1911 in science
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1911 in science |
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The year 1911 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- June 28 – The Alexandria, Egypt, purportedly killing a dog.[1]
Conservation
- May 19 – Department of the Interior.
- July 7 – The United States, Russia, the United Kingdom and Japan, meeting in Washington, D.C., sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911, prohibiting open-water seal hunting of the endangered fur seal in the North Pacific Ocean,[2] the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation issues. In the next six years, the seal population increases by 30%.[3]
Geology
- January 3 – 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 moment magnitude strikes near Almaty in Russian Turkestan.[4]
Exploration
- July 24 – American explorer Inca citadel of Machu Picchu, Peru, and introduces it to the world.
- December 14 – Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and a team of four become the first people to reach the South Pole.
Mathematics
- Robert Remak's doctoral dissertation Über die Zerlegung der endlichen Gruppen in indirekte unzerlegbare Faktoren establishes that any two decompositions of a finite group into a direct product are related by a central automorphism.
- Traian Lalescu publishes Introduction to the Theory of Integral Equations, the first ever monograph on the subject of integral equations.
Medicine
- Eugen Bleuler expands on his definition of schizophrenia as a condition distinct from Dementia praecox, in Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien.[5][6][7]
Physics
- April 8 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers the phenomenon of superconductivity.[8]
- June 24–30 – cosmic rayscannot be originated by the Earth's crust.
- October – The first Solvay Congress of physicists convenes.
- Geiger–Marsden experiment and derives the Rutherford cross section by deducing the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from scattering experiments. He proposes the Rutherford model of the atom and demonstrates that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding modelis incorrect.
- Charles Wilson finishes a sophisticated cloud chamber.
Psychology
- The geometrical-optical illusion, is first demonstrated by Italian psychologist Mario Ponzo.[9]
Technology
- January 18 – Eugene Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania anchored in San Francisco Bay, the first aircraft landingon a ship.
- June 5 – starter motor.[10]
- November 4 – MS Selandia, the first large ocean-going diesel ship, is launched in Denmark; Ivar Knudsen is the diesel engineer. The 1909-launched Dutch diesel tanker Vulcanus also enters service this year.
- John Joseph Rawlings files a United Kingdom patent for a wall plug.[11]
- The Lewis automatic light machine gun is invented by United States Army Colonel Isaac Newton Lewis, based on initial work by Samuel Maclean.[12]
Other events
- March–May – A serialized version of Frederick Winslow Taylor's monograph, The Principles of Scientific Management Archived 2009-02-25 at the Wayback Machine appears in The American Magazine, boosting the efficiency movement.
Awards
Births
- January 26 – Polykarp Kusch (died 1993), German-born molecular physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- February 14 – Willem Johan Kolff (died 2009), Dutch inventor of hemodialysis.
- March 26 – Bernard Katz (died 2003), German-born biophysicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- April 3 – organ transplant surgery.
- April 6 – Feodor Lynen (died 1979), German biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- April 8 – Melvin Calvin (died 1997), American biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- April 16 – botanist.
- April 18 – Maurice Goldhaber (died 2011), Austrian-born physicist.
- May 22 – Anatol Rapoport (died 2007), Russian-born mathematical psychologist.
- June 13 – Luis Alvarez (died 1988), American experimental physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- June 25 – William Howard Stein (died 1980), American biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- July 3 – electrical engineer.
- July 4 – solid-state physicist.
- July 5 – biochemical evolution.
- July 9 – theoretical physicist.
- August 9 – William A. Fowler (died 1995), American nuclear and astrophysicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- August 29 – orthopaedic surgeon.
- September 29 – R. V. Jones (died 1997), English physicist, expert in electronic military defence.
- October 5 – ecologist.
- November 27 – pediatrician and National Scientist of the Philippines.
- December 14 – Hans von Ohain (died 1998), German aeronautical engineer.
- December 23 – Niels Kaj Jerne (died 1994), English-born Danish immunologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Deaths
- January 17 – Sir Francis Galton (born 1822), English explorer and biologist.
- February 15 – Theodor Escherich (born 1857), German-born pediatric bacteriologist.
- March 1 – Jacobus van 't Hoff (born 1852), Dutch chemist.
- May 21 – Williamina Fleming (born 1857), American astronomer.[14]
- May 24 – neurologist.
- June 26 – Signe Häggman (born 1863), Finnish pioneer of physical education of disabled people.
- December 2 – geodesist, astronomer, geographer, surveyor and engineer in the United States.
- December 10 – botanist.
- December 13 (O.S. November 30) – Nikolay Beketov (born 1827), Russian chemist.
References
- ^ "The Nakhla Meteorite". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ "Seal Treaty Signed". The New York Times. 1911-07-08.
- ^ Oda, Shigeru (1989). International Control of Sea Resources. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 76.
- Pittsburgh Press. 5 January 1911. p. 1.
- S2CID 25457004. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- Whonamedit?. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ Zilboorg, Gregory (1941). A History of Medical Psychology. New York: Norton.
- .
- ^ Ponzo, M. (1911). "Intorno ad alcune illusioni nel campo delle sensazioni tattili sull'illusione di Aristotele e fenomeni analoghi". Archives Italiennes de Biologie.
- ^ No. 1,150,523.
- ^ "Rawlplug History". Rawlplug. 2007. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
- ISBN 0-949749-42-7.
- ^ "BBC – History – Marie Curie". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-81604-639-3.