1913 Atlantic hurricane season
1913 Atlantic hurricane season | |
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Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | May 5, 1913 |
Last system dissipated | October 30, 1913 |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Four |
• Maximum winds | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 976 mbar (hPa; 28.82 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 10 |
Total storms | 6 |
Hurricanes | 4 |
Total fatalities | 6 |
Total damage | At least $4 million (1913 USD) |
Related articles | |
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The 1913 Atlantic hurricane season was the third consecutive year with a tropical cyclone developing before June. The first system, a tropical depression, developed on May 5 while the last transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 30. Of note, the seventh and eighth cyclones existed simultaneously from August 30 to September 4.
Of the season's ten tropical cyclones, six became tropical storms and four strengthened into hurricanes. Furthermore, none of these strengthened into a major hurricane—Category 3 or higher on the modern-day
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 36,[1] below the 1911–1920 average of 58.7.[2] ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.[1]
Timeline
Systems
Hurricane One
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 21 – June 29 |
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Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 988 mbar (hPa) |
Weather maps and ship data indicate the development of a tropical depression in the southwestern
Impact in Central America and Mexico is unknown. The storm brought heavy rainfall to portions of South Texas. At Montell, 20.6 in (520 mm) of precipitation fell in about 19 hours, while Uvalde observed 8.5 in (220 mm) of rain in approximately 17 hours. The resultant flooding caused considerable damage to lowlands, houses, and stock. Additionally, communication by telegraph and telephone were cut-off for several days and traffic was interrupted due to inundated streets. One person drowned in Montell. Strong winds were also reported, with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) over Central Padre Island. Along the coast, storm surge peaked at 12.7 ft (3.9 m) in Galveston.[3]
Tropical Storm Two
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 14 – August 16 |
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Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); <1008 mbar (hPa) |
A
Tropical Storm Three
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 26 – September 12 |
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Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); <995 mbar (hPa) |
Weather maps and ship data indicated a tropical depression formed near the west coast of Africa on August 26.[3] Early the next day, the system strengthened into a tropical storm. It then tracked westward for several days, threatening the Lesser Antilles before turning north-northwestward on September 3. Eventually, the storm recurved to the northeast before beginning an eastward direction on September 7. The following morning, it peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) – just shy of hurricane status. Thereafter, the cyclone moved northward to northwestward for the next few days. Around 12:00 UTC on September 12, the storm became extratropical while located about 290 mi (470 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland and Labrador.[4]
Hurricane Four
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 30 – September 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 976 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical storm developed about halfway between Bermuda and the
In North Carolina, winds as high as 74 mph (119 km/h) at
Hurricane Five
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 6 – October 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 989 mbar (hPa) |
An extratropical cyclone developed offshore Rhode Island on October 2 and moved southeastward. Eventually, the system curved southwestward and transitioned into a tropical storm on October 6 while situated about 325 mi (523 km) northwest of Bermuda.[3][4] After becoming tropical, the storm continued to move southwestward and approached the Southeastern United States. By October 7, it curved westward and began to intensify. The storm became a Category 1 hurricane around 06:00 UTC on October 8. Peaking with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (121 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 989 mbar (29.2 inHg), the hurricane made landfall near McClellanville, South Carolina, about eight hours later. By the evening of October 8, the cyclone weakened to a tropical storm and fell to tropical depression intensity by late on October 9. Early the following day, it became extratropical and was soon absorbed by a strong cold front over North Carolina.[4]
Although the storm had been a hurricane at landfall, the highest recorded winds in South Carolina were 37 mph (60 km/h). The Georgetown Railway and Light Company and the Home Telephone Company suffered the worst damage. Throughout Georgetown, wires and poles were toppled, which briefly cut-off communications. Fences and trees limbs were also blown down.[3] Heavy rain, peaking at 4.88 in (124 mm), was recorded along the coast of South Carolina.[6] Precipitation led to minor crop damage, totaling approximately $75,000.[3]
Hurricane Six
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 28 – October 30 |
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Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); <992 mbar (hPa) |
The final tropical storm developed in the northwestern Caribbean Sea about 60 mi (97 km) southeast of Banco Chinchorro, Mexico, at 00:00 UTC on October 28. Moving north-northeast, the storm reached Category 1 hurricane intensity about 24 hours after its classification. Around that time, it peaked with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (121 km/h). Around 06:00 UTC on October 29, the system made landfall near Cape San Antonio, Cuba, at the same intensity. After about six hours over Cuba, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm.[4] It transitioned into an extratropical cyclone in present-day Mayabeque Province before being absorbed by a frontal boundary shortly thereafter.[3][4]
Other systems
In addition to the six systems that reached tropical storm status, four other
See also
- 1900–1940 South Pacific cyclone seasons
- 1900–1950 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
- 1910s Australian region cyclone seasons
References
- ^ a b c Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT. Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
- S2CID 1785238. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Christopher W. Landsea; et al. (December 2012). Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ James E. Hudgins (April 2000). Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective (PDF). National Weather Service (Report). Blacksburg, Virginia: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 25. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
- ^ a b Bernard Bunnemeyer (1914). Monthly Weather Review for 1913 (PDF) (Report). United States Weather Bureau. Retrieved September 4, 2015.