1976 Bali earthquake
US$195 million | |
Max. intensity | MMI IX (Violent) |
---|---|
Landslides | Many |
Casualties | 573 killed 4750+ injured |
The 1976 Bali earthquake occurred at 15:13 local time on 14 July with a
Tectonic setting
The island of Bali forms part of the Sunda Arc, which formed above the convergent boundary where the Australian Plate is subducting beneath the Sunda Plate. The rate of convergence across the line of the Sunda–Java Trench is 7.5 cm per year. Eastwards from Bali, the Sunda Arc is also being thrust over the Bali and Flores back-arc basins on a series of south-dipping thrusts. Focal mechanisms for earthquakes near Bali are dominantly thrust sense on both the subduction interface and the system of thrust faults to the north.[10]
A
Earthquake
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the 14 July shock occurred 915 km (569 mi) east-southeast of Jakarta at a depth of 25.4 km (15.8 mi) although the hypocenter may actually have been as deep as 40 km (25 mi). The main shock lasted for a duration of nearly a minute.[6] Several fumaroles reportedly formed in the Yeh Kuning sub-district of Jembrana and released sulfurous fumes.[4] The Jakarta Geophysical Service initially believed the epicenter to be in the Bali Strait, some 25 km (16 mi) west of the location observed by the USGS.[4] A subsequent shock of 5.9 Ms occurred at 18:23 local time on 14 July a short distance north, although the hypocenter was at a more shallow 16.3 km (10.1 mi).[11]
Damage
According to data from the 1971
In the first few days, international media focused in particular on the plight of up to 200 school children who were reportedly trapped by the collapse of a single school building within Seririt town; the bodies of ten children were recovered on the day of the main shock, and another six bodies were reportedly recovered in following days.[14][15] More than 60 students died in the collapse of this particular school, however the exact name of the school remains unclear.[16]
The only
Damage to infrastructure in Busung Biu and other mountainous sub-districts meant that personnel of a Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Medical Relief mission had to trek into mountain towns by foot, carrying supplies by hand. During the mission, the Singaporean team reportedly experienced three further damaging tremors.[17]
Although Seririt and rural sub-districts of Buleleng were most severely affected, a 60-bed hospital in the town of
Relief effort
The
The
On 17 July, the Australian destroyer escort
On 19 July, the
On 22 July, the
On 27 July, a
Recorded deaths by date (Source: Disaster in Bali caused by Earthquake, 1976)[6] | ||||
Date | Buleleng | Jembrana | Tabanan | Total |
14 July | – | 8 | – | 8 |
16 July | 200 | 20 | 3 | 223 |
17 July | 416 | 21 | 4 | 441 |
19 July | 513 | – | – | 513 |
20 July | 532 | 23 | – | 555 |
23 July | 544 | – | – | 544 |
26 July | 544 | 24 | 5 | 573 |
See also
References
- ^ National Geophysical Data Center. "Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ USGS (November 8, 2008). "ShakeMap Atlas (Version 1.0) – 1976-07-14-0713". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ Utsu, T. "Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2009)". International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ^ UPI. 15 July 1976. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Quake rips Bali, kills at least 223". The Morning Record. Associated Press. 16 July 1976. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ PMID 20958402.
- ^ a b c d e f Disaster case report: INDONESIA/BALI – Earthquake (PDF). Washington D.C.: Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Aid Assistance. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- Canberra Times. AAP. 17 July 1976. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- Canberra Times. AAP. 20 July 1976. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- doi:10.1029/jb092ib01p00441. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ^ USGS (November 4, 2008). "ShakeMap Atlas (Version 1.0) – 1976-07-14-1023". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 16 July 1976. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- . 16 July 1976. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ "Bali earthquake takes 223 lives, injures 2350". Daily News. Associated Press. 15 July 1976. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- Canberra Times. AAP. 19 July 1976. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ Arya, Dr. Anand (August 2002). "Consultant report on field survey of natural disasters" (PDF). preventionweb.net. United Nations Centre for Regional Development. p. 8. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ Singapore Ministry of Defense. Singapore Armed Forces Medical Corps. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ Yudantini, Ni Made. "Balinese traditional landscape". Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University. Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- . 17 July 1976. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- ^ "HMAS Parramatta (III)". navy.gov.au. Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- Canberra Times. 17 July 1976. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- Canberra Times. 20 July 1976. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
External links
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.