1933 Sumatra earthquake

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Coordinates: 5°11′S 104°50′E / 5.18°S 104.83°E / -5.18; 104.83
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1933 Sumatra earthquake
Strike-slip
Areas affectedIndonesia
Max. intensityMMI IX (Violent) [3]
AftershocksMultiple
Casualties76 to "several thousand" dead [4]

The 1933 Sumatra earthquake or Liwa earthquake occurred in

volcanic eruption
two weeks later, killing some people.

Tectonic setting

Great Sumatra fault

The west coast of Sumatra is dominated by the Sunda megathrust; a 5,500 km[5] long convergent boundary where the Australian Plate subducts beneath the Burma Plate and Sunda Plate at a rate of 60 millimetres (2.4 in) per year.[6] Convergence along this plate boundary is highly oblique, severely deforming the overriding Sunda Plate,[6] where it is accommodated by strike-slip motion along the Great Sumatran fault.[6] The Great Sumatran fault is a 1,900-kilometre (1,200 mi)-long strike-slip fault system located on the island of Sumatra. The fault is divided into about 20 segments.[7] The Great Sumatran fault was the source of the 1994 Liwa and 1995 Kerinci earthquakes. It produced its largest earthquake during the 1943 Alahan Panjang sequence; measuring Ms  7.8.[8] Most recently, a 6.2-magnitude quake struck in 2022.

Earthquake

The earthquake was caused by a strike-slip rupture on southern portion of the Great Sumatran Fault. A study by Hurukawa and others relocated the epicenter to 5°11′S 104°50′E / 5.18°S 104.83°E / -5.18; 104.83 from 5°14′S 104°36′E / 5.23°S 104.60°E / -5.23; 104.60 by the International Seismological Centre.[1] Its epicenter was located between two segments; the Semangko segment located 50 km southeast, and the Kumering 60 km north. Based on the reports of damage, the earthquake ruptured in a northwesterly direction along the Kumering segment for approximately 130 km. The total length of the Kumering segment is 150 km, indicating partial failure on the segment. An average slip of 2.7 meters was estimated.[9] Five moderate aftershocks were recorded, two of which were located 100 and 130 km northwest of the epicenter, respectively. There is a possibility that the fault rupture may have initiated on the northeastern portion of the Semangko segment, and progressed northwest to rupture the Kumering segment. A secondary branch away from the main strand of the Great Sumatran Fault may have also ruptured during the quake. Its epicenter is not far from that of the Mw  6.8 earthquake in 1994.[2] A surface rupture extended to Lake Ranau. No large magnitude 6.0 earthquakes would strike this portion of the Great Sumatran Fault until 1994.[10]

Damage

Suwoh which erupted two weeks later

Major destruction was widespread along an area that stretched from

VEI scale and also caused some deaths.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b International Seismological Centre. On-line Bulletin. Thatcham, United Kingdom. [Event 905657].
  2. ^ a b c Hurukawa, Wulandari & Kasahara 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Katalog Gempabumi Signifikan dan Dirasakan" [Catalog of Significant and Felt Earthquakes]. bmkg.go.id (in Indonesian). Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  5. ^ Sieh 2007.
  6. ^ a b c Philibosian et al. 2014.
  7. ^ Natawidjaja et al. 2007.
  8. ^ ISC-OB Event 899872 [IRIS].
  9. ^ Rafie et al. 2022.
  10. ^ Widiwijayanti et al. 1996.
  11. ^ Ahmad Arif; Agung Setyahadi; Prasetya Eko P; Ingki Rinaldi; Wawan H Prabowo; Rustiono Andri (15 January 2019). "Hidup dan Maut Bertaut Erat di Liwa". Kompas (in Indonesian). Jelajah Kompas. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  12. ^ "Suoh". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2006-12-28.
  13. ^ Sieh & Natawidjaja 2000.

Sources

External links
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