1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
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all 75 seats in Legislative Assembly 38 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 60-70%[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The first elections for the
Background
The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, elected in 1951, which also functioned as the State's legislative assembly during its term of 6 years, dissolved itself in January 1957 having passed the State's Constitution.
Before that, in 1953, Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed as the Prime Minister by the Sadar-i-Riyasat Karan Singh because he had lost the majority in the Cabinet. The former deputy prime minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed in his place. Sheikh Abdullah, along with Mirza Afzal Beg and thirty-three other loyalists, was imprisoned by the incoming government.[3]
After Mirza Afzal Beg was released in November 1954, he, along with G. M. Hamdani, formed the All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front, demanding self-determination for Kashmiris through a plebiscite organized under United Nations supervision. The Plebiscite Front counted seven sitting legislators among its members. Other parties joined them in support: the Kashmir Political Conference, the Kashmir Democratic Union and the Praja Socialist Party.[4]
In 1955, the left-wing faction of the ruling
The election
The election was conducted by the State's Franchise Commission. Voting was scheduled in the
Of the 75 seats of the Legislative Assembly, 43 seats were allocated to the Kashmir Valley, 30 to Jammu, and 2 to Ladakh.[6] The election irregularities first witnessed in the Constituent Assembly elections in 1951 continued. Scholar Sumantra Bose states that the franchise official in charge of deciding the validity of nomination papers was a henchman of Prime Minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad.[6] In the Valley, 30 seats were unopposed, resulting in wins for the National Conference; 10 more seats were declared elected after the rejection of the nomination papers of the opposing candidates. Three of these candidates were rejected on the grounds of being under the qualifying age, six due to improper nomination papers, and one on the grounds of being a government contractor.[2] On the whole, the National Conference acquired a majority in the Assembly even before the voting began.
Of the 28 remaining seats that witnessed voting on March, 20 were in Jammu and 8 in the Kashmir Valley. The Jammu Praja Parishad put forward 17 candidates, the Praja Socialist Party 8 candidates, and the Harijan Mandal 6 candidates. The Plebiscite Front and the Kashmir Political Conference boycotted the election.[2]
Results
In the Jammu Division, the National Conference won 13 of the 20 seats, the Praja Parishad won 6 seats, and the Harijan Mandal won 1 seat. The voting was heavy, with over 70 percent of voters casting their votes. One of the Praja Parishad electees later joined the National Conference, reducing its strength in the Assembly to 5. [7]
In the Kashmir Valley, the National Conference won 7 of the 8 contested seats, and one seat was won by a dissident of the National Conference contesting as an independent.[1]
Scholar Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta attributes the victory of the National Conference in the Jammu Division to the conciliatory gestures of the Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, which were in marked contrast to Sheikh Abdullah's hard-line attitude.[7] James Roach points out that Bakshi's National Conference firmly stood for the State's accession to India. It also capitalized on the economic and social advances that the party had implemented.[8]
Government formation
Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was reappointed as the Prime Minister in July 1957. Shamlal Saraf was reappointed as a Cabinet Minister along with five new appointees: Din Nath Mahajan, Mir Ghulam Mohammed Rajpuri, Kotwal Chuni Lal, and
The members of the leftist faction of the National Conference:
References
- ^ a b c d Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 230.
- ^ a b c d Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 229.
- ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 208.
- ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 227.
- ^ Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 228.
- ^ a b Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 75.
- ^ a b Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012, p. 229-230.
- JSTOR 3024537
Bibliography
- ISBN 0-674-01173-2
- Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012) [first published 1968], Jammu and Kashmir, Springer, ISBN 978-94-011-9231-6