1972 United States Senate elections

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1972 United States Senate elections

← 1970 November 7, 1972 1974 →

33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Mike Mansfield Hugh Scott
Party
Democratic
Republican
Leader since January 3, 1961 September 24, 1969
Leader's seat Montana Pennsylvania
Seats before 54 44
Seats after 56 42
Seat change Increase 2 Decrease 2
Popular vote 17,199,567 19,821,203
Percentage 45.5% 52.4%
Seats up 14 19
Races won 16 17

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party
Independent
Conservative
Seats before 1 1
Seats after 1[1] 1
Seat change Steady Steady
Seats up 0 0
Races won 0 0

1972 United States Senate election in Alabama1972 United States Senate election in Alaska1972 United States Senate election in Arkansas1972 United States Senate election in Colorado1972 United States Senate election in Delaware1972 United States Senate election in Georgia1972 United States Senate election in Idaho1972 United States Senate election in Illinois1972 United States Senate election in Iowa1972 United States Senate election in Kansas1972 United States Senate election in Kentucky1972 United States Senate election in Louisiana1972 United States Senate election in Maine1972 United States Senate election in Massachusetts1972 United States Senate election in Michigan1972 United States Senate election in Minnesota1972 United States Senate election in Mississippi1972 United States Senate election in Montana1972 United States Senate election in Nebraska1972 United States Senate election in New Hampshire1972 United States Senate election in New Jersey1972 United States Senate election in New Mexico1972 United States Senate election in North Carolina1972 United States Senate election in Oklahoma1972 United States Senate election in Oregon1972 United States Senate election in Rhode Island1972 United States Senate election in South Carolina1972 United States Senate election in South Dakota1972 United States Senate election in Tennessee1972 United States Senate election in Texas1972 United States Senate election in Virginia1972 United States Senate election in West Virginia1972 United States Senate election in Wyoming
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Republican gain
     Democratic hold      Republican hold
     No election

Majority Leader
before election

Mike Mansfield

Democratic

Elected
Majority Leader

Mike Mansfield

Democratic

The 1972 United States Senate elections were held on November 7, with the 33 seats of

William B. Spong Jr.
of Virginia.

After the elections, Democrats held 56 seats, and

independent senator in the chamber as well. These were the first elections in which all citizens at least 18 years of age (instead of 21, and older) could vote, due to the 1971 passage of the 26th Amendment
.

As of 2024, this is the last time in which a Republican won a Senate election in New Jersey. Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States (2021–present) and 47th vice president (2009–2017), first won election to the United States Senate, defeating J. Caleb Boggs in the election in Delaware.

Results summary

56 1 1 42
Democratic I C Republican
Parties Total
Democratic Republican
Conservative
Independent Other
Last elections (1970)
Before these elections
54 44 1 1 0 100
Not up 40 25 1 1 67
Up
Class 2 (1966→1972)
14 19 0 0 33
Incumbent retired 3 3 6
Held by same party 1 1 2
Replaced by other party Decrease2 Republicans replaced by Increase2 Democrats
Decrease2 Democrats replaced by Increase2 Republicans
4
Result 3 3 0 0 0 6
Incumbent ran 11 16 27
Won re-election 8 12 20
Lost re-election Decrease4 Republicans replaced by Increase4 Democrats
Decrease1 Democrat replaced by Increase1 Republican
5
Lost renomination,
but held by same party
1 0 1
Lost renomination,
and party lost
Decrease1 Democrat replaced by Increase1 Republican 1
Result 13 14 0 0 0 27
Total elected 16 17 0 0 0 33
Net gain/loss Increase2 Decrease2 Steady Steady Steady 2
Nationwide vote 17,199,567 19,821,203 42,348 318,238 427,742 37,809,098
Share 45.49% 52.42% 0.11% 0.84% 1.13% 100%
Result 56 42 1 1 0 100

Source:

U.S. Government Printing Office
. Retrieved November 22, 2020.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Three Republicans and three Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

State Senator Replaced by
Idaho Leonard B. Jordan
James A. McClure
Kentucky John Sherman Cooper Walter Dee Huddleston
Louisiana Elaine Edwards J. Bennett Johnston
New Mexico Clinton Anderson Pete Domenici
Oklahoma Fred R. Harris Dewey F. Bartlett
South Dakota Karl Mundt James Abourezk

Defeats

Four Republicans and three Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State Senator Replaced by
Colorado Gordon Allott Floyd Haskell
Delaware J. Caleb Boggs Joe Biden
Georgia David H. Gambrell Sam Nunn
Iowa Jack Miller
Dick Clark
Maine Margaret Chase Smith William Hathaway
North Carolina B. Everett Jordan Jesse Helms
Virginia William Spong Jr. William L. Scott

Post-election changes

State Senator Replaced by
Ohio
(Class 3)
William B. Saxbe Howard Metzenbaum

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the January 7, 1972, Vermont special election.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30
D40 D39 D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31
D41
Ala.
Ran
D42
Ark.
Ran
D43
Ga. (sp)
Ga. (reg)
Ran
D44
La.
Retired
D45
Minn.
Ran
D46
Miss.
Ran
D47
Mont.
Ran
D48
N.H.
Ran
D49
N.M.
Ran
D50
N.C.
Ran
Majority → D51
Okla.
Ran
R41
S.D.
Ran
R42
Tenn.
Ran
R43
Texas
Retired
R44
Wyo.
Ran
C1 I1 D54
W.Va.
Ran
D53
Va.
Ran
D52
R.I.
Ran
R40
S.C.
Ran
R39
Ore.
Ran
R38
N.J.
Ran
R37
Neb.
Ran
R36
Mich.
Ran
R35
Mass.
Ran
R34
Maine
Ran
R33
Ky.
Retired
R32
Kan.
Ran
R31
Iowa
Ran
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26
Alaska
Ran
R27
Colo.
Ran
R28
Del.
Ran
R29
Idaho
Ran
R30
Ill.
Ran
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

Elections results

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30
D40 D39 D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31
D41
Ala.
Re-elected
D42
Ark.
Re-elected
D43
Ga. (sp)
Ga. (reg)
Hold
D44
La.
Hold
D45
Minn.
Re-elected
D46
Miss.
Re-elected
D47
Mont.
Re-elected
D48
N.H.
Re-elected
D49
R.I.
Re-elected
D50
W.Va.
Re-elected
Majority → D51
Colo.
Gain
R41
Okla.
Gain
R42
Va.
Gain
C1 I1 D56
S.D.
Gain
D55
Maine
Gain
D54
Ky.
Gain
D53
Iowa
Gain
D52
Del.
Gain
R40
N.C.
Gain
R39
N.M.
Gain
R38
Wyo.
Re-elected
R37
Texas
Re-elected
R36
Tenn.
Re-elected
R35
S.C.
Re-elected
R34
Ore.
Re-elected
R33
N.J.
Re-elected
R32
Neb.
Re-elected
R31
Mich.
Re-elected
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26
Alaska
Re-elected
R27
Idaho
Hold
R28
Ill.
Re-elected
R29
Kan.
Re-elected
R30
Mass.
Re-elected
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
Key:
C# Conservative
D# Democratic
R# Republican
I# Independent

Race summaries

Special elections during the 92nd Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1972 or before January 3, 1973; ordered by election date, then state.

State
(linked to
summaries below)
Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Vermont
(Class 1)
Robert Stafford Republican 1971 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 7, 1972.
Georgia
(Class 2)
David H. Gambrell Democratic 1971 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost nomination.
New senator elected November 7, 1972.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Sam Nunn (Democratic) 52.0%
  • Fletcher Thompson (Republican) 46.5%
  • Alice Conner (Independent) 1.0%
  • George Schmidt (Independent) 0.5%[3]

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1973; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State
(linked to
summaries below)
Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama John Sparkman Democratic
1946 (special)
1948
1954
1960
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
Alaska Ted Stevens Republican 1968 (Appointed)
1970 (special)
Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas John L. McClellan Democratic Incumbent re-elected.
Colorado Gordon Allott Republican 1954
1960
1966
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Green tickY Floyd Haskell (Democratic) 49.4%
  • Gordon Allott (Republican) 48.4%
  • Secundion Salazar (Raza Unida) 1.4%
  • Henry Olshaw (American) 0.8%
Delaware J. Caleb Boggs Republican 1960
1966
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Georgia David H. Gambrell Democratic 1971 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost nomination.
New senator
elected
.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to finish the term, see above.
Idaho Leonard B. Jordan Republican 1962 (Appointed)
1962 (special)
1966
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Illinois Charles H. Percy Republican 1966 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa Jack Miller Republican 1960
1966
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Green tickY
    Dick Clark
    (Democratic) 55.1%
  • Jack Miller (Republican) 44.1%
Kansas James B. Pearson Republican 1962 (Appointed)
1962 (special)
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky John Sherman Cooper Republican 1946 (special)
1948 (Lost)
1952 (special)
1954 (Lost)
1956 (special)
1960
1966
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana Elaine Edwards Democratic 1972 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Interim appointee resigned November 13, 1972, to give successor preferential seniority.
Winner appointed November 14, 1972.
Maine Margaret Chase Smith Republican 1948
1954
1960
1966
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts Edward Brooke Republican 1966 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan Robert P. Griffin Republican 1966 (Appointed)
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota Walter Mondale DFL 1964 (Appointed)
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi James Eastland Democratic Incumbent re-elected.
Montana Lee Metcalf Democratic 1960
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Lee Metcalf (Democratic) 52.0%
  • Henry S. Hibbard (Republican) 48.1%
Nebraska Carl Curtis Republican 1954
1960
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire Thomas J. McIntyre Democratic 1962 (special)
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey Clifford P. Case Republican 1954
1960
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
New Mexico Clinton Anderson Democratic Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
North Carolina B. Everett Jordan Democratic 1958 (Appointed)
1958 (special)
1960
1966
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Oklahoma Fred R. Harris Democratic 1964 (special)
1966
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Oregon Mark Hatfield Republican 1966 Incumbent re-elected.
Rhode Island Claiborne Pell Democratic 1960
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina Strom Thurmond Republican 1954 (write-in)[a]
1954 (Appointed)
1956 (Resigned)
1956 (special)
1960
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Strom Thurmond (Republican) 63.3%
  • Eugene N. Zeigler (Democratic) 36.7%
South Dakota Karl Mundt Republican
1948
1948 (Appointed)
1954
1960
1966
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Green tickY James Abourezk (Democratic) 57.0%
  • Robert W. Hirsch (Republican) 42.9%
Tennessee Howard Baker Republican 1966 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas John Tower Republican 1961 (special)
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia William Spong Jr. Democratic 1966 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
West Virginia Jennings Randolph Democratic 1958 (special)
1960
1966
Incumbent re-elected.
Wyoming Clifford Hansen Republican 1966 Incumbent re-elected.

Closest races

Seventeen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State Party of winner Margin
Colorado Democratic (flip) 1.0%
Delaware Democratic (flip) 1.4%
Kentucky Democratic (flip) 3.3%
Oklahoma Republican (flip) 3.8%
Montana Democratic 3.9%
Virginia Republican (flip) 5.4%
Georgia (special) Democratic 5.5%
Michigan Republican 6.0%
Nebraska Republican 6.3%
Maine Democratic (flip) 6.4%
Idaho Republican 6.8%
Oregon Republican 7.5%
Georgia Democratic 7.95%[b]
Rhode Island Democratic 8.0%
New Mexico Republican (flip) 8.0%
North Carolina Republican (flip) 8.0%
Texas Republican 9.1%

Alabama

Alabama election

← 1966
1978 →
 
Nominee John Sparkman
Winton Blount
Party
Democratic
Republican
Popular vote 654,491 347,523
Percentage 62.27% 33.06%

County results
Sparkman:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Blount:      50–60%
LeFlore:      40–50%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

John Sparkman

Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

John Sparkman

Democratic