1953 Italian general election
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All 590 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 296 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 93.84% ( 1.61pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 237 seats in the Senate of the Republic 122[a] seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 93.78% ( 1.63pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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The 1953 Italian general election was held in Italy on Sunday 7 June 1953.[1]
"Scam law"
The election was characterized by changes in the electoral law. Even if the general structure remained uncorrupted, the government introduced a superbonus of two thirds of seats in the Chamber of Deputies for the coalition which would obtain at-large the absolute majority of votes. The change was hugely opposed by the opposition parties as well as the smaller Christian Democracy's coalition partners, which had no realistic chances of success. The new law was called "scam law" by its detractors, including some dissidents of minor government parties who founded special opposition groups to deny the artificial landslide to Christian Democracy. Its parliamentarian exam had a disruptive effect: "Among the iron pots of political forces that faced in the Cold War, Senate cracked as earthenware pot."[2]
Historical background
In the 1950s, Italy became a founding member of the NATO alliance (1949), a member of the United Nations (1955) and an ally of the United States, which helped to revive the Italian economy through the Marshall Plan. In the same years, Italy also became a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community (1952) and of the European Economic Community (1957), later developed into the European Union. At the end of the 1950s an impressive economic growth was termed "Economic Miracle". Italian families used their newfound wealth to purchase consumer durables for the first time. Between 1958 and 1965, the percentage of families owning a television rose from 12% to 49%, washing machines from 3% to 23%, and fridges from 13% to 55%.
has historically had a wide support. This is considered a consequence of the particular sharecropping ("mezzadria") farming contracts used in these regions.The
In 1953, a Parliamentary Commission on poverty estimated that 24% of Italian families were either "destitute" or "in hardship", 21% of dwellings were overcrowded, 52% of homes in the South had no running drinking water, and only 57% had a lavatory.
Parties and leaders
Results
The complaint campaign of the oppositions against the "scam law" reached its goal. The
While the government won the election with a clear working
Chamber of Deputies
Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Centrist coalition | Christian Democracy | 10,862,073 | 40.10 | 263 | –41 | ||
Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 1,222,957 | 4.51 | 19 | –14 | |||
Italian Liberal Party | 815,929 | 3.01 | 13 | –6 | |||
Italian Republican Party | 438,149 | 1.62 | 5 | –4 | |||
South Tyrolean People's Party | 122,474 | 0.45 | 3 | 0 | |||
Sardinian Action Party | 27,231 | 0.10 | 0 | –1 | |||
Trentino Tyrolean People's Party | 1,714 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |||
Italian Communist Party | 6,120,809 | 22.60 | 143 | +13 | |||
Italian Socialist Party | 3,441,014 | 12.70 | 75 | +22 | |||
Monarchist National Party | 1,854,850 | 6.85 | 40 | +26 | |||
Italian Social Movement | 1,582,154 | 5.84 | 29 | +23 | |||
Independent Socialist Union | 225,409 | 0.83 | 0 | New | |||
Popular Unity | 171,099 | 0.63 | 0 | New | |||
National Democratic Alliance | 120,685 | 0.45 | 0 | New | |||
Left-wing independents | 21,920 | 0.08 | 0 | New | |||
Italian Political Centre | 14,493 | 0.05 | 0 | New | |||
Italian National Monarchist Party | 8,089 | 0.03 | 0 | New | |||
Monarchist List | 6,759 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |||
Democratic National Union of Civil Servants | 6,581 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |||
Italian Nettist Party | 4,305 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |||
Socialist Radical Party | 3,283 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |||
Federated National Party | 2,895 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |||
Christian Social Movement | 2,799 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |||
Italian Female Movement | 1,752 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |||
Militant Christian Party | 1,473 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |||
Italian National Movement | 1,257 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
Italian Social Unitary Party | 1,101 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
National Will Party | 1,010 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
Italian Federalist Party | 866 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
Garibaldian Antifascist Partisan Movement of Italy | 762 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
Universal Existentialist Party | 716 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
National Union Party | 563 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
Independents | 530 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |||
Total | 27,087,701 | 100.00 | 590 | +16 | |||
Valid votes | 27,087,701 | 95.36 | |||||
Invalid/blank votes | 1,318,778 | 4.64 | |||||
Total votes | 28,406,479 | 100.00 | |||||
Registered voters/turnout | 30,272,236 | 93.84 | |||||
Source: Ministry of the Interior |
By constituency
Constituency | Total seats |
Seats won | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DC | PCI | PSI | PNM | MSI | PSDI | PLI | PRI | Others | ||
Turin | 26 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
Cuneo | 16 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Genoa | 17 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Milan | 36 | 16 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
Como | 15 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Brescia | 19 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Mantua | 10 | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
Trentino | 8 | 5 | 3 | |||||||
Verona | 28 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Venice | 16 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Udine | 15 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Bologna | 22 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Parma | 19 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Florence | 13 | 5 | 6 | 2 | ||||||
Pisa | 13 | 6 | 5 | 2 | ||||||
Siena | 10 | 3 | 5 | 2 | ||||||
Ancona | 15 | 8 | 4 | 3 | ||||||
Perugia | 11 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Rome | 38 | 15 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
L'Aquila | 14 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Campobasso | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Naples | 31 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 1 | |||
Benevento | 20 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |||
Bari | 22 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 1 | ||||
Lecce | 16 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
Potenza | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
Catanzaro | 25 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||
Catania | 25 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||
Palermo | 25 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||
Cagliari | 14 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Aosta Valley | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
National | 37 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | |
Total | 590 | 263 | 143 | 74 | 40 | 29 | 19 | 13 | 5 | 3 |
Senate of the Republic
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christian Democracy | 9,660,210 | 39.76 | 112 | −19 | |
Italian Communist Party | 4,910,077 | 20.21 | 52 | +6 | |
Italian Socialist Party | 2,891,605 | 11.90 | 26 | −15 | |
Monarchist National Party | 1,581,128 | 6.51 | 14 | +10 | |
Italian Social Movement | 1,473,645 | 6.07 | 9 | +8 | |
Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 1,046,301 | 4.31 | 4 | −4 | |
Italian Liberal Party | 695,816 | 2.86 | 3 | −4 | |
Italian Republican Party | 261,713 | 1.08 | 0 | −4 | |
Popular Unity | 172,545 | 0.71 | 0 | New | |
National Democratic Alliance | 165,845 | 0.68 | 1 | New | |
South Tyrolean People's Party | 107,139 | 0.44 | 2 | 0 | |
Autonomy Aosta – Peace | 16,873 | 0.07 | 0 | New | |
Other parties | 1,313,380 | 5.41 | 14 | – | |
Total | 24,296,277 | 100.00 | 237 | 0 | |
Valid votes | 24,296,277 | 95.34 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 1,186,924 | 4.66 | |||
Total votes | 25,483,201 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 27,172,871 | 93.78 | |||
Source: Ministry of the Interior |
By constituency
Constituency | Total seats |
Seats won | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DC | PCI | PSI | PNM | MSI | PSDI | PLI | Others | ||
Piedmont | 17 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Aosta Valley | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Lombardy | 31 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Trentino-Alto Adige | 6 | 4 | 2 | ||||||
Veneto | 19 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||||
Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Liguria | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Emilia-Romagna | 17 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | |||
Tuscany | 15 | 6 | 6 | 3 | |||||
Umbria | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Marche | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |||||
Lazio | 16 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
Abruzzo and Molise | 8 | 5 | 3 | ||||||
Campania | 21 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Apulia | 15 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
Basilicata | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
Calabria | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Sicily | 22 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | ||
Sardinia | 6 | 4 | 2 | ||||||
Total | 237 | 112 | 52 | 26 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 17 |
References
- ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ Buonomo, Giampiero (2014). "Come il Senato si scoprì vaso di coccio". L'Ago e Il Filo (in Italian).
- ^ Italy: Library of Nations: Italy, Time-Life Books, 1985
- ^ taking into account the Senators for life, which accounted for 6 seats at the time the election took place