1984 Tour de France
Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dates | 29 June – 22 July 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stages | 23 + Prologue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distance | 4,021 km (2,499 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Winning time | 112h 03' 40" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1984 Tour de France was the 71st edition of the
Hinault was pursuing his fifth Tour victory after having sat out the
Teams
There was room for 18 teams in the 1984 Tour de France; in early 1984, there were 17 candidate teams. Although the Tour organisation approached AVP–Viditel and Metauromobili, an 18th team was not added.[2] The 1984 Tour started with 170 cyclists, divided into 17 teams of 10 cyclists.[3] Of these, 42 were riding the Tour de France for the first time.[4] The average age of riders in the race was 26.99 years,[5] ranging from the 21-year-old Carlos Marta (Sporting–Raposeira) to the 37-year-old Joop Zoetemelk (Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko).[6] The Renault–Elf cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on Carrera–Inoxpran had the oldest.[7]
The teams entering the race were:[3]
Route and stages
The 1984 Tour de France started on 29 June, and had one rest day, in Grenoble.[8] The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,642 m (8,668 ft) at the summit of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 18.[9][10]
Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | 29 June | Montreuil to Noisy-le-Sec | 5 km (3.1 mi) | Individual time trial | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | |
1 | 30 June | Bondy to Saint-Denis | 149 km (93 mi) | Plain stage | Frank Hoste (BEL) | |
2 | 1 July | Bobigny to Louvroil | 249 km (155 mi) | Plain stage | Marc Madiot (FRA) | |
3 | 2 July | Louvroil to Valenciennes | 51 km (32 mi) | Team time trial | Renault–Elf | |
4 | 2 July | Valenciennes to Béthune | 83 km (52 mi) | Plain stage | Ferdi Van Den Haute (BEL) | |
5 | 3 July | Béthune to Cergy-Pontoise | 207 km (129 mi) | Plain stage | Paulo Ferreira (POR) | |
6 | 4 July | Cergy-Pontoise to Alençon | 202 km (126 mi) | Plain stage | Frank Hoste (BEL) | |
7 | 5 July | Alençon to Le Mans | 67 km (42 mi) | Individual time trial | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | |
8 | 6 July | Le Mans to Nantes | 192 km (119 mi) | Plain stage | Pascal Jules (FRA) | |
9 | 7 July | Nantes to Bordeaux | 338 km (210 mi) | Plain stage | Jan Raas (NED) | |
10 | 8 July | Langon to Pau | 198 km (123 mi) | Plain stage | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) | |
11 | 9 July | Pau to Guzet-Neige | 227 km (141 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Robert Millar (GBR)
| |
12 | 10 July | Saint-Girons to Blagnac | 111 km (69 mi) | Plain stage | Pascal Poisson (FRA) | |
13 | 11 July | Blagnac to Rodez | 220 km (140 mi) | Plain stage | Pierre-Henri Menthéour (FRA) | |
14 | 12 July | Rodez to Domaine du Rouret | 228 km (142 mi) | Hilly stage | Fons De Wolf (BEL) | |
15 | 13 July | Domaine du Rouret to Grenoble | 241 km (150 mi) | Hilly stage | Frédéric Vichot (FRA) | |
14 July | Grenoble | Rest day | ||||
16 | 15 July | La Ruchère |
22 km (14 mi) | Individual time trial | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | |
17 | 16 July | Grenoble to Alpe d'Huez | 151 km (94 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Luis Herrera (COL)
| |
18 | 17 July | Le Bourg-d'Oisans to La Plagne | 185 km (115 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | |
19 | 18 July | La Plagne to Morzine | 186 km (116 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Ángel Arroyo (ESP) | |
20 | 19 July | Morzine to Crans-Montana (Switzerland) | 141 km (88 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | |
21 | 20 July | Crans-Montana (Switzerland) to Villefranche-sur-Saône | 320 km (200 mi) | Hilly stage | Frank Hoste (BEL) | |
22 | 21 July | Villié-Morgon to Villefranche-sur-Saône | 51 km (32 mi) | Individual time trial | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | |
23 | 22 July | Pantin to Paris (Champs-Élysées) | 197 km (122 mi) | Hilly stage | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) | |
Total | 4,021 km (2,499 mi)[15] |
Race overview
The 1984 Tour de France was a battle between reigning champion Fignon and his former team captain Hinault. Questions had been raised about the strength of Fignon's 1983 win due to Hinault's absence and
Stage six was a flat stage without a surviving breakaway meaning it was decided in a bunch finish, which was won by Hoste yet again, who this time edged out
In stage ten
Going into the rest day Le Guilloux and Ferreira had long since fallen out of the top 10, however Vincent Barteau, perhaps inspired by the legend and mystique associated with the
With the heavy climbing finished Fignon had an all but insurmountable lead over Hinault of 9:56, and LeMond was only 1:13 behind Hinault. Stage twenty-one was back to the flatlands where the always gutsy, prideful and spirited Hinault decided to work his way to the front of the pack and bang elbows with the sprinters fighting it out for the stage win. Despite the fact the Tour was lost, yet Hinault continued charging on and fighting for stage wins, is part of the reason his popularity soared even higher than it already was with racing fans during the 1984 Tour.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1984 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.[21] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[22]
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[23]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[24]
There was also a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications.[25]
Another classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[25]
Before the 1984 Tour, the intermediate sprints classification did not have a jersey. In the 1984 Tour, the organisers gave the leader of the classification a red jersey to wear. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints.[26]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.[26] There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.[26]
In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after certain stages to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.[27] At the conclusion of the Tour, Bernard Hinault won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.[8] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 18. This prize was won by Francisco Rodríguez Maldonado.[28]
- In stage 1, Laurent Fignon wore the green jersey, because Bernard Hinault already wore the yellow jersey.
- In stage 2, Harald Maier wore the polka dot jersey, because Ludo Peeters already wore the yellow jersey.
- In stage 4, Allan Peiper wore the white jersey, because Jacques Hanegraaf already wore the yellow jersey.
- In stages 6 – 11, Paulo Ferreira wore the white jersey, because Vincent Barteau already wore the yellow jersey.
- In stages 12 – 17, Greg LeMond wore the white jersey, because Vincent Barteau already wore the yellow jersey.
Final standings
Legend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Denotes the winner of the general classification | Denotes the winner of the points classification | |||
Denotes the winner of the mountains classification | Denotes the winner of the young rider classification | |||
Denotes the winner of the intermediate sprints classification |
General classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 112h 03' 40" |
2 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | + 10' 32" |
3 | Greg LeMond (USA) | Renault–Elf | + 11' 46" |
4 | Robert Millar (GBR) |
Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 14' 42" |
5 | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 16' 35" |
6 | Ángel Arroyo (ESP) | Reynolds | + 19' 22" |
7 | Pascal Simon (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 21' 17" |
8 | Pedro Muñoz Machín Rodríguez (ESP) |
Teka | + 26' 17" |
9 | Claude Criquielion (BEL) | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | + 29' 12" |
10 | Phil Anderson (AUS) | Panasonic–Raleigh | + 29' 16" |
Points classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Frank Hoste (BEL) | Europ Decor–Boule d'Or |
322 |
2 | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 318 |
3 | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) | Panasonic–Raleigh | 247 |
4 | Leo van Vliet (NED) | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 173 |
5 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 146 |
6 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 143 |
7 | Francis Castaing (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 137 |
8 | Pascal Jules (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 123 |
9 | Jean-François Rault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 83 |
10 | Jean-Philippe Vandenbrande (BEL) | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | 80 |
Mountains classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Robert Millar (GBR) |
Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 284 |
2 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 212 |
3 | Ángel Arroyo (ESP) | Reynolds | 140 |
4 | Luis Herrera (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | 108 |
5 | José Patrocinio Jiménez (COL) | Teka | 92 |
6 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 89 |
7 | Pascal Simon (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 79 |
8 | Theo de Rooij (NED) | Panasonic–Raleigh | 74 |
9 | Greg LeMond (USA) | Renault–Elf | 69 |
10 | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 65 |
Young rider classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Greg LeMond (USA) | Renault–Elf | 112h 15' 26" |
2 | Pedro Muñoz Machín Rodríguez (ESP) |
Teka | + 14' 31" |
3 | Niki Rüttimann (SUI) | La Vie Claire | + 19' 12" |
4 | Rafael Acevedo (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 21' 46" |
5 | José Antonio Agudelo Gómez (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 37' 39" |
6 | Frédéric Vichot (FRA) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 41' 32" |
7 | Luis Herrera (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 46' 44" |
8 | Vincent Barteau (FRA) | Renault–Elf | + 48' 16" |
9 | Gilles Mas (FRA) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 53' 52" |
10 | Jérôme Simon (FRA) | La Redoute | + 1h 04' 47" |
Intermediate sprints classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Jacques Hanegraaf (NED) | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 155 |
2 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 52 |
3 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 51 |
4 | Phil Anderson (AUS) | Panasonic–Raleigh | 47 |
5 | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 47 |
6 | Alain Bondue (FRA) | La Redoute | 42 |
7 | Alfons De Wolf (BEL) | Europ Decor–Boule d'Or |
37 |
8 | Pascal Jules (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 34 |
9 | Dominique Garde (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 34 |
10 | Ludo Peeters (BEL) | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 32 |
Team classification
Rank | Team | Time |
---|---|---|
1 | Renault–Elf | 336h 31' 16" |
2 | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 46' 44" |
3 | Reynolds | + 57' 58" |
4 | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 1h 01' 57" |
5 | La Vie Claire | + 1h 15' 59" |
6 | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 1h 25' 02" |
7 | Panasonic–Raleigh | + 1h 31' 09" |
8 | Teka | + 1h 39' 47" |
9 | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | + 2h 21' 37" |
10 | Cilo–Aufina–Crans–Montana | + 2h 50' 56" |
Team points classification
Rank | Team | Points |
---|---|---|
1 | Panasonic–Raleigh | 1159 |
2 | Renault–Elf | 1318 |
3 | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 1322 |
4 | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 1371 |
5 | La Vie Claire | 1506 |
6 | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 2048 |
7 | Reynolds | 2136 |
8 | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | 2162 |
9 | COOP–Hoonved | 2224 |
10 | Teka | 2433 |
References
- ^ a b Cossins, Peter (22 July 2014). "Renault: The best Tour de France team ever?". cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "Zeventien formaties kandidaat voor Tour". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). Koninklijke Bibliotheek. 26 January 1984. p. 21. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
- ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1984 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 1984 – Debutants". ProCyclingStats. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 1984 – Peloton averages". ProCyclingStats. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 1984 – Youngest competitors". ProCyclingStats. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 1984 – Average team age". ProCyclingStats. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ a b Augendre 2016, p. 75.
- ^ Augendre 2016, pp. 177–178.
- ^ "Ronde van Frankrijk 84" [Tour de France 84]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 28 June 1984. p. 10 – via Delpher.
- ^ "71ème Tour de France 1984" [71st Tour de France 1984]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ Augendre 2016, p. 74.
- ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCCBike.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1984 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ Augendre 2016, p. 110.
- ^ a b c "1984 Tour de France". Bike Race Info (71st edition: June 29 – July 22, 1984 ed.).
- ^ McGann & McGann 2008, p. 147.
- ^ McGann & McGann 2008, p. 152.
- ^ a b "Remembering Laurent Figons 1984 Tour De France Win". 31 August 2015.
- ^ "Former Teammates Battle".
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
- ^ a b Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
- ^ a b c Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
- ^ van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
- ^ "Fignon legt z'n wil op" [Fignon imposes his will]. De Waarheid (in Dutch). 19 July 1984. p. 4 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Dag na dag" [Day to day]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 23 July 1984. p. 21. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019.
- ^ a b Martin 1984, p. 125.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1984" [Information about the Tour de France from 1984]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1984 – Stage 23 Pantin > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Clasificaciones oficiales" (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 24 July 1984. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2019.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Puntenklassementsdingen in de Tour de France 1984" [Points classification in the Tour de France 1984]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Bergdoorkomsten in de Tour de France 1984" [Mountain passages in the Tour de France 1984]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ "Tour in cijfers". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). 23 July 1984. p. 14. Retrieved 18 March 2012 – via Regionaal Archief Leiden.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Stand in het jongerenklassement – Etappe 23" [Standings in the youth classification – Stage 23]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ Martin 1984, p. 126.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Stand in het ploegenklassement" [Standings in the team classification]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Bibliography
- Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - Martin, Pierre (1984). Tour 84: The Stories of the 1984 Tour of Italy and Tour de France. With contributions from: Penazzo, Sergio; Baratino, Dante; Schamps, Daniel; Vos, Cor. Keighley, UK: Kennedy Brothers Publishing. OCLC 39314185.
- McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007. Vol. 2. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-608-4.
- Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
- van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-79398-080-9.
External links
Media related to Tour de France 1984 at Wikimedia Commons