the United Kingdom.
- First publication of Gray's Anatomy.
- Publication in London of Thomas B. Peacock's On Malformations, &c., of the Human Heart, with original cases which becomes a standard cardiology textbook.[10]
- French pediatrician Eugène Bouchut develops a new technique for non-surgical orotracheal intubation to bypass laryngeal obstruction resulting from a diphtheria-related pseudomembrane.[11]
Psychiatry
- First treatise on postpartum psychiatric disturbances, by Louis-Victor Marcé, MD.[12]
Technology
- January 31 – I. K. Brunel's SS Great Eastern, the largest ship built to date, is launched on the River Thames using Tangye hydraulic rams.[13]
- August – The first moored balloon in France using the collodion process.[14]
- Hoffmann kiln patented in Germany by Friedrich Hoffmann for continuous production brickmaking.
Awards
Births
- January 2 – neurologist.
- January 9 – botanist.
- January 28 – Eugène Dubois (died 1940), Dutch paleoanthropologist.
- February 7 – Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate (died 1931), Dutch anthropologist.
- March 18 – mechanical engineer.
- March 27 – Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer (died 1945), German physician and bacteriologist.
- April 23 – Max Planck (died 1947), German theoretical physicist.
- May 19 – Thomas Allinson (died 1918), English physician and dietetic reformer.
- May 28 – T. H. E. C. Espin (died 1934), English astronomer, scientist and clergyman.
- July 9 – Franz Boas (died 1942), German-born anthropologist.
- August 11 – physiologist.
- August 19 – horticulturist.
- August 27 – Giuseppe Peano (died 1932), Italian mathematician.
- October 4 – .
- November 1 – astronomer.
- November 30 – Bengaliphysicist.
- Laura Forster (died 1917), Australian physician.
Deaths
- April 28 – physiologist.
- June 10 – botanist.
- June 28 – Jane Marcet (born 1769), British popular science writer.
- November 8 – mathematician.
- December 10 – Joseph Paul Gaimard (born 1793), French naval surgeon and naturalist.
- December 16 – Richard Bright (born 1789), English physician.
- date unknown – Amelia Griffiths (born 1768), British phycologist.
References
- ISBN 978-1-104-66225-7. Archived(PDF) from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
- ^ "The Zambesi Expedition". Livingstone Online. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ISBN 978-1-56025-826-1.
- ISSN 0028-1050.
- ^ Rodley, Chris, ed. (1997). Lynch on Lynch. London. p. 231.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 978-1-108-00507-4. archive.
- ^ Dieudonné, Jean, ed. (1978). "III". Abrégé d'histoire des mathématiques 1700-1900. Vol. 1. Paris: Hermann. p. 96.
- ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- PMID 4865659. Archived from the originalon 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
- ^ Bouchut, E. (1858). "D'une nouvelle méthode de traitement du croup par le tubage du larynx" [On a new method of treatment for croup by larynx intubation]. Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale de Médecine (in French). 23: 1160–2. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- S2CID 8551341.
- ^ "ss Great Eastern". Brunel 200. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
- ^ "Brief history of aerial photography". www.findaerialphotography.com. 2007. Retrieved 2015-01-02.
- ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020.