1929

Edit links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 1926
  • 1927
  • 1928
  • 1929
  • 1930
  • 1931
  • 1932
1929 by topic
Subject
By country
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1929 in various
Minguo calendar
ROC 18
民國18年
Nanakshahi calendar461
Thai solar calendar2471–2472
Tibetan calendar阳土龙年
(male Earth-Dragon)
2055 or 1674 or 902
    — to —
阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
2056 or 1675 or 903
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1929.

1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1929th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 929th year of the 2nd millennium, the 29th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1920s decade.

This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the

Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General) case. The 1st Academy Awards for film were held in Los Angeles, while the Museum of Modern Art opened in New York City. The Peruvian Air Force
was created.

In Asia, the

The Grand Trunk Express began service in India. Rioting between Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem over access to the Western Wall took place in the Middle East. The centenary of Western Australia was celebrated. The Afghan Civil War
, which started in November in the preceding year, continued until October.

The

Ibero-American Exposition which featured pavilions from Latin American countries. The German airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin
flew around the world in 21 days.

Summary

Middle East, Asia, and Pacific Isles

On August 1 of this year the 1929 Palestine riots broke out between Palestinians and Jews over control of the Western Wall. The rioting, initiated in part when British police tore down a screen the Jews had constructed in front of the Wall,[1] continued until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Palestinians were killed.[2][3]

Early in 1929, the

Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway. Russia counterattacked and took the cities of Hailar and Manzhouli after issuing an ultimatum demanding joint control of the railway to be reinstated. The Chinese agreed to the terms on November 26. The Japanese would later see this defeat as a sign of Chinese weakness, leading to their taking control of Manchuria.[7] The Far East began to experience economic problems late in the year as the effects of the Great Depression began to spread. Southeast Asia was especially hard hit as its exports (spice, rubber, and other commodities) were more sensitive to economic problems.[8] In the Pacific, on December 28 – "Black Saturday" in Samoa – New Zealand colonial police killed 11 unarmed demonstrators, an event which led the Mau movement to demand independence for Samoa.[9]

Europe

Western

In 1929, the

Fascist Party in Italy tightened its control. National education policy took a major step towards being completely taken over by the agenda of indoctrination.[10] In that year, the Fascist government took control of the authorization of all textbooks, all secondary school teachers were required to take an oath of loyalty to Fascism, and children began to be taught that they owed the same loyalty to Fascism as they did to God.[10]

On February 11, Mussolini signed the

Geneva Convention, held in Switzerland, addressed the treatment of prisoners of war in response to problems encountered during World War I.[16]

On May 31, the British general election returned a hung parliament yet again, with the Liberals in position to determine who would have power. These elections were known as the "Flapper" elections due to the fact that it was the first British election in which women under 30 could vote.[17] A week after the vote, on June 7 the Conservatives conceded power rather than ally with the Liberals. Ramsay MacDonald founded a new Labour government the next day.[18]

1929 is regarded as a turning point by

French historians, who point out that it was last year in which prosperity was felt before the effects of the Great Depression. The Third Republic had been in power since before World War I. On July 24, French prime minister Raymond Poincaré resigned for medical reasons; he was succeeded by Aristide Briand. Briand adopted a foreign policy of both peace and defensive fortification. The Kellogg–Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, went into effect in this year (it was first signed in Paris in 1928 by most leading world powers).[19] The French began work on the Maginot Line in this year, as a defense against a possible German attack, and on September 5 Briand presented a plan for the United States of Europe.[20] On October 22, Briand was replaced as Prime Minister by André Tardieu.[21] Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in Spain experienced growing dissatisfaction among students and academics, as well as businessmen who blamed the government for recent economic woes. Many called for a fascist regime, like that in Italy.[22]

Eastern

In May, Joseph Stalin consolidated his power in the Soviet Union by sending Leon Trotsky into exile. The only country that would grant Trotsky asylum was Turkey, in return for his help during Turkey's civil war. He and his family left the USSR aboard ship on February 12.[23] Stalin turned on his former political ally, Nikolai Bukharin, who was the last real threat to his power. By the end of the year Bukharin had been defeated. [clarification needed] Once Stalin was in power, he turned his former support for Lenin's New Economic Policy into opposition.[24] In November, Stalin declared that it "The Year of the Great Breakthrough" and stated that the country would focus on industrial programs as well as on collectivizing the grain supply. He hoped to surpass the West not only in agriculture, but in industry.[25] Millions of Soviet farmers were removed from their private farms, their property was collected, and they were moved to state-owned farms. Stalin emphasized in 1929 a campaign demonizing kulaks as a plague on society. Kulak property was taken and they were deported by cattle train to areas of frozen tundra.[26]

The timber market in Finland began to decline in 1929 due to the Great Depression, as well as the Soviet Union's entrance into the market. Financial and political problems culminated in the birth of the fascist Lapua Movement on November 23 in a demonstration in Lapua. The movement's stated aim was Finnish democracy and anti-communism.[27] The Finnish legislature received heavy pressure to remove basic rights from Communist groups.[28] Politics in Lithuania was heated, as President Voldemaras was unpopular in some quarters, and survived an assassination attempt in Kaunas.[29] Later, while attending a meeting of the League of Nations, he was ousted in a coup by President Smetona, who made himself dictator. Upon Voldemaras' removal from office, Geležinis Vilkas went underground and received aid and encouragement in its activities from Germany.[29] The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was renamed the "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" as King Alexander sought to unite the South Slavs under his rule.[30] The state's new Monarchy replaced the old parliament, which had been dominated by Serbs.[31]

North America

See also: 1929 in the United States

In October 1929, the British

HMO
in the United States.

The Mexican

Plutarco Calles, at the center of power for the anti-clerics, continued to gather power in Mexico City. His government was considered an enemy to more conservative Mexicans who held to traditional forms of government and more religious control. Calles founded the National Revolutionary Party early in the year to increase his power; a party which was, ironically, seen by foreigners as fascist and which was in opposition to the Mexican Right. A special election was held in this year, which Jose Vasconselos lost to Ortiz Rubio. By this time, the war had ended.[34] The last group of rebels was defeated on June 4, and in the same month US Ambassador Dwight Morrow initiated talks between parties. On June 21 an agreement was brokered ending the Cristero War. On June 27, church bells rang and mass was held publicly for the first time in three years. The agreement heavily favored the government, as priests were required to register with the government and religion was banned from schools.[35]

The major event of the year for the United States was the stock market crash on Wall Street, which was to have international effects and be widely regarded as the inciting incident of the Great Depression. On September 3, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) peaked at 381.17, a height it would not reach again until November 1954. Then, from October 24–October 29, stock prices suffered three multi-digit percentage drops, wiping out more than $30 billion from the New York Stock Exchange (10 times greater than the annual budget of the federal government).[36] On December 3 U.S. President Herbert Hoover announced to the U.S. Congress that the worst effects of the recent stock market crash were behind the nation, and that the American people had regained faith in the economy.[37]

Literature, arts, and entertainment

Main article: 1929 in the arts (disambiguation)

Literature of the time reflected the memories many harbored of the horrors of World War I. A major seller was

Elzie Crisler Segar
, also appeared in this year.

Within the film industry, on

surrealist painters Salvador Dalí and René Magritte completed several works, including The First Days of Spring and The Treachery of Images. On November 7 in New York City, the Museum of Modern Art opened to the public. The latest in modern architecture was also represented by the Barcelona Pavilion in Spain, and the Royal York Hotel
in Toronto, at its completion the tallest building in the British Empire.

Science and technology

Main article: 1929 in science

The year saw several advances in technology and exploration. On

common chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes), both closely related phylogenetically to human beings.

Events

January

Main article: January 1929

February

Main article: February 1929

March

Main article: March 1929

April

Main article: April 1929

May

Main article: May 1929

June

Main article: June 1929

July

Main article: July 1929

August

Main article: August 1929

September

Main article: September 1929

October

Main article: October 1929
October 24–29: The Wall Street Crash of 1929, the beginning of the Great Depression.

November

Main article: November 1929

December

Main article: December 1929
  • Bingo after coming across the game of "Beano" in Atlanta, Georgia. After someone accidentally yells "bingo" instead of "beano" with a group of friends in Brooklyn, New York, he begins production of the game, going on to develop more than 6,000 card combinations under the E. S. Lowe company, as the popularity of the game grows to become a national pastime.[52]
  • December 27 – Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin orders the "liquidation of the kulaks as a class".
  • December 28 – "Black Saturday" in Samoa: New Zealand colonial police kill 11 unarmed demonstrators, an event which leads the Mau movement to demand independence for Samoa.[9]
  • December 29 – The All India Congress in Lahore demands Indian independence.[clarification needed]

Date unknown

Births

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

Martin Luther King Jr.
Jacques Plante
Patriarch Filaret
Rudolf Mössbauer
Jean Simmons

February

Vic Morrow
Alejandro Jodorowsky
James Hong
Alexy II
Frank Gehry

March

Fazil Iskander
Christa Wolf

April

Poul Schlüter
André Previn
Jacques Brel
Max von Sydow

May

Audrey Hepburn
Sam Nujoma
Peter Higgs

June

Anne Frank
Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

July

Imelda Marcos
Darío Castrillón Hoyos
Hassan II of Morocco
Chi Haotian
Jean Baudrillard
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis

August

Francis Gary Powers
Yasser Arafat

September

Bob Newhart
Murray Gell-Mann
Jamshid bin Abdullah
Lata Mangeshkar

October

Fernanda Montenegro
Violeta Chamorro
Ursula K. Le Guin
Yevgeny Primakov

November

Grace Kelly
Berry Gordy

December

Bob Hawke
John Cassavetes
Christopher Plummer

Date unknown

  • Congolese politician and writer (d. 2001)[120]

Deaths

January

Wyatt Earp
La Goulue

February

Jose Gutierrez Guerra
Thomas Burke

March

Ferdinand Foch

April

Karl Benz

May

June

William D. Boyce
Bramwell Booth

July

Ali Ahmad Khan

August

Emile Berliner
Millicent Fawcett
Thorstein Veblen

September

Tanaka Giichi

October

Gustav Stresemann
Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly
Bernhard von Bülow

November

Georges Clemenceau

December

Émile Loubet
Wilhelm Maybach

Nobel Prizes

References

  1. ISBN 0-8050-4848-0
    .
  2. ^ Stannard, Matthew B. (August 9, 2005). "A Time of Change; Israelis, Palestinians and the Disengagement". San Francisco Chronicle.
  3. ^ NA 59/8/353/84/867n, 404 Wailing Wall/279 and 280, Archdale Diary and Palestinian Police records.
  4. ISBN 0-8133-4019-5
  5. ISBN 0-521-59692-0
  6. ISBN 0-7656-0712-3
  7. ISBN 0-7656-0143-5
  8. ISBN 0-521-66371-7
  9. ^
    ISBN 982-02-0029-6
    .
  10. ^ a b Pauley, Bruce F. (2003). Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century. Wheeling: Harlan Davidson. p. 117.
  11. ISBN 0-8133-4176-0
    .
  12. ISBN 0-618-22442-4
    .
  13. ISBN 0-521-02366-1
    .
  14. ISBN 0-435-30920-X
    .
  15. ISBN 0-380-71393-4
  16. ^ "Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries - Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War, 1929". www.icrc.org.
  17. ISBN 0-19-927247-6
    .
  18. ISBN 0-333-77224-5
    .
  19. ISBN 0-313-31272-9
    .
  20. ISBN 0-521-35854-X
    .
  21. ISBN 0-19-822114-2
    .
  22. ISBN 0-299-16564-7
    .
  23. ISBN 0-7146-5050-1
  24. ISBN 0-8223-1066-X
  25. ISBN 1-57607-084-0
  26. ^ Gilbert, 761–2
  27. ISBN 0-521-64701-0
  28. ISBN 0-8018-8038-6
  29. ^
    ISSN 0024-5089
  30. ISBN 0-19-829200-7
  31. ISBN 1-85728-595-6
  32. ISBN 1-894004-76-0
    .
  33. ^ a b Ruffman, Alan (1997), The 1929 Tsunami In St. Lawrence, Newfoundland (PDF), Ottawa: Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness, archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2013, retrieved February 26, 2013
  34. ISBN 0-275-95736-5
    pp. 18–23
  35. ISBN 1-57488-452-2
    ; pp. 32–33
  36. ^ Gilbert, 767–9
  37. ^ Hoover, Herbert. "Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  38. ^ Gilbert, pp. 769–70
  39. ^ "Popeye the Sailor". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  40. ^
    ISBN 90-286-2621-2
    .
  41. ^ "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre". Encyclopaedia Britannica. February 7, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  42. ^ Fuller, Joseph V. (1943). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1929. Vol. II. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Publishing Office. p. 143.
  43. ^ "1929 Inauguration". Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum timeline. December 6, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  44. ^ Secretariat for Migration Affairs (March 4, 2014). "4 DE MARZO DE 1929. FUNDACIÓN DEL PARTIDO NACIONAL REVOLUCIONARIO" [March 4, 1929. Foundation of the National Revolutionary Party]. migrantes.pri.org (in Spanish). Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  45. ISBN 0-14-102715-0
    .
  46. ISBN 1-85986-000-1
    .
  47. ^ Erkki Laitinen: Kurun historia 1919–1985. Vanhan Ruoveden historia III: 52, p. 272. Kurun kunta, 1992. (in Finnish)
  48. ^ Orvo Kärkönen: Näsijärven murhenäytelmä 7.IX.1929. Otto Andersinin kustannusliike, 1929. (in Finnish)
  49. ISBN 9781558761551
    .
  50. ^ KIMBERLY AMADEO (March 17, 2020). "Stock Market Crash of 1929 Facts, Causes, and Impact". The Balance. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  51. ISBN 978-0-86840-838-5
    .
  52. ^ "Edwin S. Lowe, 75; Toy Manufacturer Popularized Bingo". The New York Times. February 25, 1986. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  53. ^ Clarence-Smith, W. (2020). Islam and the Abolition of Slavery. USA: Hurst.
  54. ISBN 978-0-7864-0592-3
    .
  55. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Latif-ur Rehman". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016.
  56. ISBN 978-1-57958-390-3
    .
  57. ISBN 978-1-884964-47-3
    .
  58. ^ Radio Free Europe Research. RFE/RL. 1987. p. 3.
  59. ^ Cleveland Amory (1959). International Celebrity Register. Celebrity Register. p. 529.
  60. ^ "Saeed Jaffrey, actor – obituary". The Telegraph. November 16, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  61. ISBN 978-1-84468-726-8
    .
  62. ISBN 978-0-237-52816-4
    .
  63. ISBN 9781770706477
    .
  64. ISBN 978-0-9615476-0-8
    .
  65. ISBN 9780717275274
    .
  66. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  67. ISBN 9780195320008
    .
  68. ^ Christa Wolf obituary, Kate Webb, The Guardian, 1 December 2011
  69. ISBN 978-1-134-28136-7
    .
  70. ^ Angier, Natalie (July 7, 2021). "Richard C. Lewontin, Eminent Geneticist With a Sharp Pen, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  71. ISBN 9781438113340
    .
  72. ISBN 9780313286230
    .
  73. ISBN 978-0-684-86315-3
    .
  74. ISBN 978-1-902806-31-0
    .
  75. ISBN 9781403939104
    .
  76. ISBN 978-0-563-53481-5
    .
  77. ^ Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. May 19, 1973. p. 38.
  78. ISBN 978-0-415-10923-9
    .
  79. ISBN 978-0-86369-741-8
    .
  80. ISBN 978-3-540-26988-5
    .
  81. ^ "Poet and pioneer". Guardian. June 15, 2002. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  82. ISBN 978-0-313-30376-0
    .
  83. ISBN 978-0-85112-868-9
    .
  84. ^ "John Turner, PM and Liberal leader who battled free trade with U.S., dead at 91". CBC. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  85. ISBN 9780309102377
    .
  86. ^ "Correction: Apollo Astronaut James McDivitt Dies at Age 93". NASA. October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
  87. ^ "BBC - The Diary of Anne Frank - Anne's Timeline". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  88. ^ "Kurt Equiluz (Tenor) - Short Biography". www.bach-cantatas.com.
  89. ISBN 9780415108294
    .
  90. ^ "Mort du cinéaste suisse Claude Goretta". Le Monde. February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  91. ISBN 9781412976855
    . Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  92. ^ "Eric Carle, Author and Illustrator of 'The Very Hungry Caterpillar,' Dead at 91". Rolling Stone. May 27, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  93. ISBN 978-3-85932-135-9
    .
  94. ^ "Former Lok Sabha Speaker and veteran Communist leader Somnath Chatterjee passes away at the age of 89". Jayatri Nag. Mumbai Mirror. August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  95. ^ Poole, Steven (March 7, 2007). "Jean Baudrillard. Philosopher and sociologist who blurred the boundaries between reality and simulation". The Guardian. London, England.
  96. ^ Ripley, Mike (April 10, 2022). "Jack Higgins obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  97. ISBN 978-0-312-30281-8
    . Page 64
  98. ISBN 978-1-55783-551-2
    . Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  99. ^ "O homem que cantou a liberdade morreu há 30 anos". www.jn.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  100. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  101. ^ Mason, Peter (June 20, 2018). "Peter Thomson obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  102. ^ Zee, Michaela (September 14, 2022). "Irene Papas, 'Zorba The Greek' and 'Z' Star, Dies at 93". Variety. Retrieved September 21, 2022.
  103. ISBN 9781641433167
    .
  104. ISBN 9781641432641
    .
  105. ^ Telegraph Obituaries (June 1, 2018). "John Julius Norwich, writer and television personality – obituary". The Telegraph. Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  106. ^ The Autocar: A Journal Published in the Interests of the Mechanically Propelled Road Carriage. Iliffe, sons & Sturmey Limited. 1987. p. 4.
  107. ^ "E.J. Meara, Creator Of Comedy Skits, 73". The New York Times. December 16, 1966. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012.
  108. ^ Christopher Lehmann-Haupt (June 14, 2003). "Sir Bernard Williams, 73, Oxford Philosopher, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  109. ISBN 978-81-7476-023-4
    .
  110. ^ "Nikolaj Ivanovič Ryzhkov". Archontology. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  111. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved April 15, 2019.
  112. ^ Jonas, Gerald (January 23, 2018). "Ursula K. Le Guin, Acclaimed for Her Fantasy Fiction, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  113. ^ Schweitzer, Vivien (February 6, 2022). "George Crumb, Eclectic Composer Who Searched for Sounds, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  114. ^ "Fichier des personnes décédées - MENARD Yvonne Marie Louise Odette Renee | Chelun 26/10/1929 - Pléchâtel 05/01/2013" [File of deceased persons - MENARD Yvonne Marie Louise Odette Renee | Chelun 26/10/1929 - Pléchâtel 05/01/2013]. matchID - Moteur de recherche des décès (in French). 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  115. ^ "Oldest/youngest acting nominees and winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. p. 2.10–8. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  116. ^ George Gomori (March 31, 2016). "Imre Kertész obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
  117. ^ Pareles, Jon (May 14, 1988). "Chet Baker, Jazz Trumpeter, Dies at 59 in a Fall". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  118. ^ Kim Willsher (May 8, 2022). "Régine Zylberberg obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  119. ^ Guardian Staff (December 20, 2020). "Doug Anthony, former Nationals leader and deputy prime minister, dies aged 90". The Guardian. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  120. ^ "Afrology Littérature". Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2009.
  121. PMID 5335585
    .
  122. ^ Rich Griset, "Strange Brew", Coastal Virginia Magazine, January 2015
  123. ISBN 978-0-387-95179-9
    .
  124. ^ "Pierre Fatou - Biography". Maths History.

Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1929&oldid=1219597600"
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article: 1929. Articles is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license; additional terms may apply.Privacy Policy