1937 in science

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The year 1937 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

June 8 – First total solar eclipse to exceed 7 minutes of totality in over 800 years; visible in the Pacific and Peru.

Biology

September 27 – Last definite record of a Bali tiger shot.^[1]
Meredith Crawford first publishes results of the
chimpanzees in the United States.^[2]

Jay Laurence Lush publishes the influential textbook Animal Breeding Plans in the United States.^[3]
The
Hans Adolf Krebs
.

Chemistry

discovery of the chemical element which will become known as Technetium.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The opioid Methadone is synthesized in Germany by scientists working at Hoechst AG.^[7]
Otto Bayer and his coworkers at IG Farben in Leverkusen, Germany, first make polyurethanes.

Computer science

January – Alan Turing's 1936 paper "On Computable Numbers" first appears in print.^[8] Alonzo Church's review of it in Journal of Symbolic Logic introduces the term Turing machine.
MIT demonstrates that electronic application of Boolean algebra could construct and resolve any logical numerical relationship.^[9]

Konrad Zuse submits patents in Germany based on his Z1 computer design anticipating von Neumann architecture.

Exploration

British Graham Land Expedition (1934–1937) concludes its work, having determined that Graham Land is an integral part of the Antarctic Peninsula and not an independent archipelago.^[10]

Mathematics

Bruno de Finetti publishes "La Prévision: ses lois logiques, ses sources subjectives" in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, his most influential treatment of his theorem on exchangeable sequences of random variables.^[11]
Hans Freudenthal proves the Freudenthal suspension theorem in homotopy.^[12]
Goldberg polyhedron first described.^[13]

Medicine

November 2 – English clinical pathologist
sulphapyridine M&B 693, a first-generation sulphonamide antibiotic which in 1938 is first prescribed to treat pneumonia.^[14]

First typhus vaccine by Rudolf Weigl, Ludwik Fleck and Hans Zinsser; influenza vaccine by Anatol Smorodintsev.^[15]
Both respirator designed in Australia.
Italian psychiatrist
transorbital lobotomy
.
Publication in the United Kingdom of Dr A. J. Cronin's novel The Citadel, promoting the cause of socialised medicine.^[16]

Physics

January – Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen publish a paper denying that gravitational waves can exist.^[17]
Eugene Wigner introduces the term isospin.^[18]

Technology

February – Hans von Ohain begins ground-testing a turbojet engine.
April 12 – Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
May 28 – Rocker Shovel Loader patent applied for in the United States.
June 5 – Alan Blumlein is granted a patent for an ultra-linear amplifier.^[19]
Alec Reeves invents pulse-code modulation.

Awards

Nobel Prizes
- Clinton Joseph Davisson, George Paget Thomson
- Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer
- Medicine – Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt
Copley Medal – Henry Dale
Wollaston Medal for geology – Waldemar Lindgren

Births

January 14 – Leo Kadanoff, American physicist (died 2015)
February 18 –
materials scientist
.
March 16 –
Jewish American cognitive and mathematical psychologist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
.

April 17 – Don Buchla (died 2016), American electronic engineer, pioneer of sound synthesizers.
May 9 –
primatologist
.
May 13 – Trevor Baylis (died 2018), English inventor.
June 8 – Bruce McCandless II (died 2017), American astronaut.
June 9 – Harald Rosenthal, German biologist
June 11 – David Mumford, American mathematician.
June 21 –
vascular surgeon
.
June 23 – Nicholas Shackleton (died 2006), English Quaternary geologist and paleoclimatologist, recipient of the Vetlesen Prize.
June 26 – Robert Coleman Richardson (died 2013), American experimental physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
July 1 – Lydia Makhubu, Swazi chemist.
July 19 –
social psychologist
.
July 26 – Ernest Vinberg (died 2020), Russian mathematician.
August 2 – Coenraad Bron, Dutch computer scientist (d. 2006)
September 8 –
Somali pioneer of pediatrics
.

December 26 – John Horton Conway, English-born mathematician (d. 2020)

Deaths

January 28 –
inventor
.
January 29 –
veterinary surgeon
.
February 5 –
psychoanalyst
.
May 28 –
psychotherapist
.
June 11 –
aeronautical engineer
.
July 20 – Guglielmo Marconi (born 1874), Italian inventor.
July 30 –
radiation oncology
.
October 16 – William Sealy Gosset (born 1876), English statistician.
October 19 – Ernest Rutherford (born 1871), New Zealand-born British physicist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
November 23 – Jagadish Chandra Bose (born 1858), Bengali physicist.

References

^ "Death of a Bali Tiger". Save The Tiger Fund. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
^ Crawford, Meredith P. (1937). The Coöperative Solving of Problems by Young Chimpanzees. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
^ Chapman, Arthur B. (1987). "Jay Laurence Lush". Biographical Memoirs. 57. United States: National Academy of Sciences: 279. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
ISBN 978-0-8306-3018-9
.

ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8
.

S2CID 4136886
.

^ Bockmuhl, M. (1948). "Über eine neue Klasse von analgetisch wirkenden Verbindungen". Ann. Chem. 52: 561.

S2CID 73712
. Retrieved 2017-12-24.

ISBN 978-0-8090-4637-9
.

^ "British Graham Land Expedition, 1934-37". Cambridge: Scott Polar Research Institute. 2011-03-31. Retrieved 2013-08-13.

ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8
.

MR 0055683
.

^ Goldberg, Michael (1937). "A class of multi-symmetric polyhedra". Tohoku Mathematical Journal. 43: 104–108.

ISBN 978-0-19-518775-5
.

^ Plotkin, S. L.; S. A. (2008). "A short history of vaccination". In Plotkin, Stanley A.; Orenstein, Walter A.; Offit, Paul A. (ed.). Vaccines. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

^ "An expectant public". 60 years of NHS Scotland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2011-04-21.

ISSN 0016-0032
.

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.106
.

^ GB 496883, "Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve amplifying circuits"

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1937_in_science&oldid=1206294220"

[1] "Death of a Bali Tiger". Save The Tiger Fund. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2020-03-10.

[2] Crawford, Meredith P. (1937). The Coöperative Solving of Problems by Young Chimpanzees. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

[3] Chapman, Arthur B. (1987). "Jay Laurence Lush". Biographical Memoirs. 57. United States: National Academy of Sciences: 279. Retrieved 2012-01-04.

[4] ISBN 978-0-8306-3018-9
.

[5] ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8
.

[6] S2CID 4136886
.

[7] Bockmuhl, M. (1948). "Über eine neue Klasse von analgetisch wirkenden Verbindungen". Ann. Chem. 52: 561.

[8] S2CID 73712
. Retrieved 2017-12-24.

[9] ISBN 978-0-8090-4637-9
.

[10] "British Graham Land Expedition, 1934-37". Cambridge: Scott Polar Research Institute. 2011-03-31. Retrieved 2013-08-13.

[11] ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8
.

[12] MR 0055683
.

[13] Goldberg, Michael (1937). "A class of multi-symmetric polyhedra". Tohoku Mathematical Journal. 43: 104–108.

[14] ISBN 978-0-19-518775-5
.

[15] Plotkin, S. L.; S. A. (2008). "A short history of vaccination". In Plotkin, Stanley A.; Orenstein, Walter A.; Offit, Paul A. (ed.). Vaccines. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[16] "An expectant public". 60 years of NHS Scotland. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2011-04-21.

[17] ISSN 0016-0032
.

[18] :10.1103/PhysRev.51.106
.

[19] GB 496883, "Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve amplifying circuits"

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