1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team
| 1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Conference | Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 9–0 (4–0 SIAA) |
| Head coach |
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| Offensive scheme | Jump shift |
| Captain | Walker Carpenter |
| Home stadium | Grant Field |
Uniform | |
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| Conf | Overall | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Team | W | L | T | W | L | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Georgia Tech $ | 4 | – | 0 | – | 0 | 9 | – | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Auburn | 5 | – | 1 | – | 0 | 6 | – | 2 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clemson | 5 | – | 1 | – | 0 | 6 | – | 2 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Centre | 1 | – | 0 | – | 0 | 7 | – | 1 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mississippi A&M | 3 | – | 1 | – | 0 | 6 | – | 1 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alabama | 3 | – | 1 | – | 1 | 5 | – | 2 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sewanee | 4 | – | 2 | – | 1 | 5 | – | 2 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tulane | 2 | – | 1 | – | 0 | 5 | – | 3 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vanderbilt | 3 | – | 2 | – | 0 | 5 | – | 3 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LSU | 2 | – | 3 | – | 0 | 3 | – | 5 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| South Carolina | 2 | – | 3 | – | 0 | 3 | – | 5 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wofford | 1 | – | 2 | – | 0 | 5 | – | 4 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Furman | 1 | – | 3 | – | 0 | 3 | – | 5 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Florida | 1 | – | 3 | – | 0 | 2 | – | 4 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ole Miss | 1 | – | 4 | – | 0 | 1 | – | 4 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Howard (AL) | 0 | – | 2 | – | 1 | 3 | – | 3 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Citadel | 0 | – | 2 | – | 0 | 3 | – | 3 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mississippi College | 0 | – | 4 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 5 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team
The
Before the season
Because of the American entry into World War I in April, several SIAA schools did not field football teams. However, Georgia Tech had an increasing enrollment and bright prospects for its football team after its undefeated 1916 season.[6] Losses from the previous season's team included guard Bob Lang and fullback Tommy Spence.[7][8][note 2]
In 1917 football used a
Coach John Heisman's swift backfield used the pre-snap movement of his "jump shift" offense,[14] and Al Hill led the team in carries.[15] Ev Strupper, arguably the best of the four,[16] was partially deaf;[17] because of his deafness, he called the signals instead of the team's quarterback.[18] When "Strupe" tried out for the team, he noticed that the quarterback shouted the signals every time he was to carry the ball. Realizing that the loud signals would be a tip-off to the opposition, Strupper told Heisman: "Coach, those loud signals are absolutely unnecessary. You see when sickness in my kid days brought on this deafness my folks gave me the best instructors obtainable to teach me lip-reading."[19] Heisman recalled how Strupper overcame his deafness: "He couldn't hear anything but a regular shout. But he could read your lips like a flash. No lad that ever stepped on a football field had keener eyes than Everett had. The enemy found this out the minute he began looking for openings through which to run the ball."[19]
Joe Guyon, the team's best
Schedule
| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 29 | Furman | W 25–0 | |||
| September 29 | Wake Forest* |
| W 33–0 | ||
| October 6 | Penn* |
| W 41–0 | 10,000 | |
| October 13 | Davidson* |
| W 32–10 | ||
| October 20 | Washington and Lee* |
| W 63–0 | ||
| November 3 | 2:30 p.m. | Vanderbilt |
| W 83–0 | |
| November 10 | Tulane |
| W 48–0 | ||
| November 17 | Carlisle* |
| W 98–0 | ||
| November 29 | Auburn |
| W 68–7 | 20,000 | |
| |||||
Game summaries
Week 1: Furman and Wake Forest
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The Golden Tornado opened its season on September 29 with a doubleheader in three inches of mud.[23]
Furman
In the first game Georgia Tech defeated Furman 25–0, playing mainly substitutes.[6] Hay was spread on the field in an attempt to counteract the steady downpour.[23] Tech quarterback Al Hill scored two touchdowns, and Dan Whelchel (called Walthall)[6] scored a third when he recovered a fumble by Theodore Shaver after crossing the goal line.[6] Although Furman's lineup included future South Carolina Hall-of-Famer Speedy Speer, there was little Speer could do to affect the outcome.[24] Tech's starting lineup was Ulrich (left end), Higgins (left tackle), Whelchel (left guard), Johnson (center), Wright (right guard), Doyle (right tackle), Colcord (right end), Hill (quarterback), Smith (left halfback), Shaver (right halfback), and Harlan (fullback).[6][23]
Wake Forest
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After the Furman game, the rain subsided and Tech defeated the Wake Forest Baptists 33–0.[6] Ev Strupper and Joe Guyon had sat out the previous game.[22] The first touchdown was on the play after Strupper dashed around end for a 17-yard gain;[6] Guyon's first carry from scrimmage for Tech[22] was a 75-yard run.[6]
Strupper scored the second touchdown on a short drive set up by his 40-yard
Week 2: Penn
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In the second week of play, Georgia Tech beat
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Tech baffled Penn by playing conventionally instead of using its regular shift.[26] On its second play from scrimmage less than two minutes into the game Strupper ran around his end, "winding and twisting out of a mass of Red and Blue players" for a 68-yard touchdown.[26] Walker Carpenter brushed two tacklers out of the way,[26] and Strupped side-stepped Penn safety Joe Berry before running the last 30 yards.[33] Tech "scored again in this period before Pennsylvania had recovered from its bewilderment",[25] a touchdown by Hill.[33] For the last score of the half, Strupper made a short run behind guard.[33]
Penn did not have a first down in the first half, as the Tech defense played well.[26] Hill scored a touchdown in the third quarter on a 27-yard run through the line.[33] Penn's only scoring opportunity was in the third quarter.[25] After another Al Hill touchdown and the kickoff return, Penn worked five complete forward passes in quick succession (one 23 yards) to reach Tech's 6-yard line.[26] The Tech defense responded, and Penn turned the ball over on downs.[26] On first down, Carpenter threw Penn back for a 6-yard loss and a pass was incomplete on second down. On third down, Penn's quarterback dropped back to pass Carpenter and William Higgins tackled him[26] on the 25-yard line.[31] On fourth down, Penn came out in a "freak formation" and its pass was incomplete.[26] In the fourth quarter, Judy Harlan had a 65-yard interception return for a touchdown.[26] Tech's starting lineup was Guill (left end), Whelchel (left tackle), Fincher (left guard), Phillips (center), Dowling (right guard), Thweatt (right tackle), Carpenter (right end), Hill (quarterback), Strupper (left halfback), Guyon (right halfback), and Harlan (fullback).[25]
Week 3: Davidson
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The Davidson Wildcats, which scored the most points against Tech (10), included future Tech running back Buck Flowers in his freshman year. Unlike Tech's other 1917 opponents,[31] Davidson held its backs to less than 100 yards rushing. Writer Bernie McCarty considered Davidson the second-best southern team that year.[31]
The game's first score came in the second quarter when Davidson's Buck Flowers converted a 28-yard drop kick[35] field goal for a 3–0 lead.[34] Set up by a 27-yard run around end by Davidson fullback R. C. Burns, Al Hill prevented Burns from scoring a touchdown by tackling him from behind.[35] Strupper and Guyon then worked the ball close to the goal; Strupper was forced out of bounds, and Hill scored a touchdown.[35]
Tech led 6–3 when Strupper broke the game open in the second half.[36] After a fumble by Strupper, Hill caught a pass from the 22-yard line and ran in for a touchdown.[35] Strupper made the next touchdown after Tech ran through Davidson's right guard.[35] Strupper then recovered a punt fumbled by Flowers on Davidson's 30-yard line, leading to a score by Hill from 18 yards out on a criss-cross run.[35] Davidson scored its only touchdown on a forward pass. From midfield, quarterback Henry Spann hit end Georgie King on a 50-yard touchdown pass that went 30 yards in the air, catching Tech by surprise.[35] For Tech's last score, Judy Harlan returned an interception 40 yards for a touchdown.[35]
The defense of Walker Carpenter and William Thweatt was the game's highlight.
Week 4: Washington and Lee
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In a 63–0 victory against the Washington and Lee Generals, Tech made 35 first downs to Washington and Lee's five.[39] At the time, it was the Generals' worst loss.[39] According to Judy Harlan, Joe Guyon knocked a Washington and Lee player out of the game by "wearing an old horse collar shaped into a shoulder pad but reinforced with a little steel".[21] The player may have been Turner Bethel, who was knocked out of the game and taken to a local hospital.[39]
"The game was never in doubt after 'Strup' got away for his first long run", a 35-yarder followed a few minutes later by his 16-yard touchdown run.[40] Although Strupper only played in the first half because of a leg injury, he gained 128 yards in addition to scoring the touchdown. Al Hill scored four touchdowns, Guyon three, and Pup Phillips also had one with a 30-yard interception return.[41] Tech's starting lineup was Ulrich (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Whelchel (left guard), Phillips (center), Dowling (right guard), Carpenter (right tackle), Bell (right end), Hill (quarterback), Strupper (left halfback), Guyon (right halfback), and Harlan (fullback).[39]
Week 5: Vanderbilt
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Tech's 83–0 defeat of the Vanderbilt Commodores was the worst in Vanderbilt history. "It was not until 1917 that a Southern team really avenged long-time torment at McGugin's hands. And it took one of history's top backfields–Joe Guyon, Ev Strupper, Al Hill, and Judy Harlan of Georgia Tech–to do it," writes Edwin Pope.[43] The team was not the Commodores' worst, and had defeated Alabama.
Joe Guyon was the game's star; according to Morgan Blake, "Guyon has been great in all games this year. But Saturday he was the superman".[41] Guyon ran nine times for 124 yards, with kick returns for 95 yards and 80 yards passing.[41] He scored on 48- and one-yard runs, had a 75-yard kick return to set up a touchdown, and threw a pass to Shorty Guill for a score.[44] Ev Strupper ran for four touchdowns and 147 yards in 14 carries, returning five punts for 111 yards.[44] Al Hill ran 169 yards in 25 carries, scoring three touchdowns,[44] and Judy Harlan carried 15 times for 132 yards and two touchdowns.[44]
Vanderbilt captain Alf Adams praised the Tech team: "Tech's magnificent machine won easily over Vanderbilt. It was simply the matter of a splendid eleven winning over an unseasoned, inexperienced team. Tech played hard, clean football, and we were somewhat surprised to meet such a fair, aggressive team, after the reports we had heard. I think that Vanderbilt could have broken that Tech shift if we had had last year's eleven. Being outweighed, Vanderbilt could not check the heavy forwards, or open up the line. Thereby hangs the tale."[42] Tech's starting lineup was Guill (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Whelchel (left guard), Phillips (center), Dowling (right guard), Carpenter (right tackle), Bell (right end), Hill (quarterback), Strupper (left halfback), Guyon (right halfback), and Harlan (fullback).[42]
Week 6: at Tulane
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Tech played coach
Week 7: Carlisle
|
In a 98–0 win against the Carlisle Indians, Strupper's performance was praised. Morgan Blake of the Atlanta Journal wrote, "Everett Strupper played like a veritable demon. At one time four Carlisle men pounced on him from all directions, and yet through some superhuman witchery he broke loose and dashed 10 yards further. On another occasion he attempted a wide end run, found that he was completely blocked, then suddenly whirled and ran the other way, gaining something like 25 yards before he was downed."[47]
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Hill and Strupper each scored five touchdowns;[47] Shorty Guill had two touchdowns and 108 yards rushing.[47] Billy Sunday wrote, "That jump shift is about the slickest offense I ever saw."[47] One of Strupper's touchdowns was a 32-yard fumble return.[47] This was Carlisle's last season before the school closed.[48] Guyon asked to be substituted midway through the game against his former school, perhaps for sentimental reasons.[47] Tech's starting lineup was Fincher (left end), Higgins (left tackle), Whelchel (left guard), Phillips (center), Dowling (right guard), Carpenter (right tackle), Bell (right end), Hill (quarterback), Strupper (left halfback), Guyon (right halfback), and Guill (fullback).[46]
Week 8: Auburn
|
In the season's final game, Tech defeated the
In the game with Auburn, Tech piled up 472 yards on the ground in 84 rushes and 145 yards in the air.[47] Guyon scored four touchdowns,[47] and Strupper had a 65-yard touchdown run. According to the Atlanta Journal,
It was not the length of the run that featured it was the brilliance of it. After getting through the first line, Stroop was tackled squarely by two secondary men, and yet he squirmed and jerked loosed from them, only to face the safety man and another Tiger, coming at him from different angles. Without checking his speed Everett knifed the two men completely, running between them and dashing on to a touchdown.[47]
In the second quarter, Auburn's Moon Ducote broke through the line toward the goal with blocking by Pete Bonner and William Donahue.[note 5] After Guyon dove at Ducote and missed, Guyon gave chase and tackled him at the 26-yard line.[49] For Auburn's only score Ducote circled around end for 17 yards and lateraled to Donahue, who ran down the sideline for a six-yard touchdown.[54] Guyon was the star of the game,[56] accounting for four touchdowns and having his best day passing.[47] Strupper had touchdown runs of 62 and 50 yards.[47] Auburn was considered a strong team, despite the lopsided score; Ducote and Bonner were the only non-Tech, unanimous All-Southern selections.[57] Tech's starting lineup was Fincher (left end), Higgins (left tackle), Mathes (left guard), Phillips (center), Dowling (right guard), Carpenter (right tackle), Bell (right end), Hill (quarterback), Strupper (left halfback), Guyon (right halfback), and Guill (fullback).[49]
After the season
Awards and honors
The Golden Tornado led the nation in scoring, with 491 points.[58] Quarterback Al Hill led the nation in touchdowns with 23,[59] and tackle Bill Fincher kicked 49 extra points.[22]
A number of Georgia Tech players received post-season honors. Walker Carpenter, Everett Strupper, and Joe Guyon were All-America selections, with Carpenter and Strupper the first two players from the Deep South selected for a first-team.[21] In addition to Carpenter, Strupper, and Guyon, Bill Fincher, Pup Phillips, Si Bell, Shorty Guill, and Al Hill were selected to the All-Southern Team by sportswriters.[57][60] Phillips also received the Hal Nowell trophy for the most efficient play during the season.[61]
National champions
On December 8, the Golden Tornado celebrated its national-championship season at a team dinner at the Druid Hills Golf Club in
Heisman challenged Pop Warner's Pittsburgh team to a postseason game to determine a national champion, but since they did not play until the following season,[note 6] Tech was named national champion.[62] Although the Golden Tornado was invited to play the 4–3 Oregon team in the Rose Bowl, by then many players had joined the war effort.[65]
Legacy
"I consider the 1917 Tech team the best football I have ever coached", Heisman said. "It's the best team I have seen in my long career as a coach. I was lucky in having under me a team whose members possessed much natural ability and who played the game intelligently. I have never seen a team that, as a whole, was so fast in the composite."
Personnel
Depth chart
The following chart provides a visual depiction of Tech's lineup during the 1917 season with games started at the position reflected in parentheses. The chart mimics the offense after the jump shift has taken place.
|
Varsity letterwinners
Line
| Player | Position | Games started |
Hometown | Prep school | Height | Weight | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Si Bell | End | 6 | Orchard Hill, Georgia | 6'1" | 179 | 22 | |
| Walker Carpenter | Tackle | 8 | Newnan, Georgia | 6'2" | 184 | 23 | |
| Alton Colcord | End | 1 | Atlanta, Georgia |
5'7" | 151 | 20 | |
| Ham Dowling | Guard | 6 | Savannah, Georgia | University of Florida | 5'7" | 172 | 21 |
| Bill Fincher | Tackle, End | 8 | Spring Place, Georgia | Tech High School | 6'0" | 188 | 20 |
| Shorty Guill | End, fullback | 7 | Sparta, Georgia | 5'6" | 161 | 20 | |
| William Higgins | Tackle | 4 | Roswell, New Mexico | 5'9" | 182 | 19 | |
| Charles Johnson | Guard | 1 | Atlanta, Georgia | 6'0" | 184 | 20 | |
| Clarke Mathes | Guard | 1 | Jonesboro, Georgia | 6'1" | 186 | 20 | |
| Pup Phillips | Center | 7 | Carnesville, Georgia | 6'0" | 182 | 21 | |
| J. R. Rogers | Tackle | 2 | Memphis, Tennessee | 5'10" | 180 | 20 | |
| William Thweatt | Guard | 3 | Pope, Mississippi | 6'4" | 187 | 22 | |
| Ray Ulrich | End | 2 | Chicago, Illinois |
6'1" | 180 | 19 | |
| Dan Whelchel | Guard | 7 | Ashburn, Georgia | 6'1" | 198 | 21 |
Backfield
| Player | Position | Games started |
Hometown | Prep school | Height | Weight | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Guyon | Halfback | 8 | Magdalena, New Mexico | Carlisle Indian Industrial School | 5'11" | 190 | 23 |
| Judy Harlan | Fullback | 6 | Ottumwa, Iowa | Tech High School | 5'11" | 178 | 19 |
| Al Hill | Quarterback | 9 | Washington, Georgia | Washington High School | 5'7" | 164 | 20 |
| Everett Strupper | Halfback | 8 | Columbus, Georgia | Riverside Military Academy | 5'9" | 156 | 20 |
Substitutes
| Player | Position | Games started |
Hometown | Prep school | Height | Weight | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armsley | Fullback | 1 | |||||
| Theodore Shaver | Halfback | 1 | Dayton, Georgia | 6'0" | 167 | 21 | |
| W. Simpson | Halfback | Atlanta, Georgia | 5'8" | 171 | 21 | ||
| Wally Smith | Halfback | 1 | Atlanta, Georgia | 5'6" | 154 | 20 |
Stats and scoring leaders
The following is an incomplete list of statistics and scores, largely dependent on newspaper summaries.
| Player | Touchdowns | Extra points | Points | Rushing Yards |
Carries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert Hill | 22 | 1 | 133 | 669 | 125 |
| Everett Strupper | 20 | 0 | 120 | 1,150 | 102 |
| Joe Guyon | 15 | 8 | 98 | 618 | 84 |
| Bill Fincher | 0 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 |
| Judy Harlan | 5 | 0 | 30 | 341 | 59 |
| Shorty Guill | 4 | 1 | 25 | 108 | 12 |
| Wally Smith | 2 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Pup Phillips | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Dan Whelchel | 2 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Si Bell | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| TOTAL | 72 | 59 | 491 | 2,886 | 379 |
Coaching staff
- John Heisman, coach
- Charles Guyon, assistant coach
- John Tally Johnston, assistant coach
- W. T. Collins, manager
See also
- 1917 College Football All-America Team
- 1917 College Football All-Southern Team
- List of undefeated NCAA Division I football teams
Notes
- ^ Although Georgia Tech's teams are officially known as the "Yellow Jackets", northern writers called the team the "Golden Tornado" in 1917; the name was commonly used until 1928 and for many years afterwards as an alternate nickname.[1] It may have been coined by Morgan Blake.[2]
- ^ Spence was a casualty of the war.[9] He is the namesake of Spence Air Base.[10]
- ^ Said by some Tech sources to have been called the "Four Horsemen" years before the 1924 Notre Dame backfield commonly known as the Four Horsemen.[13]
- ^ Coach Donahue said that Ducote was "undoubtedly the best ever."[55]
- ^ In 1918, Pittsburgh beat Tech 32–0.[64]
Endnotes
- ^ a b Van Brimmer & Rice 2011, p. 147
- ^ "Golden Tornadoes". Retrieved January 28, 2015.
- ^ "2017 Georgia Tech Football Information Guide" (PDF). Georgia Tech. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
- ^ a b Umphlett 1992, p. 141
- ^ 2018 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF). The National Collegiate Athletic Association. p. 111. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ The Technique. October 2, 1917. p. 4. Archived from the original(PDF) on October 30, 2014.
- ^ Heisman & Schlabach 2012, p. 144
- ^ Lynn Hogan (1973). "They Walked Away Into Legend..." Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine. 51 (4): 15–19. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016.
- ISBN 9780313284045.
- ^ "Spence Air Base". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ Van Brimmer 2006, p. 7
- The Technique. Archived from the originalon October 10, 2014.
- ^ a b McCarty 1988a, p. 2
- ^ McCarty 1988a, pp. 1–3
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Everett Strupper, Tech Immortal, Passes Suddenly". Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine. 28 (4). 1950. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
- ^ "Ex-Tech Great Dies Suddenly: Everett Strupper, Member of Unbeaten Teams, Passes in Atlanta". The Anniston Star (AP wire story). February 5, 1950.
- ^ a b John Heisman (November 9, 1923). "Heisman Tells Inside Story of Strupper's Play". Atlanta Constitution.
- ^ McCarty 1988a, pp. 3–5
- ^ a b c d Umphlett 1992, p. 142
- ^ a b c d e f McCarty 1988a, p. 3
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ "'Speedy' Speer Named To Hall". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. May 4, 1974.
- ^ a b c d "Athletics". The Pennsylvania Gazette. 16 (2). Weekly Magazine of the University of Pennsylvania: 47–48. October 12, 1917.
- ^ Newspapers.com. part 2
- ^ McCarty 1988a, pp. 3–4
- ^ "1917 Pittsburgh Panthers". databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on November 30, 2015.
- ^ "NCAA Football's Finest" (PDF). p. 6.
- ^ cf. "Merit Rewarded". The Carlisle Arrow: 7. September 22, 1916.
- ^ a b c d e McCarty 1988a, p. 4
- ^ "Comments on Penn Game". The Technique. Vol. 7, no. 3. October 16, 1917. p. 1.
- ^ a b c d "Tech-41; Pennsy-0" (PDF). The Technique. Vol. 7, no. 2. October 9, 1917.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ Newspapers.com. part 2
- ^ McCarty 1988a, pp. 4–5
- ^ a b "Davidson Downed With Difficulty". The Technique. Vol. 7, no. 3. October 16, 1917. p. 3.
- The Technique. December 11, 1917. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e "Georgia Crushes W. And. L" (PDF). The New York Times. October 21, 1917. p. 3.
- ^ "Another Track Meet". Vol. 7, no. 4. October 23, 1917. p. 4.
- ^ a b c McCarty 1988a, p. 5
- ^ a b c "Vanderbilt Completely Overwhelmed" (PDF). The Technique. November 6, 1917. p. 4.
- ^ Edwin Pope. Football's Greatest Coaches. p. 344.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McCarty 1988b, p. 15
- ^ a b c "Tech Swamps Tulane" (PDF). The Technique. November 13, 1917. p. 4.
- ^ a b "Tech Smothers Indians" (PDF). The Technique. November 20, 1917. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k McCarty 1988b, pp. 16–17
- ^ "Carlisle Indian Industrial School (1879–1918)". Archived from the original on May 1, 2016.
- ^ a b c "Golden Tornado Wins Great Victory" (PDF). The Technique. December 4, 1917. p. 4.
- ^ "Wildcat Origin". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ "1917 Auburn Tigers". Archived from the original on December 10, 2015.
- ^ Heisman & Schlabach 2012, p. 160
- ^ a b c Heisman & Schlabach 2012, p. 161
- ^ see Gridiron Gasps, The Tuscaloosa News, January 10, 1933.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Spalding Football Guide. 1918.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Six Yellow Jackets Are On All-Southern Team". The Washington Times. December 10, 1917. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015.
- ^ a b "Blue Print, 1918". 1918. approximately p. 96
- ^ a b c d e Heisman & Schlabach 2012, p. 164
- ^ Jemison, Dick (December 9, 1917). "Everett Strupper Elected To Lead 1918 Tech Eleven". The Atlanta Constitution. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
To each member of the team was presented from admiring alumni gold footballs with the inscription, "National Champions."
- ^ Powers, Francis J. (1969). Life Story of Glen S. (Pop) Warner, Gridiron's Greatest Strategist. Chicago, IL: The Athletic Institute, p. 42
- ^ a b Van Brimmer & Rice 2011, p. 148
- ^ Garrett 2011, p. 709
- Newspapers.com.
References
- Garrett, Franklin M. (2011) [1969]. Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events, 1880s–1930s. Vol. 2. Athens, GA: ISBN 978-0-8203-3904-7.
- Heisman, John M.; ISBN 978-1-4516-8291-5.
- McCarty, Bernie (February 1988). "Georgia Tech's 1917 backfield, better than the Four Horsemen: Part 1" (PDF). College Football Historical Society Newsletter. 1 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016.
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