1990 Bohol Sea earthquake
Dip-slip | |
| Areas affected | Bohol, Camiguin, Siquijor |
|---|---|
| Total damage | ₱157 million ($7 million) |
| Max. intensity | PEIS VII (Destructive) RFS VIII (Damaging tremor) |
| Tsunami | Yes, 2 meter waves observed in Camiguin island |
| Landslides | Yes |
| Aftershocks | 6.6 Mw[1] |
| Casualties | 6 fatalities, 200+ injuries |
The 1990 Bohol earthquake occurred on February 8, 1990 at 15:15:32 (UTC +8) which had a magnitude of 6.8 Mw . The earthquake had a moderate depth of 25.9 km (16 mi).[2] Most of the damage was observed in the province of Bohol.[3] A tsunami hit the southeastern coastline of Bohol and the island of Camiguin.[4] There were 6 deaths, over 200 injuries and an estimated ₱157 million ($7 million) in total damage reported.[5]
Twenty-three years later, a much more devastating 7.2 Mw under the same fault system would strike the island killing 222 individuals.[6]
Tectonic Setting
The Philippines is usually prone to earthquakes due to its location within the Pacific Ring of Fire, where most of the world's seismological events occur. The Bohol Sea is home to segments of the Philippine Fault System, a system of fault line extending from the Northwestern province of Ilocos Sur, transversing through Quezon province, Masbate Island and the Eastern Visayas region, and ending at the end of Davao Gulf. The fault that had ruptured suggested a northeast-southwest trending nodal plane. However, overlaying layers of milocene dated limestone suggested that the fault was inactive for numerous years.[4][5][7]
Earthquake
The epicentre of the quake was located 17 km southeast of Tagbilaran City and was due to the rupture of an unknown normal fault line offshore Bohol island. The ruptures have caused dipping in a southeastern direction.[7] It recorded a moment magnitude of 6.7–6.8, measuring an intensity of VII (Destructive) on the PHIVOLCS Intensity Scale, as well as a maximum intensity of VIII (Damaging tremor) on the Rossi-Forrel scale recorded in Tagbilaran City.[2][5]
Approximately 30 minutes after the mainshock, an aftershock with a close magnitude of 6.6 Mw occurred near the same area, with a different slip pattern, directing in a northwestward direction. The said aftershock caused some damage and further worsened the conditions from the already affected buildings.[3][8]
Tsunami
The rupture from the unknown fault that caused tsunami waves reported as high as 2 meters to strike the surrounding islands nearby. There were no damage reported from the waves.[9][4]
Casualties and damage
Damage was mostly sustained by the Eastern and Southeastern Coastline of Bohol most of which were due to poorly built infrastructure that could not stand such strong movement. Estimates say that about 3,000 units of houses and other structures as well as 182 of which were totally demolished such as a bridge connecting the towns of Jagna and Duero and roads to the town of Anda. Landslides, Fissures, multiple Mud Volcanoes, and a drastic increase of sea levels were observed in particular places near the epicenter. The total cost is estimated at ₱157 million ($7 million).[5]
There were 6 confirmed deaths from the quake and at least 200 injuries. A further 46,000 were displaced and 7,000 homeless.[5]
See also
- List of earthquakes in 1990
- 2013 Bohol earthquake
- List of earthquakes in the Philippines
- Bohol Fault System
References
- ^ "M 6.6 - 6 km ESE of Bacong, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS–ANSS. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ a b "M 6.8 - 13 km E of Bacong, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
- ^ a b "Philippine Earthquake February 8, 1990" (PDF). EERI Newsletter.
- ^ Bibcode:2004AGUFM.S11A1004B.
- ^ a b c d e "February 08, 1990 Earthquake in Bohol Province. PHIVOLCS". Archived from the original on 2021-08-13.
- ^ "Deadly Philippine quake hits Bohol and Cebu". BBC News. 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
- ^ a b Evangelista, N.C.; Hurukawa, N.; Kimata, Fumiaki (January 2012). "Application of the Modified Joint Hypocenter Determination method to the 1990 and 1996 bohol earthquakes in the central Philippines and correlating GPS results". Bulletin of the International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. 46.
- ^ "M 6.6 - 6 km ESE of Bacong, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
- ^ "The 1990 Bohol earthquake: Tsunami observations and effects at Bohol Island, Philippines". Science of Tsunami Hazards.