1990 German federal election
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All 662 seats in the Bundestag 332 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Registered | 60,436,560 33.3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 46,995,915 (77.8%) 6.5pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The left side shows constituency winners of the election by their party colours. The right side shows party list winners of the election for the additional members by their party colours. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of Germany |
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The elections marked the first since 1957 that a party other than CDU/CSU and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) won a constituency seat, and the first (and only) time since 1957 that FDP won a constituency seat (Halle).
Campaign
This was the first election conducted after German reunification which took place on 3 October. Previously, the Volkskammer had selected 144 of its members which were then co-opted as Members of the German Bundestag and served until the end of the 11th Bundestag.
Almost 150 seats had been added to represent the re-established eastern states of Germany, without reducing the number of western members. The euphoria following the reunification gave the ruling CDU/CSU–FDP coalition a dramatic advantage in both Western and Eastern Germany throughout the campaign.
It was the one election for which the 5% threshold was applied not nationwide but separately for the former East Germany (including East Berlin) and former West Germany (including West Berlin). As a result, while the Western Greens did not gain representation, their ideologically-similar Eastern Alliance 90 did, with both merging to form Alliance 90/The Greens in 1993. The combined vote of the two lists totals over 5%, but as the two lists would not merge until 1993, it thus did not entitle the East German party to any elected members from the former West Germany, unlike the PDS, who managed to elect Ulla Jelpke in North Rhine-Westphalia.
The
Results
All change figures are relative to the pre-existing West German Bundestag.
Party | Party-list | Constituency | Total seats | +/– | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
Christian Democratic Union | 17,055,116 | 36.71 | 76 | 17,707,574 | 38.27 | 192 | 268 | +83 | |
Social Democratic Party | 15,545,366 | 33.46 | 148 | 16,279,980 | 35.18 | 91 | 239 | +46 | |
Free Democratic Party | 5,123,233 | 11.03 | 78 | 3,595,135 | 7.77 | 1 | 79 | +31 | |
Christian Social Union | 3,302,980 | 7.11 | 8 | 3,423,904 | 7.40 | 43 | 51 | +2 | |
The Greens (West) | 1,788,200 | 3.85 | 0 | 2,037,885 | 4.40 | 0 | 0 | −44 | |
Party of Democratic Socialism | 1,129,578 | 2.43 | 16 | 1,049,245 | 2.27 | 1 | 17 | New | |
The Republicans | 987,269 | 2.13 | 0 | 767,652 | 1.66 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Alliance 90/Greens – Citizens' Movement (East) | 559,207 | 1.20 | 8 | 552,027 | 1.19 | 0 | 8 | New | |
The Grays – Gray Panthers | 385,910 | 0.83 | 0 | 218,412 | 0.47 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Ecological Democratic Party | 205,206 | 0.44 | 0 | 243,469 | 0.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
National Democratic Party | 145,776 | 0.31 | 0 | 190,105 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
German Social Union | 89,008 | 0.19 | 0 | 131,747 | 0.28 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Christian League | 39,640 | 0.09 | 0 | 8,667 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Christian Centre | 36,446 | 0.08 | 0 | 9,824 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Bavaria Party | 31,315 | 0.07 | 0 | 10,836 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
The Women | 12,077 | 0.03 | 0 | 1,433 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Patriots for Germany | 4,687 | 0.01 | 0 | 746 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Eco-Union | 4,661 | 0.01 | 0 | 1,106 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Union of Working Groups for Employee Politics and Democracy | 4,530 | 0.01 | 0 | 704 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Communist Party of Germany | 1,630 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||
Spartacist Workers' Party of Germany | 1,610 | 0.00 | 0 | 124 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Federation of German Democrats | 1,009 | 0.00 | 0 | 474 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Federation of Socialist Workers | 826 | 0.00 | 0 | 214 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New | |
Responsible Citizens | 492 | 0.00 | 0 | 72 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
European Federalist Party | 266 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||
Independents and voter groups | 43,324 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Total | 46,455,772 | 100.00 | 334 | 46,274,925 | 100.00 | 328 | 662 | +143 | |
Valid votes | 46,455,772 | 98.85 | 46,274,925 | 98.47 | |||||
Invalid/blank votes | 540,143 | 1.15 | 720,990 | 1.53 | |||||
Total votes | 46,995,915 | 100.00 | 46,995,915 | 100.00 | |||||
Registered voters/turnout | 60,436,560 | 77.76 | 60,436,560 | 77.76 | |||||
Source: Bundeswahlleiter |
Results by state
Second vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list)
State | CDU/CSU | SPD | FDP | Grüne | PDS | REP | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baden-Württemberg | 46.5 | 29.1 | 12.3 | 5.7 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 2.9 |
Bavaria | 51.9 | 26.7 | 8.7 | 4.6 | 0.2 | 5.0 | 2.9 |
Berlin | 39.4 | 30.6 | 9.1 | 7.2[e] | 9.7 | 2.5 | 0.7 |
Brandenburg | 36.3 | 32.9 | 9.7 | 6.6 | 11.0 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
Bremen | 30.9 | 42.5 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Hamburg | 36.6 | 41.0 | 12.0 | 5.8 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
Hesse | 41.3 | 38.0 | 10.9 | 5.6 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
Lower Saxony | 44.3 | 38.4 | 10.3 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 41.2 | 26.5 | 9.1 | 5.9 | 14.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
North Rhine-Westphalia | 40.5 | 41.1 | 11.0 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
Rhineland-Palatinate | 45.6 | 36.1 | 10.4 | 4.0 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
Saarland | 38.1 | 51.2 | 6.0 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.3 |
Saxony | 49.5 | 18.2 | 12.4 | 5.9 | 9.0 | 1.2 | 3.8 |
Saxony-Anhalt | 38.6 | 24.7 | 19.7 | 5.3 | 9.4 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
Schleswig-Holstein | 43.5 | 38.5 | 11.4 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
Thuringia | 45.2 | 21.9 | 14.6 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 1.2 | 2.7 |
Old states (West) | 44.3 | 35.7 | 10.6 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 |
New states (East) | 41.8 | 24.3 | 12.9 | 6.2 | 11.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 |
Constituency seats
State | Total seats |
Seats won | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDU | SPD | CSU | FDP | PDS | ||
Baden-Württemberg | 37 | 36 | 1 | |||
Bavaria | 45 | 2 | 43 | |||
Berlin | 13 | 8 | 4 | 1 | ||
Brandenburg | 12 | 7 | 5 | |||
Bremen | 3 | 3 | ||||
Hamburg | 7 | 1 | 6 | |||
Hesse | 22 | 13 | 9 | |||
Lower Saxony | 31 | 20 | 11 | |||
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 9 | 8 | 1 | |||
North Rhine-Westphalia | 71 | 33 | 38 | |||
Rhineland-Palatinate | 16 | 12 | 4 | |||
Saarland | 5 | 5 | ||||
Saxony | 21 | 21 | ||||
Saxony-Anhalt | 13 | 12 | 1 | |||
Schleswig-Holstein | 11 | 9 | 2 | |||
Thuringia | 12 | 12 | ||||
Total | 328 | 192 | 91 | 43 | 1 | 1 |
List seats
State | Total seats |
Seats won | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPD | FDP | CDU | PDS | CSU | B90/Gr. | ||
Baden-Württemberg | 36 | 23 | 10 | 3 | |||
Bavaria | 41 | 24 | 9 | 8 | |||
Berlin | 15 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
Brandenburg | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |
Bremen | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||||
Hamburg | 7 | 2 | 5 | ||||
Hesse | 26 | 11 | 6 | 9 | |||
Lower Saxony | 34 | 16 | 7 | 11 | |||
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
North Rhine-Westphalia | 75 | 27 | 17 | 30 | 1 | ||
Rhineland-Palatinate | 18 | 9 | 4 | 5 | |||
Saarland | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
Saxony | 19 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | ||
Saxony-Anhalt | 13 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | ||
Schleswig-Holstein | 13 | 8 | 3 | 2 | |||
Thuringia | 11 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||
Total | 334 | 148 | 78 | 76 | 16 | 8 | 8 |
Post-election
The governing CDU/CSU-FDP coalition was returned to office with a landslide majority, and
Notes
- ^ Does not include 8 German Social Union guests.
- ^ In the 1990 election, the 5% electoral threshold was applied separately in the Western states and the new Eastern states. The PDS won 11.1% of votes in the new states.
- ^ A linked list of the Alliance 90 and the East German Green Party, running only in the new Eastern states.
- ^ In the 1990 election, the 5% electoral threshold was applied separately in the Western states and the new Eastern states. The Alliance 90–Eastern Greens grouping won 6.2% of votes in the new states.
- ^ 3.9% West German Green Party, 3.3% East German Green Party/Alliance 90.