1941 in the Soviet Union
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The following lists events that happened during 1941 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Incumbents
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Mikhail Kalinin
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov (until 6 May), Joseph Stalin (starting 6 May)
Events
- January 1: Soviet Armed Forces reach 4,207,000
- February 15 to 20: 18th Conference of All-Union Communist Party
- February 24: Kramatorsk Heavy Machinery Construction Plant was commissioned
- March 20: Head of Intelligence Filipp Golikov presented the report, which indicated the possible directions of German invasion to the Soviet Union
- April – The Valley of Geysers on the Kamchatka Peninsula is discovered by Tatyana Ustinova.
- May 6: Joseph Stalin replaces Vyacheslav Molotov as Prime Minister
- May 13: Head of the Dvina and Dnepr
- May 14: Narkom of Defence Semyon Timoshenkogave an order on pre-term graduation of cadets, commissioning them to the troops
- May 16: Diplomatic relations with Iraq were established
- June 12: Timoshenko ordered the military councils of boundary districts to start the advancing of troops from rear closer to the state frontier
- June 13: Joseph Stalin suspended Timoshenko's request to bring the frontier troops into alertness
- June 14: TASSissued a report, labelling groundless the statements about the forthcoming war with Germany, spread by foreign and particularly British press
- June 21: Georgy Zhukov imparted via HF of waiting for important document to the staff heads of the military districts
- June 22: The Communist Party Central Committee issues the decree "On the Organization of Struggle in the Rear of German troops"; diplomatic relations with Germany ceased, relations with Italy, Romania and Denmark were interrupted
- Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea Fleet Filipp Oktyabrsky reported to Zhukov on the approach of a large number of unknown aircraft at 03:07
- Head of Staff of the Western Military District General Vladimir Klimovskikh reported on German air raids on Byelorussian towns at 03:30
- Western and Baltic Military Districts reported on the onset of German ground hostilities at 04:10
- Brest Fortress was shelled at 04:15
- Timoshenko's directive N2 was delivered to military districts at 07:15
- sixteen German aircraft bombed Grodno at 07:15 from the altitude of 1 km
- Government's public radio report on the declaration of war at 12:00
- June 23: High Command Headquarters (later - Headquarters of Supreme Commander-in-Chief) was formed; mobilization plan on ammunition production was introduced; Soviets leave Grodno
- June 25–28: Kaunas pogrom
- June 26: Daugavpils surrendered
- June 27: Slutsk surrendered
- June 28: Minsk surrendered
- June 29: Operation Silver Fox begins
- June 30: State Defence Committee was formed; diplomatic relations with France were interrupted
- July 3: Stalin gave a broadcast talk
- July 4: directive on economical policy during the forced evacuation of production facilities was issued; State Defence Committee adopted decree "On voluntary mobilization of Moscow and the Moscow Oblast working-people to the divisions of people's militia"
- July 10: Battle of Smolensk breaks out
- July 11-September 26: Battle of Kiev
- July 15: Battle of Uman begins
- July 16: Presidium of the Supreme Soviet establishes the office of military commissar
- July 18: diplomatic relations with Czechoslovakia were resumed
- July 19: Joseph Stalin replaces Semyon Timoshenko as Defense Minister
- July 25: Petliura Days
- July 30: Reserve Front was formed; diplomatic relations with Polish government-in-exile were established, while relations with Greece were resumed
- August 1: Boris Shaposhnikov succeeded Zhukov as the Head of the General Staff
- August 5-October 16: Siege of Odessa
- August 5: diplomatic relations with Norway were resumed
- August 7: diplomatic relations with Belgium were resumed
- August 8: Stalin appoints himself Commander-in-Chief of the army
- August 21: Germans took Chudovo
- August 25: Dnepropetrovsk
- August 30: Yelnya Offensivebegins
- September 4: shelling of Leningradbegan
- September 8: Encirclement of Leningrad was completed; the city's Badayev Depots and "The Red Star" creamery were ruined by German aviation (3,000 tons of flour and 2,500 tons of sugar were marred)
- September 9: Operation Wotan was started
- September 11: 157 political prisoners incarcerated at Oryol Prison were executed in Medvedev Forest, near Oryol. Among the victims were Christian Rakovsky, Sergei Efron, Olga Kameneva, and Maria Spiridonova.
- September 12: 1st Battle of Rostov begins, the first snowfalls of the winter of 1941–1942 is reported on the front.
- September 18: the 100th, 127th, 153rd and 161st Soviet Rifle Divisions were converted into the Guards Divisions
- September 19: Soviets left Kiev
- September 29: The Lord Beaverbrook meet with Soviet foreign minister Molotovto arrange assistance.
- September 29 to 30: The Holocaust: Babi Yar massacre– German troops assisted by Ukrainian police and local collaborators kill 33,771 Jews.
- September 30: early stage of the Battle of Moscow takes place
- October 1: Vsevobuch was re-introduced
- October 4: Germans captured Spas-Demensk
- October 5: Germans captured Yukhnov
- October 6: Bryansk was captured
- October 12: State Defence Committee decides on building the defensive lines near Moscow
- October 13: Battle at Borodino Field takes place; fall of Kaluga
- October 14: Germans took Kalinin
- October 15: the State Defense Committee issued an order on immediate evacuation of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the government and foreign diplomatic missions from Moscow.
- October 16: fall of Borovsk, the Soviet government moves to Kuibyshev but Joseph Stalin remains in the capital of Moscow.
- October 18: fall of Mozhaysk and Maloyaroslavets
- October 19: State Defence Committee introduced the state of siegein Moscow and adjacent areas
- October 30: Germans imposed siege on Sevastopol
- November: Three deer transportation units were formed in the 14th Soviet Army, with 1,000 deer and 140–150 herdsmen and soldiers in each unit.[1]
- November 26: People's Commissariat of Mortar Armament is created
- December 5: Germans entered Yelets
- December 9: Soviets liberated Rogachyovo, Venyov and Yelets from Germans
- December 11: Solnechnogorsk was liberated from Germans
- December 15: Soviets liberated Klin at 02:00 from Germans
- December 16: Kalinin was liberated from Germans
- December 20: Volokolamsk was liberated from Germans
- December 26: Naro-Fominsk was liberated from Germans
Births
- January 5 – Viktor Anichkin, football player (d. 1975).
- March 16 – Volodymyr Kozhukhar, Ukrainian conductor (d. 2022)
- April 29 – Viktor Ageyev, water polo player (d. 2023).
- May 8 – Yuri Voronov, Abkhazian politician and academic (d. 1995)
- May 16 – Gennadiy Prashkevich, science fiction writer.
- Oleg Dahl, actor (d. 1981).
- June 1 – Alexander Zakharov, physicist and astronomer.
- June 10 – Aida Vedishcheva, singer.
- June 20 – Albert Shesternyov, soccer player and coach (d. 1994).
- June 21 – Valeri Zolotukhin, actor (d. 2013).
- August 16 – Andrei Mironov, actor (d. 1987).
- Yuri Malyshev, cosmonaut (d. 1999).
- September 3 – Sergei Dovlatov, journalist and writer (d. 1990).
- December 12 – Vitaly Solomin, (d. 2002).
- October 1 – Vyacheslav Vedenin, cross county skier.
Deaths
- Masha Bruskina (nurse), in Minsk
- Mykhailo Burmystenko (politician) in the Battle of Kiev
- Mikhail Kirponos (Colonel General) in the Battle of Kiev
- Maria Spiridonova, politician (near Oryol)
- Stepan Suprun, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (in Monastyri, Byelorussian SSR)
- Marina Tsvetayeva, poet (in Yelabuga)
- Arkady Gaidar, writer, commander
See also
References
- ^ Коми оленеводы на Карельском фронте (in Russian). Книга Памяти Республики Коми. p. 371. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- Анфилов, В.А. Провал "блицкрига". М., Наука, 1974
- Василевский, А. Дело всей жизни. М., 1975
- Жуков, Г.К. Воспоминания и размышления. М., 1972
- Яковлев, А. Цель жизни. М., 1970
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1971, vol. 4; 1977, vol. 24 (II)