1906 Nobel Prize in Literature
1906 Nobel Prize in Literature | |
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Giosuè Carducci | |
Date |
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Location | Stockholm, Sweden |
Presented by | Swedish Academy |
First awarded | 1901 |
Website | Official website |
The 1906 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Italian poet Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907) "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces."[1] He was the first Italian author to receive the prize and was followed by Grazia Deledda in 1926.[2]
Laureate
Carducci started composing poetry while he was young, influenced by both the poets of his own time and those he had studied in the ancient and Italian periods. Rime ("Rhymes", 1857) was his debut book of poetry. In his active life he became an
Deliberations
Nominations
Carducci was nominated on 9 occasions starting in 1902 by Antonio Fogazzaro, an Italian Senator and author. In 1906, he received four nominations from academics and writers which eventually led him to becoming the year's recipient.[6]
The Nobel Committee of the
The authors
No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
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1 | Max Bewer[a] (1861–1921) | Germany | poetry, songwriting, essays |
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2 | Gaston Boissier (1823–1908)
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France | history, essays, translation | Jacobus Johannes Hartman (1851–1924) |
3 | William Booth[b] (1829–1912) | Great Britain | theology, essays, songwriting | Otto Classen (1868–1939)[c] |
4 | Borden Parker Bowne[d] (1847–1910) | United States | philosophy, theology, essays |
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5 | Georg Brandes (1842–1927) | Denmark | literary criticism, essays | Troels Frederik Lund (1840–1921)[f] |
6 | Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907) | Italy | poetry, literary criticism, biography, essays |
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7 | Houston Stewart Chamberlain[g] (1855–1927) | Great Britain Germany |
philosophy | Leopold von Schroeder (1851–1920) |
8 | Angelo de Gubernatis (1840–1913) | Italy | drama, essays, philology, poetry |
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9 | Pedro Pablo Figueroa (1857–1909) | Chile | history, biography, essays | Leonardo Eliz y Las Rosas (1861–1939)[h] |
10 | Antonio Fogazzaro (1842–1911) | Italy | novel, poetry, short story | Carl Bildt (1850–1931)[i] |
11 | Louis Franck (1868–1937) | Belgium | law | Ernest Nys (1851–1920) |
12 | Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1946) | Germany | drama, novel | 35 German and Austrian professors and members of societies[j] |
13 | Max Haushofer[k] (1840–1907) | Germany | poetry, drama, short story, essays | Emil Milan (1859–1917)[l] |
14 | Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940) | Sweden | novel, short story |
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15 | George Meredith (1828–1909) | Great Britain | novel, poetry | John Collier (1850–1934) |
16 | John Morley (1838–1923) | Great Britain | biography, literary criticism, essays | John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury (1858–1929) |
17 | Lewis Morris (1833–1907) | Great Britain | poetry, songwriting, essays |
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18 | William Jonathan Neidig[m][d] (1870–1955) | United States | poetry, short story, essays | Henry Burrowes Lathrop (1867–1936) |
19 | George Lansing Raymond[n][d] (1839–1929) | United States | essays, philosophy |
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20 | Albert Sorel (1842–1906) | France | history, essays |
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21 | Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) | Great Britain | poetry, drama, literary criticism, novel | 35 members of the Society of Authors |
22 | Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910) | Russia | novel, short story, drama, poetry | Ludovic Halévy (1837–1908) |
23 | Jaroslav Vrchlický (1853–1912) | Austria-Hungary ( Czechoslovakia) |
poetry, drama, translation |
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24 | Joseph Viktor Widmann[o] (1842–1911) | Switzerland | novel, short story, drama, literary criticism |
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Prize decision
For 1906, the committee's shortlist only consisted of Leo Tolstoy and Giosuè Carducci.[citation needed] During the deliberations, the chair of the committee Carl David af Wirsén had ordered for the copy of Tolstoy's recent works for assessment, but Tolstoy wrote a letter to one of the friends of the Nobel Committee member stating his lack of interest in the Nobel Prize.[citation needed] With that decision, the Swedish Academy voted unanimously for Carducci, a rare occasion by the Academy.[9] The decision to award Carducci is considered one of the least controversial in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He was the first and remain one of the few laureates who got all of the delivered votes from the members of the Swedish Academy.[9]
Award ceremony
Due to Carducci's declining health, he was not able to receive the prize personally in Stockholm. Instead, the Swedish ambassador in Italy received it on his behalf.[10]
Notes
- ^ Bewer: Germanisch-religiöser Dichter ("Germanic Religious Poet")[8]
- ^ Booth: In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890)[8]
- ^ This nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because Classen was found to be ineligible.
- ^ a b c B. P. Bowne, W. Neidig and G. L. Raymond were the first three nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature from United States.
- ^ Miss Caroline Borden is the sister of Borden Parker Bowne.
- ^ The nomination was made by Troels Frederik Troels-Lund and 17 other members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
- ^ Chamberlain: "for his work on Immanuel Kant."[8]
- ^ This nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel Committee because Eliz was found to be ineligible.
- ^ Carl Bildt nominated Antonio Fogazzaro if Giosué Carducci could not receive the Prize.
- ^ The nomination was made by 35 German and Austrian professors and members of societies authorized to nominate a candidate for the Nobel Prize.
- ^ Haushofer: Die Verbannten ("The Banned")[8]
- ^ This nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because Milan was found to be ineligible.
- ^ Neidig: The First Wardens and Other Poems (1901)[8]
- ^ Lansing Raymond: The Essentials of Aesthetics (1906)[8]
- ^ Widmann: Der Heilige und die Thiere ("The Saint and the Animals", 1905) and Maikäferkomödie ("May Beetle's Comedy")[8]
References
- ^ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906 nobelprize.org
- ^ "Giosue Carducci | Italian poet". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
- ^ Giosuè Carducci – Facts nobelprize.org
- ^ "Inside the secret conversion of Italy's Christopher Hitchens". Crux. 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
- ^ Giosuè Carducci britannica.com
- ^ Nomination archive – Giosuè Carducci nobelprize.org
- ^ Nomination archive – 1906 nobelprize.org
- ^ ISBN 9789113010076. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ a b Helmer Lång Hundra nobelpris i litteratur 1901-2001, Symposion 2001, p.50
- ^ 1906 Award ceremony nobelprize.org
External links
- Award ceremony speech by C.D. af Wirsén nobelprize.org