1912
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ROC 1 民國1年 | |
Nanakshahi calendar | 444 |
Thai solar calendar | 2454–2455 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴金猪年 (female Iron-Pig) 2038 or 1657 or 885 — to — 阳水鼠年 (male Water-Rat) 2039 or 1658 or 886 |
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1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1912th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 912th year of the 2nd millennium, the 12th year of the 20th century, and the 3rd year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1912, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
This year is notable for the sinking of the Titanic, which occurred on April 15th.
Events
January
- Republic of China is established.[1]
- January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens.[2]
- January 6
- German geophysicist Alfred Wegener first presents his theory of continental drift.[3]
- U.S. State.[4]
- January 8 – The African National Congress is founded as the South African Native National Congress, at the Waaihoek Wesleyan Church in Bloemfontein, to promote improved rights for black South Africans, with John Langalibalele Dube as its first president.
- 21 January.
- January 17 – British polar explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott and a team of four become the second expeditionary group to reach the South Pole.
- . The Deustcher Werkbund played a significant role in the development of modern industrial design in Germany.
- BolshevikParty break away from the rest of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
- January 22 – The Overseas Railroad officially opens with Henry Flagler, its owner, arriving on the first train to Key West, Florida, to a cheering crowd of 10,000.
- January 23 – The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague to restrict exports.
February
- February 12 – The Manchu Qing dynasty of China comes to an end after 268 years with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor Puyi in favour of the Republic of China.
- February 14 – Arizona is admitted as the 48th state.
- February 24 – Battle of Beirut: Italy makes a surprise attack on the Ottoman port of Beirut, when the cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi and the gunboat Volturno bombard the harbour, killing 97 sailors and civilians.
- February 29 – Serbia and Bulgaria secretly sign a treaty of alliance for a term of eight years, with each pledging to come to the defense of the other during war.
March
- March 1 – Albert Berry is reported to have made the first parachute jump from a flying airplane.
- March 6 – Italian forces become the first to use airships in war as two dirigibles drop bombs on Turkish troops encamped at Janzur, from an altitude of 6,000 feet.[5]
- Hobart, Tasmania, announces his success in reaching the South Polethe previous December.
- March 12 – The Girl Scouts of the USA is founded by Juliette Gordon Low, in Savannah, Georgia.
- March 16 – Lawrence Oates, dying member of Scott's South Pole expedition, leaves the tent saying, "I am just going outside and may be some time."
- British India.
- cherry treesto be planted in Washington, D.C., to symbolize the friendship between Japan and the United States.
- March 29 (probable date) – Robert Falcon Scott and the remaining members of his South Pole expedition die.
- March 30 – The French Third Republic establishes the French protectorate in Morocco by the Treaty of Fes with Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco.
April
- April 1 – A partial lunar eclipse takes place, the first of two lunar eclipses this year. It is the 61st lunar eclipse of the 111th Saros cycle, which started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on June 10, 830 AD and will conclude with another penumbral lunar eclipse on July 19, 2092.
- RMS Titanic departs from Southampton, England, with more than 2,200 passengers and crew on her maiden voyage, bound for New York.
- RMS Titanic makes her last call, at Queenstownin Ireland.
- State of Sao Paulo.[7]
- April 16 – Harriet Quimby becomes the first woman to fly across the English Channel.
- April 17
- Lena massacre: Russian troops kill or wound 500 striking gold miners in Siberia.
- A hybrid solar eclipse is the 30th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 137.
- RMS Titanicsurvivors.
- April 20
- Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts opens.
- Yogindranath Tagore founds Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School in West Bengal, India.
- April 24 – English association football club Barnsley win the FA Cup.
- Universal Studiosas the Universal Film and Manufacturing Company in the United States.
May
- `Abdu'l-Bahá lays the cornerstone for the Bahá'í House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois.
- May 5 – The Olympic Games open in Stockholm, Sweden.
- May 11 – Alaska becomes a territory of the United States.
- May 13 – In the United Kingdom, the Royal Flying Corps (forerunner of the Royal Air Force) is established.
- May 23 – The Hamburg America Line's SS Imperator is launched in Hamburg and is the world's largest ship.
- May 30 – Pioneer aviator Wilbur Wright (of the Wright brothers) dies of typhoid fever in Dayton, Ohio.
June
- VEI6 eruption (the largest in the 20th century).
- June 30 – Canada's deadliest tornado strikes Regina, Saskatchewan killing 28 people.
July
- crashes, killing both Quimby and her passenger.
- July 12 – The United States release of Sarah Bernhardt's film Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth is influential in the development of the movie feature. Adolph Zukor, who incorporates Paramount Pictures on May 8, 1914, launches his company as the distributor. Paramount celebrates its centennial in 2012.
- Taishō period.
August
- August 1 – The Jungfrau Railway is inaugurated with the opening of the subterranean Jungfraujoch railway station in the Bernese Oberland of Switzerland, Europe's highest at 3,450 metres (11,320 ft) above sea level.[8]
- U.S. Marines land from the USS Annapolis in Nicaragua, to support the conservative government at its request.[9]
- August 12 – Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco abdicates.
- Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)earns his rank.
- August 29 – A typhoon strikes China, killing at least 50,000 people.[10]
September
- Albanian Revolt of 1912.
- September 28 – W. C. Handy publishes "The Memphis Blues" in the United States.
October
- October 8 – The First Balkan War begins: Montenegro declares war against the Ottoman Empire.
- October 10 – The Maternity Allowance Act goes into effect in Australia, but excludes minorities.
- John Flammang Schrank attempts to assassinate Theodore Roosevelt in Milwaukee.
- October 16 – Bulgarian pilots Radul Minkov and Prodan Toprakchiev perform the second bombing with an airplane in history, at the railway station of Karaagac near Edirne, against Turkey.
- October 17 – Krupp engineers Benno Strauss and Eduard Maurer patent austenitic stainless steel.[11]
- October 18 – Italy and the Ottoman Empire sign a treaty in Ouchy near Lausanne, ending the Italo-Turkish War.
- October 24 – First Balkan War: Battle of Kumanovo – Serbian forces defeat the Ottoman army in Vardar Macedonia.
- October
- The All-Story.
- Sax Rohmer's character Fu Manchu first appears in the first story of The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu in English pulp magazine The Story-Teller.
November
- November 5 – 1912 United States presidential election: New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson wins over former president Theodore Roosevelt and incumbent president William Howard Taft.
- crystal lattice, creating the field of x-ray crystallography, and making possible the eventual imaging of the double helix of DNA.[13]
- November 25 – Românul de la Pind, the longest-running newspaper by and about Aromanians until World War II, ceases publication.[14]
- November 28 – Albania declares independence from the Ottoman Empire.
December
- Greece) sign an armistice with the Ottoman Empire at Çatalca, temporarily halting the First Balkan War after 2 months. (The armistice will expire on February 3, 1913, and hostilities will resume.)[15]
- December 18 – Piltdown Man, thought to be the fossilized skull of a hitherto unknown form of early human, is presented to the Geological Society of London (it is revealed to be a hoax in 1953).
Date unknown
- vitamins.
- Chief Commissioner's Province of Assam (Northeast Frontier Province).[17]
- The Scoville Unit (used to measure the heat of peppers) is devised and tested by Wilbur Scoville.
- Wilfrid Voynich discovers the eponymous manuscript in the Villa Mondragone.
- The Government College of Technology, Rasulis established in the Punjab.
- Ludwig von Mises publishes his foundational The Theory of Money and Credit in the original German.
- Articulated trams are invented and first used by the Boston Elevated Railway.[18]
Births
January
- January 1
- Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)
- Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Syrian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Syria (d. 1980)
- January 3 – Armand Lohikoski, Finnish director (d. 2005)
- January 5 – Gilbert Ralston, British-American screenwriter, television producer (d. 1999)
- January 6
- Jacques Ellul, French philosopher (d. 1994)
- Danny Thomas, American actor, comedian (d. 1991)
- January 7
- Charles Addams, American cartoonist (d. 1988)
- Ivan Yakubovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1976)
- January 8
- José Ferrer, Puerto Rican actor (d. 1992)
- Lawrence E. Walsh, American jurist (d. 2014)
- January 9 – Basil Langton, English actor, authority on the stage works of George Bernard Shaw (d. 2003)
- January 10
- Jessie Lichauco, Cuban-born Filipino-American philanthropist (d. 2021)
- Maria Mandl, Austrian concentration camp guard and war criminal (d. 1948)
- Reinholds Robots, Latvian footballer (d. - )
- Islamic scholar (d. 1988)
- January 12 – Paul Birch, American actor (d. 1969)
- January 15 – Michel Debré, 99th Prime Minister of France (d. 1996)
- January 19 – Leonid Kantorovich, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- January 21 – Konrad Emil Bloch, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2000)
- January 23 – Susan French, American actress (d. 2003)
- January 27
- Marc Daniels, American television director (d. 1989)
- Arne Næss, Norwegian philosopher (d. 2009)
- Francis Rogallo, American aeronautical engineer (d. 2009)
- January 28 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (d. 1956)
- January 30
- Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
- Barbara Tuchman, American historian (d. 1989)
- Francis Schaeffer, American Evangelical theologian, philosopher, and Presbyterian pastor (d. 1984)
- January 31
- Camilo Ponce Enríquez, 30th President of Ecuador (d. 1976)
- Infanta Maria Adelaide of Portugal, Portuguese royal (d. 2012)
February
- February 2
- Sinking of the RMS Titanic (d. 2009)
- February 3 – Lynn Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player, executive (d. 1980)
- February 4
- Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian conductor (d. 1993)
- Byron Nelson, American golfer (d. 2006)
- February 6 – Eva Braun, Adolf Hitler's wife (d. 1945)
- February 7 – Roberta McCain, American socialite and oil heiress; mother of U.S. Senator John McCain (d. 2020)
- February 11 – Roy Fuller, English poet, novelist (d. 1991)
- February 14 – Juan Pujol García, Spanish Catalan double agent (d. 1988)
- February 19 – Ursula Torday, British writer (d. 1997)
- February 20 – Pierre Boulle, French author (d. 1994)
- February 27 – Lawrence Durrell, British writer (d. 1990)
- February 28 – Bertil, Swedish prince, Duke of Halland (d. 1997)
- February 29 – Kamil Tolon, Turkish businessperson (d. 1978)
March
- March 1 – Boris Chertok, Polish-born Russian rocket designer (d. 2011)
- March 3 – Wally Cassell, Italian-born American actor (d. 2015)
- March 4
- Afro Basaldella, Italian painter (d. 1976)
- Judith Furse, British character actress (d. 1974)
- Carl Marzani, American documentarian (d. 1994)
- March 5
- David Astor, British newspaper publisher (d. 2001)
- Jack Marshall, 28th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1988)
- March 8 – Joachim Schepke, German submarine commander (d. 1941)
- March 9 – Francis Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, 8th Baron Thurlow, British peer and diplomat (d. 2013)
- March 12 – Irving Layton, Canadian poet (d. 2006)
- March 13 – Charles Schepens, Belgian-American ophthalmologist (d. 2006)
- March 14
- Les Brown, American band leader (d. 2001)
- W. Graham Claytor Jr., American railroad executive (d. 1994)
- W. Willard Wirtz, American administrator (d. 2010)
- March 15 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (d. 1982)
- March 16 – Pat Nixon, First Lady of the United States (d. 1993)
- March 17 – Bayard Rustin, African-American civil rights activist (d. 1987)
- March 18
- Lucien Laurin, Canadian horse trainer (d. 2000)
- Art Gilmore, American radio, television announcer (d. 2010)
- March 19
- Adolf Galland, German general, World War II fighter ace (d. 1996)
- William Frankland, British immunologist (d. 2020)
- March 20 – Ralph Hauenstein, American philanthropist and businessman (d. 2016)
- March 22
- Karl Malden, American actor (d. 2009)
- Alfred Schwarzmann, German artistic gymnast (d. 2000)
- March 23 – Wernher von Braun, German-born American physicist, engineer (d. 1977)
- March 24 – Dorothy Height, American civil rights activist (d. 2010)
- March 25 – Jean Vilar, French stage actor (d. 1971)
- March 27 – James Callaghan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
- March 29 – Hanna Reitsch, German aviator (d. 1979)
- March 31 – William Lederer, American writer (d. 2009)
April
- Herbert Mills, American singer, "Mills Brothers" tenor (d. 1989)
- April 4 – Joie Chitwood, American racecar driver and businessman (d. 1988)
- April 5 – John Le Mesurier, British actor (d. 1983)
- April 7 – Jack Lawrence, American composer (d. 2009)
- April 8
- Alois Brunner, Austrian captain (d. 2001)
- Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater (d. 1969)
- April 10
- Houston Astrodome (d. 1982)
- Boris Kidrič, 1st Prime Minister of Slovenia (d. 1953)
- April 11 – Gusti Wolf, Austrian actress (d. 2007)
- April 12
- Sultan of Yogyakarta and 2nd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)
- Oswaldo Louzada, Brazilian actor (d. 2008)
- Walt Gorney, American actor (d. 2004)
- April 13 – William J. Tuttle, American makeup artist (d. 2007)
- April 14
- Joie Chitwood, American race at driver (d. 1988)[19]
- Robert Doisneau, French photographer (d. 1994)
- April 15 – Kim Il Sung, President of North Korea (d. 1994)
- April 16
- David Langton, British actor (d. 1994)
- Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (d. 1997)
- April 17 – Marta Eggerth, Hungarian-born American actress, singer (d. 2013)
- April 19 – Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
- April 22
- Kathleen Ferrier, British contralto (d. 1953)
- Kaneto Shindō, Japanese film director (d. 2012)
- April 26 – A. E. van Vogt, Canadian-born writer (d. 2000)
- April 27 – Zohra Sehgal, Indian stage, film actress (d. 2014)
- Odette Sansom, French World War II heroine (d. 1995)
May
- May 1
- Winthrop Rockefeller, American politician and philanthropist (d. 1973)
- Otto Kretschmer, German submarine commander, Bundesmarine admiral (d. 1998)
- May 2
- Axel Springer, German journalist, founder and owner of Axel Springer AG (d. 1985)
- Marten Toonder, Dutch comic creator (d. 2005)
- May 3
- Virgil Fox, American organist (d. 1980)
- John Bryan Ward-Perkins, British archaeologist (d. 1981)
- May 5 – Judd L. Teller, author, historian, writer, poet (d. 1972)
- May 6 – Bill Quinn, American actor (d. 1994)
- May 8
- Dagny Carlsson, Swedish blogger (d. 2022)
- Ptolemy Reid, 2nd Prime Minister of Guyana (d. 2003)
- May 9 – Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican actor (d. 1963)
- May 11 – Foster Brooks, American actor, comedian (d. 2001)
- May 12 – Mayavaram V. R. Govindaraja Pillai, Carnatic violinist from Tamil Nadu, Southern India (d. 1979)
- May 16 – Studs Terkel, American writer, broadcaster (d. 2008)
- May 17
- Archibald Cox, American Watergate special prosecutor (d. 2004)
- Ace Parker, American baseball, football player (d. 2013)
- May 18
- Perry Como, American singer (d. 2001)
- Walter Sisulu, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 2003)
- May 20 – Edgar Bischoff, Romanian-born French composer (d. 1995)
- May 21
- Monty Stratton, American baseball player (d. 1982)
- Akiva Vroman, Dutch-born Israeli geologist, Israel Prize recipient (d. 1989)
- May 22 – Herbert C. Brown, English-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
- May 23
- Betty Astell, British actress (d. 2005)
- Jean Françaix, French composer (d. 1997)
- John Payne, American actor (d. 1989)
- May 25 – Princess Deokhye of Korea (d. 1989)
- May 26
- János Kádár, Hungarian Communist politician (d. 1989)
- Jay Silverheels, native American actor (The Lone Ranger) (d. 1980)
- May 27
- John Cheever, American novelist, short story writer (d. 1982)
- Cedric Phatudi, Chief Minister of Lebowa bantustan (d. 1987)
- Sam Snead, American golfer (d. 2002)
- May 28
- Herman Johannes, Indonesian professor, scientist and politician (d. 1992)
- Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- May 29 – Pamela Hansford Johnson, English poet, novelist, playwright, literary and social critic (d. 1981)
- May 30
- Julius Axelrod, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- Joseph Stein, American librettist (d. 2010)
- May 31
- Alfred Deller, English countertenor (d. 1979)
- Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson, American politician (d. 1983)
June
- June 4 – Robert Jacobsen, Danish artist (d. 1993)
- June 5 – Dean Amadon, American ornithologist (d. 2003)
- June 6 – Maria Montez, Dominican actress (d. 1951)
- June 8
- Harry Holtzman, American artist (d. 1987)
- Walter Kennedy, American NBA commissioner (d. 1977)
- June 9 – Philip Simmons, American ornamental ironworker (d. 2009)
- June 11
- Phạm Hùng, Vietnamese prime minister (d. 1988)
- Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, 2nd Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (d. 1990)
- June 12 – Russell Hayden, American actor (d. 1981)
- Communist fighter in the Spanish Civil War. (d.1961)
- June 16 – Enoch Powell, British politician (d. 1998)
- June 21 – Kazimierz Leski, Polish engineer, fighter pilot, intelligence and counter-intelligence officer (d. 2000)
- June 22 – Raymonde Allain, French model, actress (d. 2008)
- June 23
- Samson Kisekka, Ugandan politician (d. 1999)[20]
- Alan Turing, British mathematician (d. 1954)
- June 24 – Mary Wesley, English novelist (d. 2002)
- June 25
- Carvalho Leite, Brazilian football (soccer) player (d. 2004)
- William T. Cahill, American politician (d. 1996)
- June 26
- Roxy Atkins, Canadian hurdler (d. 2002)
- Jan Falkowski, Polish fighter ace (d. 2001)
- June 27
- E. R. Braithwaite, Guyanese novelist, writer, teacher, and diplomat (d. 2016)
- Wilbur Jackett, Canadian scholar, public servant, jurist, and the first chief justice of the Federal Court of Canada (d. 2005)
- June 28 – Glenn Morris, American Olympic athlete (d. 1974)[21]
- June 29 – Émile Peynaud, French oenologist, researcher (d. 2004)
- June 30
- María Luisa Dehesa Gómez Farías, Mexican architect (d. 2009)
- Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (d. 2003)
July
- July 1
- Ulla Barding-Poulsen, Danish fencer (d. 2000)
- David R. Brower, American environmentalist (d. 2000)
- Pinhas Scheinman, Israeli politician (d. 1999)
- Sally Kirkland, American fashion editor (d. 1989)
- July 2 – Edwin L. Mechem, American politician (d. 2002)
- July 3 – John Buchan Ross, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2009)
- July 4 – Said Akl, Lebanese poet, philosopher, writer, playwright and language reformer (d. 2014)
- July 6
- Molly Yard, American feminist (d. 2005)
- Heinrich Harrer, Austrian mountaineer, explorer (d. 2006)
- July 7
- Robert Cornog, American physicist and engineer (d. 1998)
- Gérard Lecointe, French general (d. 2009)
- July 8 – Christel Goltz, German operatic soprano (d. 2008)
- July 9 – Editta Sherman, Italian-American photographer (d. 2013)
- July 11 – Peta Taylor, English cricketer (d. 1989)
- July 12
- Petar Stambolić, Yugoslav communist politician (d. 2007)
- Felix Zwolanowski, German international footballer (d. 1998)
- July 13 – Suzanne Haïk-Vantoura, French organist, music teacher, composer and music theorist (d. 2000)
- July 14
- Eben Bartlett, American military officer and politician (d. 1983)
- Woody Guthrie, American folk music singer, songwriter, and musician, best known for his song This Land Is Your Land (d. 1967)
- July 15
- Helen Roberts, English singer, actress (d. 2010)
- Aleksandar Goldštajn, Croatian university professor, law scholar, writer and constitutional court judge (d. 2010)
- July 16
- Amy Patterson, Argentine composer, singer, poet, and teacher (d. 2019)
- Ben Bril, Dutch boxer (d. 2003)
- July 17
- Irene Manning, American actress and singer (d. 2004)
- Art Linkletter, American radio and television host, best known as the host of House Party (d. 2010)
- July 18
- Leonid Chulkov, Soviet Navy Leader, Vice Admiral (d. 2016)
- Max Rousié, French rugby footballer (d. 1959)
- July 19 – Peter Leo Gerety, American Catholic prelate (d. 2016)
- July 20
- Lucette Destouches, French classical dancer (d. 2019)
- Hideo Itokawa, Japanese aircraft designer, rocketry pioneer (d. 1999)
- John Vivian Dacie, British haematologist (d. 2005)
- Jack Durrance, American rock climber, mountaineer (d. 2003)
- July 21 – Mollie Moon, American civil rights activist (d. 1990)
- July 28 – George Cisar, American actor (d. 1979)
- July 31
- Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
- Irv Kupcinet, American newspaper columnist (d. 2003)
August
- August 1
- Frank K. Edmondson, American astronomer (d. 2008)
- Donald Seawell, American theater producer, newspaper publisher (d. 2015)
- August 2 – Palle Huld, Danish actor (d. 2010)
- European Commissioner for Science & Research (d. 2017)
- August 4 – Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish humanitarian (d. 1947)
- August 7 – Võ Chí Công, Vietnamese Communist politician (d. 2011)
- August 9 – Anne Brown, American soprano (d. 2009)
- August 10 – Jorge Amado, Brazilian author (d. 2001)
- August 11 – Norman Levinson, American mathematician (d. 1975)
- August 13
- Ben Hogan, American golfer (d. 1997)
- Salvador Luria, Italian-born biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1991)
- August 15
- Julia Child, American television chef (d. 2004)
- Ustad Amir Khan, Indian classical vocal singer (d. 1974)
- Naoto Tajima, Japanese athlete (d. 1990)
- August 16
- Ted Drake, English footballer (d. 1995)
- Wendy Hiller, English actress (d. 2003)
- August 18 – Otto Ernst Remer, German Wehrmacht officer (d. 1997)
- August 23
- Nelson Rodrigues, Brazilian playwright, journalist and novelist (d. 1980)
- Gene Kelly, American actor, dancer and film director (d. 1996)[22]
- August 25 – Erich Honecker, East German politician (d. 1994)
- August 27
- Gloria Guinness, Mexican-born English fashion icon (d. 1980)
- José Laurel Jr., Filipino politician (d. 1998)
- Son Kitei, Japanese athlete (d. 2002)
- August 30
- Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)[23]
- Nancy Wake, New Zealand-born World War II heroine (d. 2011)
- August 31 – Katsumi Tezuka, Japanese actor (d. unknown)
September
- September 1 – Gwynfor Evans, Welsh politician (d. 2005)
- September 5
- John Cage, American composer (d. 1992)
- Kristina Söderbaum, German actress (d. 2001)
- Frank Thomas (animator), American animator and pianist (d. 2004)
- September 7 – David Packard, American electrical engineer (d. 1996)
- September 10 – Mary Walter, Filipino actress (d. 1993)
- September 14 – Eduard von Falz-Fein, Russian-born art patron (d. 2018)
- September 15
- Antonio Blanco, Spanish American Painter (d. 1999)
- Ismail Yassine, Egyptian comedian, actor (d. 1972)
- September 19
- Kurt Sanderling, German conductor (d. 2011)[24]
- Michael Wright, Hong Kong architect (d. 2018)
- September 21
- Chuck Jones, American animator (Warner Brothers) (d. 2002)
- György Sándor, Hungarian pianist (d. 2005)
- September 22
- Herbert Mataré, German physicist, European co-inventor of the transistor (d. 2011)
- Martha Scott, American actress (d. 2003)
- September 24 – Don Porter, American actor (d. 1997)
- September 27 – Tauno Marttinen, Finnish composer (d. 2008)
- September 29
- Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian film director (d. 2007)
- Lukas Ammann, Swiss actor (d. 2017)
October
- October 1 – Kathleen Ollerenshaw, English mathematician (d. 2014)
- October 4 – Meredith Bordeaux, American politician (d. 2014)
- October 5 – Karl Hass, German Nazi war criminal (d. 2004)
- October 6 – Perkins Bass, American politician (d. 2011)
- October 7 – Fernando Belaúnde, 42nd and 43rd President of Peru (d. 2002)
- October 11 – Fedora Alemán, Venezuelan soprano singer (d. 2018)
- October 12
- Muhammad Shamsul Huq, Bangladeshi academic and Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2006)[25]
- Grigory Kravchenko, Soviet test pilot and air force general (d. 1943)
- October 13 – Cornel Wilde, Hungarian actor, film director (d. 1989)
- October 15 – Nellie Lutcher, American singer (d. 2007)
- October 16 – Clifford Hansen, American politician (d. 2009)
- October 17 – Pope John Paul I, Italian churchman (d. 1978)
- October 18 – Philibert Tsiranana, Prime Minister and President of Madagascar (d. 1978)
- October 21 – Georg Solti, Hungarian conductor (d. 1997)
- October 22
- Johan Hendrik Weidner, Belgian World War II resistance fighter (d. 1994)
- George N. Leighton, American judge (d. 2018)
- October 24 – Murray Golden, American television director (d. 1991)
- October 25 – Minnie Pearl, American humorist (d. 1996)
- October 26 – Ed Reimers, American actor, television announcer (d. 2009)
- October 27 – Conlon Nancarrow, American composer (d. 1997)
- October 28 – Richard Doll, English physiologist, epidemiologist (d. 2005)
- October 30 – Preston Lockwood, English actor/writer (d. 1996)
- October 31 – Ollie Johnston, American animator (d. 2008)
- October 31 – Dale Evans, American singer, actress (d. 2001)
November
- November 3 – Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (d. 2006)
- November 4 – Vadim Salmanov, Russian composer (d. 1978)
- November 6
- George Cakobau, 2nd Governor-General of Fiji (d. 1989)
- Toke Townley, English actor (d. 1984)
- November 8
- June Havoc, Canadian actress (d. 2010)
- Stylianos Pattakos, Greek military officer (d. 2016)
- November 10
- Birdie Tebbetts, American baseball player, manager (d. 1999)
- Jean-Hilaire Aubame, Gabonese politician (d. 1989)
- November 11 – Larry LaPrise, American songwriter (d. 1996)
- November 13 – Claude Pompidou, wife of French President Georges Pompidou (d. 2007)
- November 14
- Barbara Hutton, American socialite (d. 1979)
- T. Y. Lin, Chinese-born civil engineer (d. 2003)
- November 16
- George O. Petrie, American actor (d. 1997)
- W. E. D. Ross, Canadian writer (d. 1995)
- Hilda Pressley, British novelist (d. 1977)
- November 19 – George Emil Palade, Romanian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
- November 20 – Otto von Habsburg, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary in exile (d. 2011)
- November 21 – Eleanor Powell, American actress, dancer (d. 1982)
- November 23
- Virginia Prince, American transgender activist (d. 2009)
- George O'Hanlon, American actor, TV writer (d. 1989)
- Paul Rivière, French Resistance fighter, politician (d. 1998)
- November 24 – Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher (d. 1993)
- November 27 – Connie Sawyer, American actress (d. 2018)
- November 29 – Viola Smith, American drummer (d. 2020)
- November 30
- Hugo del Carril, Argentine film actor, film director and tango singer (d. 1989)
- Gordon Parks, African-American photographer, artist (d. 2006)
- Nihat Erim, Turkish politician, jurist and 30th Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (d. 1980)
December
- December 1
- Billy Raimondi, American baseball player (d. 2010)
- Minoru Yamasaki, Japanese-American architect of the World Trade Center (d. 1986)
- December 2 – Boun Oum, 2-time Prime Minister of Laos (d. 1980)
- December 4 – Pappy Boyington, American pilot, United States Marine Corps fighter ace (d. 1988)
- December 5
- Keisuke Kinoshita, Japanese film director (d. 1998)
- Sonny Boy Williamson II, American blues singer, musician and songwriter (d. 1965)
- December 9 – Blanche Blackwell (née Lindo), Costa Rican-born Jamaican socialite (d. 2017)
- December 10 – Philip Hart, American politician (d. 1976)
- December 11 – Carlo Ponti, Italian film producer (d. 2007)
- December 12
- Henry Armstrong, American boxer (d. 1988)
- René Toribio, Guadeloupean politician (d. 1990)
- December 14
- Alfred Lennon, British merchant seaman, amateur musician and father of John Lennon (d. 1976)
- Milner Baily Schaefer, American fisheries scientist (d. 1970)
- December 17 – Edward Short, British politician (d. 2012)
- December 21 – Jean Conan Doyle, British military officer in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (d. 1997)
- December 22 – Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady of the United States (d. 2007)
- December 24
- Natalino Otto, Italian singer (d. 1969)
- John Henderson, American football player (d. 2020)
- December 26 – Arsenio Lacson, Filipino politician, sportswriter (d. 1962)
- December 27 – Conroy Maddox, British painter (d. 2005)
Date unknown
- Walt Partymiller, American cartoonist (d. 1991)
Deaths
January
- January 3
- Felix Dahn, German writer (b. 1834)
- Robley D. Evans, American admiral (b. 1846)
- January 4 – Clarence Dutton, American geologist (b. 1841)
- January 7 – Sophia Jex-Blake, English physician and feminist (b. 1840)
- January 14 – Samuel Waite Johnson, British railway engineer (b. 1831)
- January 16 – Georg Heym, German writer (b. 1887)
- January 28
- Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (b. 1819)
- Eloy Alfaro, 2-Time President of Ecuador (b. 1842)
- January 29
- Herman Bang, Danish writer (b. 1857)
- Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, Scottish aristocrat and politician (b. 1849)
- January 30 – Luis Cordero Crespo, 14th President of Ecuador (b. 1833)
February
- February 4 – Franz Reichelt, Austrian-born French tailor and inventor (b. 1879)
- February 9 – Hyacinthe Loyson, French preacher and theologian (b. 1827)
- February 10 – Joseph Lister, English surgeon (b. 1827)
- February 11 – Agustín Lizárraga, Peruvian explorer and farmer, discoverer of Machu Picchu (b. 1865)
- February 16 – Nicholas of Japan, Eastern Orthodox monk and saint (b. 1836)
- February 17
- Count Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal, foreign minister (Austria-Hungary) (b. 1854)
- Edgar Evans, Welsh naval officer, member of the Scott expedition to the South Pole (b. 1876)
- February 21 – Osborne Reynolds, Irish physicist (b. 1842)
- February 25 – William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1852)
- February 28
- Henry Hendrickson, United States Navy seaman (b. 1875)
- Bill Storer, English footballer and cricketer (b. 1867)
March
- March 1
- George Grossmith, English actor and comic writer (b. 1847)[26]
- Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1839)[27]
- March 3 – Oskar Enqvist, Russian admiral (b. 1849)
- March 4 – Augusto Aubry, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1849)
- March 17
- Anna Filosofova, Russian feminist activist (b. 1837)
- Lawrence Oates, English army officer, member of the Scott expedition to the South Pole (b. 1880; hypothermia)[28]
- March 22 – Ruggero Oddi, Italian physiologist and anatomist (b. 1864)
- March 29 – Remaining members of the Scott expedition to the South Pole:
- Henry Robertson Bowers, Scottish naval officer (b. 1883)[29]
- Robert Falcon Scott, British naval officer and explorer (b. 1868)[29]
- March 30 – Karl May, German author (b. 1842)[30]
- March 31 – Robert Love Taylor, American congressman, senator and Governor from Tennessee (b. 1850)
April
- April 3 – Calbraith Perry Rodgers, American aviation pioneer, in aircraft accident (b. 1879)
- April 6 – Giovanni Pascoli, Italian poet (b. 1855)
- April 10 – Gabriel Monod, French historian (b. 1844)
- April 12
- Clara Barton, American nurse (b. 1821)
- Frederick Dent Grant, American soldier and statesman (b. 1850)
- Ishikawa Takuboku, Japanese author (b. 1886)
- April 14 – Henri Brisson, French statesman (b. 1835)
- sinking of the RMS Titanic, including:
- Thomas Andrews, Irish shipbuilder (b. 1873)[31]
- John Jacob Astor IV, American businessman (b. 1864)
- Archibald Butt, American presidential aide (b. 1865)
- Thomas Byles, British Catholic priest (b. 1870)
- Jacques Futrelle, American mystery author and journalist (b. 1875)
- Luigi Gatti, Italian-born restaurateur (b. 1875)
- Sidney Leslie Goodwin, English toddler; youngest victim of the Titanic disaster, unidentified until 2007 (b. 1910)
- Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (b. 1865)
- Henry B. Harris, American theater producer (b. 1866)
- Wallace Hartley, English ship's bandleader and violinist (b. 1878)
- Charles Melville Hays, American railroad executive (b. 1856)
- Francis Davis Millet, American painter, sculptor and writer (b. 1846)
- Clarence Moore, American businessman and sportsman (b. 1865)
- William McMaster Murdoch, First Officer of the Titanic (b. 1873)
- Jack Phillips, English ship's senior wireless officer (b. 1887)
- Edward Smith, English ship's captain (b. 1850)
- William Thomas Stead, English campaigning journalist (b. 1849)
- Isidor Straus, German American department store owner (Macy's) and member of United States House of Representatives (b. 1845)
- Ida Straus, German American wife of Isidor Straus (1 of only 5 Titanic first-class female fatalities) (b. 1849)
- John B. Thayer, American businessman and sportsman (b. 1862)
- Frank M. Warren Sr., American businessman (b. 1848)
- George Dunton Widener, American businessman (b. 1861)
- Harry Elkins Widener, American bibliophile, son of George Dunton Widener (b. 1885)
- Henry Tingle Wilde, Chief Officer of the Titanic (b. 1872)
- April 18 – Martha Ripley, American physician and suffragist (b. 1843)
- April 19 – Patricio Escobar, 9th President of Paraguay (b. 1843)
- April 20 – Bram Stoker, Irish writer (Dracula) (b. 1847)
May
- sex chromosomes (b. 1861)
- May 5 – Rafael Pombo, Colombian poet (b. 1833)
- May 14
- Frederik VIII of Denmark (b. 1843)
- August Strindberg, Swedish playwright and painter (b. 1849)
- Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Spanish historian, philologist and literary critic (b. 1856)
- May 21 – Sir Julius Wernher, German-born British businessman and art collector (b. 1850)
- May 25 – Austin Lane Crothers, American politician (b. 1860)
- May 28 – Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, French chemist (b. 1838)
- Wilbur Wright, American aviation pioneer, of typhoid (b. 1867)
June
- June 1 – Philip Orin Parmelee, American aviator, in aircraft accident (b. 1887)
- June 9 – Ion Luca Caragiale, Romanian writer (b. 1852)
- June 10 – Anton Aškerc, Slovene poet (b. 1856)
- June 11 – Léon Dierx, French poet (Les Amants) (b. 1838)
- June 12 – Frédéric Passy, French economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1822)
- June 16 – Thomas Pollock Anshutz, American painter (b. 1851)
- June 24 – Sir George White, British field marshal (b. 1835)
- June 25
- Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Dutch-born British painter, died in Germany (b. 1836)
- Louis-Joseph Antoine, Belgian miner and sect leader
- Hubert Latham, French aviator (b. 1883)
- June 27
- George Bonnor, Australian cricketer (b. 1855)
- Frank Furness, American architect (b. 1839)
- June 30 – Eduardo Blanco, Venezuelan writer and politician (b. 1838)
July
- July 1 – Harriet Quimby, American aviator (b. 1875)
- July 2 – Tom Richardson, English cricketer (b. 1870)
- July 14 – Belle L. Pettigrew, American educator, missionary (b. 1839)
- July 15 – Francisco Lázaro, Portuguese marathon runner (Olympics) (b. 1888)
- July 17 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician (b. 1854)
- July 30
- Emperor Meiji of Japan (b. 1852)
- Juan Gualberto González, 11th President of Paraguay (b. 1851)
- July 31 – Allan Octavian Hume, British civil servant (b. 1829)
August
- August 7 – François-Alphonse Forel, Swiss hydrologist (b. 1841)
- August 8 – Ross Winn, American anarchist writer and publisher (b. 1871)
- August 13 – Jules Massenet, French composer (b. 1842)
- August 20
- William Booth, English founder of the Salvation Army (b. 1829)
- Walter Goodman, English painter, illustrator and author (b. 1838)
September
- September 1 – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, African-British composer (b. 1875)
- September 5 – Arthur MacArthur Jr., U.S. Army general (b. 1845)
- September 6 – Sir Charles John Stanley Gough, British general and Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1832)
- September 7 – Martin Kähler, German theologian (b. 1835)
- September 12 – Pierre-Hector Coullié, Cardinal-Archbishop of Lyon (b. 1829)
- September 13 – Nogi Maresuke, Japanese general (suicide) (b. 1849)
- September 28 – Frederick Richards, British admiral (b. 1833)
- September 30 – Frances Allitsen, English song composer (b. 1848)
October
- October 6
- October 6 – Auguste Beernaert, Belgian statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1829)
- October 6 – Susie King Taylor, African-American army nurse. First nurse of the Black Army (b. 1848)
- October 8 – Wilhelm Kuhe, German composer (b. 1823)
- October 24 – Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian composer (b. 1842)
- 27th Vice President of the United States (b. 1855)
November
- November 1 – Homer Lea, American adventurer and writer (b. 1876)
- November 8 – Dugald Drummond, British railway engineer (b. 1840)
- November 9 – Charlotte A. Gray, British educator and temperance missionary (b. 1844)
- November 10 – Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (b. 1863)
- November 11 – William White Miller, Irish Canadian businessman (b. 1846)
- November 12 – José Canalejas, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1854) (assassinated)
- November 17 – Richard Norman Shaw, British architect (b. 1831)
- November 26 – Patriarch Joachim III of Constantinople (b. 1834)
December
- December 12 – Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, (b. 1821)
- December 13 – Vital Aza, Spanish playwright (b. 1851)
- December 14 – Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis, British explorer and officer (b. 1887)
- Prime Minister of Cape Colony (b. 1834)
- William McKendree Carleton, American poet (b. 1845)
- December 23 – Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (b. 1850)
- December 29 – Philip H. Cooper, American admiral (b. 1844)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Nils Gustaf Dalén[32]
- Chemistry – Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
- Medicine – Alexis Carrel
- Literature – Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
- Peace – Elihu Root
References
- ISBN 9789629371401. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ Robert Service (1985). Lenin, a Political Life: Worlds in collision. Indiana University Press. p. 19.
- S2CID 129316588.
- ^ "New Mexico Art Tells New Mexico History | History: Statehood". online.nmartmuseum.org. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- ^ "Dirigibles in Tripoli War", The New York Times, March 8, 1912
- ^ Lord, Walter (1955). A Night to Remember. New York: Holt.
- ^ "Fundação". Santos Futebol Clube. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ^ Allen, Cecil J. (1958). Switzerland's Amazing Railways. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 141.
- ^ Zissa, Robert F. (July 1984). "Nicaragua, 1912". Leatherneck Magazine. Archived from the original on 2012-10-07. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ "The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
- ^ "ThyssenKrupp Nirosta: History". Archived from the original on September 2, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2007.
- ^ Επίτομη Ιστορία των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων 1912-1913 [Concise History of the Balkan Wars 1912–1913]. Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate. 1987. pp. 119–120.
- ^ To the Cambridge Philosophical Society. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- ISBN 9789734638543.
- ^ Grenville, John A. S. (2001). The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. pp. 49–50.
- PMID 16911722.
- ^ William Cooke Taylor, A Popular History of British India. p. 505
- ^ MBTA (2010). "About the T". MBTA. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ISBN 9781665501446.
- ^ Message, Volumes 55–57. Southern Pub. Association. 1989. p. 8.
- ^ Roberto Quercetani (1964). A World History of Track and Field Athletics, 1864-1964. Oxford University Press. p. 318.
- ^ "Gene Kelly | Biography, Movies, Songs, Singin' in the Rain, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ "E. M. Purcell | American physicist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ William Grimes (2011-09-20). "Kurt Sanderling, Eastern Bloc Conductor, Dies at 98". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-08-27.
- OL 30677644M. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Who's who in the Theatre. Pitman. 1956. p. 1573.
- ^ Magne Njåstad. "Johan Ludvig Holstein". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ISBN 9780199297528.
- ^ OCLC 12976972.
- ^ Simona Block (30 March 2016). "Karl May: Winnetou-Erfinder starb wohl an Bleivergiftung". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ "Thomas Andrews | Irish ship designer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ "These Nobel Prize Winners Weren't Always Noble". National Geographic News. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
Further reading
- Britannica year-book, 1913 (1913) covers 1911 and 1912, global coverage
- Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933 (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 245–68.