1933 in science
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1933 in science |
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Paleontology |
Extraterrestrial environment |
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The year 1933 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- October 13 – The British Interplanetary Society is founded.
- Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky invent the concept of the neutron star, a new type of celestial object, suggesting that supernovae might be created by the collapse of a normal star to form a neutron star.
- Sir Arthur Eddington publishes The Expanding Universe: Astronomy's 'Great Debate', 1900–1931 in Cambridge.
- Comedian Will Hay observes the periodic Great White Spot on Saturn from his private observatory in London.[1]
- Fritz Zwicky postulates the existence of dark matter.[2]
Chemistry
- Gilbert N. Lewis isolates the first sample of pure heavy water by electrolysis.[3]
Earth sciences
- March 10 – Long Beach earthquake in Southern California: First recording of earthquake strong ground motions by an accelerograph network, installed in 1932 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Mathematics
- Andrey Kolmogorov publishes Foundations of the Theory of Probability, laying the modern axiomatic foundations of probability theory.[6]
- David Champernowne, while still a Cambridge undergraduate, publishes his work on the Champernowne constant in real numbers.[7][8]
- Alfréd Haar introduces Haar measure.[9]
- Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson publish the Neyman–Pearson lemma.[10]
- Skewes' number.[11]
Physics
- September 12 – Southampton Row in Bloomsbury (London), conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
Physiology and medicine
- April 3 – First attempted human
- July 8 – English researchers Wilson Smith, Christopher Andrewes and Patrick Laidlaw report isolating a human influenza A virus and its transferability to ferrets.[16]
- July 14 – genetic disorders.
Technology
- March 7 – The hydraulic torque converter is patented by Alf Lysholm.[19]
- June – A research group at
- June 26 – American Totalisator unveils its first tote board, the electronic pari-mutuel betting machine, at the Arlington Park race track near Chicago.
Organizations
- Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago) first opens to the public, as part of the Century of Progress Exposition.
- The Institute for Advanced Study opens at Princeton, New Jersey, attracting Albert Einstein, John von Neumann and Kurt Gödel.
- Sheffield Trades Historical Society (later South Yorkshire Industrial History Society) established in England.
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac
- Chemistry – not awarded
- Physiology or Medicine – Thomas Hunt Morgan
Births
- January 6 – .
- January 18 – botanist.
- March 9 – Sir David Weatherall (died 2018), English molecular geneticist.
- March 10 – Patricia Bergquist (died 2009), New Zealand scientist specializing in anatomy and taxonomy.
- March 23 – social psychologist.
- April 1 – Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, French physicist and Nobel laureate
- April 14 – Yuri Oganessian, Russian nuclear physicist.
- April 26 – Arno Allan Penzias (died 2024), German-born American physicist and radio astronomer.
- May 22 – Chen Jingrun (died 1996), Chinese mathematician.
- July 9 – neurologist.
- July 12 – molecular biologist.
- August 10 – Ed Posner (died 1993), American mathematician.
- August 15
- Stanley Milgram (died 1984), American social psychologist.
- child psychiatrist.
- September 6 – zooarchaeologist.
- September 10 – Yevgeny Khrunov (died 2000), Soviet cosmonaut.
- September 26 – Charles C. Conley (died 1984), American mathematician specializing in dynamical systems.
- October 2 – Sir John Gurdon, English developmental biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- October 9 – Sir Peter Mansfield (died 2017), English physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- November 1 – Bengali-born mathematician.
- November 4 – Sir Charles K. Kao (died 2018), Chinese electrical engineer and physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- December 22 – Thomas Stockham (died 2004), American electrical engineer and inventor
- December 23 – ichthyologist and Emperor of Japan.
Deaths
- January 14 – orthopaedic surgeon.
- May 22 – Sándor Ferenczi (born 1873), Hungarian psychoanalyst.
- June 14 – Ernest William Moir (born 1862), British civil engineer.
- September 25 – Paul Ehrenfest (born 1880), Austrian physicist and mathematician.
- October 29
- Albert Calmette (born 1863), French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist.
- Paul Painlevé (born 1863), mathematician and statesman, 62nd Prime Minister of France.
- November 3 – Pierre Paul Émile Roux (born 1853), French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist.
- December 8 – John Joly (born 1857), Irish physicist.
References
- . Retrieved 2017-05-11.
- Bibcode:1933AcHPh...6..110Z.
- .
- .
- PMID 27631602.
- ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- .
- ^ "Professor David Champernowne". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 September 2000. Retrieved 2011-12-02..
- JSTOR 1968346.
- JSTOR 91247.
- doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-8.4.277. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- .
- S2CID 12087935.
- ^ Klein, Andrew; et al. (2011). Organ Transplantation: A Clinical Guide. Cambridge University Press. p. 2.
- ^ Humar, Abhinav; et al. (2009). Atlas of Organ Transplantation. Springer. p. 1.
- doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)78541-2.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Coming into force January 1934. Black, Edwin (2001). IBM and the Holocaust. Crown / Random House. p. 93.
- .
- ^ "US1900118A Hydraulic variable speed power transmission". Espacenet. 1933-03-07. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ISBN 9780824077822.
- ISBN 9780824077822.
- ^
Zworykin, V. K. (October 1933). "Television with cathode ray tubes". Journal of the IEE (73). ISBN 9780824077822.
- ISBN 978-0-7864-1220-4.