1971 Indian Airlines hijacking
Satwari Airport | |
Occupants | 32 |
---|---|
Passengers | 29 |
Crew | 3 |
Fatalities | 0 |
Survivors | 32 (all) |
On 30 January 1971, an
Ganga was one of the oldest aircraft in the Indian Airlines fleet and was already withdrawn from service but was re-inducted days before the hijacking.[2]
India retaliated to the hijacking and subsequent burning by banning overflights of Pakistani aircraft over Indian territory. The ban, occurring in the run-up to the December 1971 war between the countries, had a significant impact on troop movement into the erstwhile East Pakistan, now Bangladesh.[2] Pakistan reacted by charging the hijackers and other NLF militants with conspiracy. The crackdown severely weakened militant organisation. Subsequently, the leader of the movement, Amanullah Khan, moved to Britain, where he established a new organisation called the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front.
Planning
Burning
The hijackers landed the aircraft at
Crackdown
For some time, the Qureshis were lauded as heroes. After India reacted by banning overflight of Pakistani aircraft over India, the Pakistani authorities claimed that the hijack was staged by India, and arrested the hijackers and all their collaborators. A one-man investigation committee headed by Justice Noorul Arifeen declared the hijacking to be an Indian conspiracy, citing Qureshi's appointment in the Border Security Force. In addition to the hijackers, Maqbool Bhat and 150 other NLF fighters were arrested. Seven people were eventually brought to trial (the rest being held without charges). The High Court acquitted all of them of treason charges. Hashim Qureshi alone was convicted of terrorism and sentenced to seven years in prison. Ironically, Ashraf Qureshi was released even though he was an equal participant in the hijacking. This is said to have been due to a deal made by Zulikar Bhutto, by now the President of Pakistan, who declared that he would convict one hijacker but release the other.[4][7]
To escape the close surveillance and pressure from the Pakistan government, Amanullah Khan and Abdul Khaliq Ansari moved to the UK, where they found active support from the
In popular media
A movie titled IB71, starring Vidyut Jammwal, was released in May 2023, which is based on this hijacking.[12]
See also
- List of hijackings of Indian aeroplanes § 1970s
- List of aircraft hijackings § 1970s
- List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location § India
- List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline (D–O)#I
- List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft § 1971
- IB71
Further reading
- Kishin R. Wadhwaney (2005). Indian Airports (Shocking Ground Realities). Diamond Pocket Books. ISBN 978-81-288-0872-2.
- Willem Wendt (1993). Fokker 100 Production List. Stichting Airnieuws Nederland. ISBN 978-90-74250-08-5.
References
- ^ "Who was behind hijacking of IA plane 'Ganga'?". Fouq Library. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ^ Rediff. Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ^ "Hijack into terror". The Times of India. 6 October 2001. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ^ a b c Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad 2007, pp. 112–113.
- ^ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 92-93.
- ^ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 94-95.
- ^ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 96-97.
- ^ In Amanullah Khan's death Kashmiri separatism lost its champion Archived 1 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Catch News, 27 April 2016.
- ^ Abdul Khaliq Ansari passes away Archived 15 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Greater Kashmir, 17 June 2013.
- ^ Statement of Advocate Abdul Khaliq Ansari before ‘Azad Kashmir” High Court in 1971 Archived 15 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Jammu Kashmir Democratic Liberation Party, 8 June 2015.
- ^ Sökefeld & Bolognani, Kashmiris in Britain 2011, p. 118.
- ^ "What is the true story behind the IB 71 movie, based on the 1971 India-Pak war?". Jagranjosh.com. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
Bibliography
- Jamal, Arif (2009), Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir, Melville House, ISBN 978-1-933633-59-6
- Sökefeld, Martin; Bolognani, Marta (2011), ""Kashmiris in Britain: A political project or a social reality", in Bolognani, Marta; Lyon, Stephen M. (eds.), Pakistan and Its Diaspora: Multidisciplinary Approaches, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 111–134, ISBN 978-0230119079
- ISBN 978-0-415-40459-4
External links
- Hijacking description at the Aviation Safety Network