1992 Philippine presidential election
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1992 Philippine vice presidential election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Philippines portal |
The 1992 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on May 11, 1992.[1] This was the first general election held under the 1987 Constitution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors.
The new constitution limited the president to a single six-year term with no possibility of reelection, even if nonsuccessive.[2] Although some of President Corazon Aquino's advisers suggested that she could run for a second term,[3] as she was sworn in before the 1987 Constitution took effect, Aquino did not run again.[4]
In the presidential election, retired general
Santiago led the canvassing of votes for the first five days but then was overtaken by Ramos in a few days. Santiago cried fraud and filed an electoral protest citing
The 1992 election was the second time both president and vice president came from different parties.
Under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, 24 senators were elected in this election. The first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have six-year terms while the next 12 senators would have three-year terms.
Candidates
Debates
A debate was held between presidential candidates Salvador Laurel and Ramon Mitra Jr. on the ABS-CBN television program Magandang Gabi... Bayan on March 7, 1992.[14] It was considered an especially heated debate between the two candidates, with the Manila Standard noting the "barbs, insults, and witticisms" exchanged during the program.[14][15]
On March 15, the
The second COMELEC-sponsored presidential debate was held on March 22 among Laurel, Mitra, and
The first vice-presidential debate as set by COMELEC was held on March 29 among Marcelo Fernan, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., and Vicente Magsaysay,[21] moderated by Mario C. Garcia and broadcast live on the government-owned PTV.[22]
Results
For President
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fidel V. Ramos | Lakas–NUCD | 5,342,521 | 23.58 | |
Miriam Defensor Santiago | People's Reform Party | 4,468,173 | 19.72 | |
Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. | Nationalist People's Coalition | 4,116,376 | 18.17 | |
Ramon Mitra Jr. | Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino | 3,316,661 | 14.64 | |
Imelda Marcos | Kilusang Bagong Lipunan | 2,338,294 | 10.32 | |
Jovito Salonga | Liberal Party | 2,302,124 | 10.16 | |
Salvador Laurel | Nacionalista Party | 770,046 | 3.40 | |
Total | 22,654,195 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 22,654,195 | 93.40 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 1,600,759 | 6.60 | ||
Total votes | 24,254,954 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 32,141,079 | 75.46 | ||
Source: Nohlen, Grotz, Hartmann, Hasall and Santos[23] |
Breakdown
Region | Ramos | Santiago | Cojuangco
|
Mitra | Marcos | Salonga | Laurel | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Ilocos Region | 526,653 | 36.84 | 74,084 | 5.18 | 376,465 | 26.33 | 67,009 | 4.69 | 355,550 | 24.87 | 22,960 | 1.61 | 7,006 | 0.49 |
Cordillera Administrative Region | 76,643 | 18.10 | 66,348 | 15.67 | 89,441 | 21.12 | 76,224 | 18.00 | 65,969 | 15.58 | 45,133 | 10.66 | 3,702 | 0.87 |
Cagayan Valley | 110,237 | 13.20 | 46,378 | 5.55 | 282,798 | 33.87 | 91,970 | 11.01 | 241,125 | 28.88 | 56,447 | 6.76 | 6,083 | 0.73 |
Central Luzon | 692,515 | 27.57 | 519,769 | 20.69 | 754,737 | 30.05 | 216,944 | 8.64 | 135,022 | 5.38 | 178,896 | 7.12 | 13,951 | 0.56 |
National Capital Region | 679,171 | 20.54 | 990,288 | 29.94 | 572,301 | 17.30 | 193,398 | 5.85 | 379,846 | 11.48 | 438,048 | 13.24 | 54,273 | 1.64 |
Southern Tagalog | 442,563 | 13.93 | 579,563 | 18.24 | 517,724 | 16.30 | 538,869 | 16.96 | 173,389 | 5.46 | 344,803 | 10.85 | 483,262 | 15.21 |
Bicol Region | 285,370 | 21.49 | 177,202 | 13.35 | 227,718 | 17.15 | 287,970 | 21.69 | 21,336 | 1.61 | 273,478 | 20.60 | 52,275 | 3.52 |
Western Visayas | 326,701 | 16.04 | 1,240,002 | 60.88 | 253,649 | 12.45 | 134,834 | 6.62 | 20,130 | 0.99 | 50,954 | 2.50 | 10,581 | 0.52 |
Central Visayas | 618,520 | 35.25 | 168,240 | 9.59 | 244,732 | 13.95 | 545,245 | 31.07 | 54,063 | 3.08 | 88,068 | 5.02 | 35,841 | 2.04 |
Eastern Visayas | 254,258 | 22.91 | 49,021 | 4.42 | 87,285 | 7.86 | 192,090 | 17.31 | 346,121 | 31.18 | 173,478 | 15.63 | 7,735 | 0.70 |
Western Mindanao | 225,268 | 30.18 | 114,861 | 15.39 | 145,368 | 19.48 | 150,098 | 20.11 | 31,125 | 4.17 | 65,781 | 8.81 | 13,799 | 1.85 |
Northern Mindanao | 351,575 | 27.71 | 86,290 | 6.80 | 169,334 | 13.35 | 233,657 | 18.42 | 180,130 | 14.20 | 228,109 | 17.98 | 19,680 | 1.55 |
Southern Mindanao | 363,059 | 23.51 | 192,283 | 12.45 | 223,966 | 14.50 | 272,978 | 17.68 | 231,106 | 14.97 | 233,169 | 15.10 | 27,512 | 1.78 |
Central Mindanao | 119,335 | 20.99 | 124,506 | 21.90 | 74,134 | 13.04 | 91,188 | 16.04 | 84,547 | 14.87 | 82,291 | 11.65 | 10,205 | 1.79 |
ARMM | 152,118 | 25.31 | 38,197 | 6.36 | 109,470 | 18.22 | 224,015 | 37.28 | 17,754 | 2.95 | 38,009 | 6.32 | 21,372 | 3.56 |
Absentee voters | 1,819 | 23.19 | 1,141 | 14.55 | 3,201 | 40.81 | 172 | 2.19 | 1,051 | 13.40 | 155 | 1.98 | 304 | 3.88 |
Total | 5,342,521 | 23.58 | 4,468,173 | 19.72 | 4,116,376 | 18.17 | 3,316,661 | 14.64 | 2,338,294 | 10.32 | 2,302,124 | 10.16 | 770,046 | 3.40 |
For Vice President
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PDP–Laban | 2,023,289 | 9.91 | ||
Vicente Magsaysay | Kilusang Bagong Lipunan | 699,895 | 3.43 | |
Eva Estrada Kalaw | Nacionalista Party | 255,730 | 1.25 | |
Total | 20,420,169 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 20,420,169 | 84.19 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 3,834,785 | 15.81 | ||
Total votes | 24,254,954 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 32,141,079 | 75.46 | ||
Source: Nohlen, Grotz, Hartmann, Hasall and Santos[24] |
- ^ Running mate of Jovito Salonga (Liberal Party)
See also
- Commission on Elections
- Politics of the Philippines
- Philippine elections
- President of the Philippines
- 9th Congress of the Philippines
- 1992 Philippine general election
References
- ^ "Phl presidential elections and the stock market". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ^ "The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippine – Article VII". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ^ Jurado, Emil P. (25 July 1988). "Realignment of forces". Manila Standard. Retrieved November 8, 2018 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ Shenon, Philip. "Aquino Endorses Ex-Army Chief in Vote". Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ^ "Ramos Is Declared New President 6 Weeks After Philippine Election". Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ISBN 9789812303738.
closest margin win 2004 election philippines.
- ^ a b Servando, Kristine F. "Miriam: I was cheated, but didn't call for people power". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ISBN 9789813230750.
- ^ "Single ticket: How about voting for president and VP together?". Rappler. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ^ "Erap presidency redux". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ^ "Term of Office of Senators". senate.gov.ph. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ISBN 9781349149513.
- ^ "Senators Profile - Vicente C. Sotto III". www.senate.gov.ph. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
- ^ a b Maragay, Fel V. (March 9, 1992). "Laurel, Mitra trade barbs in TV debate". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 5. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Give and take". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 9, 1992. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "COMELEC Presidential/Vice Presidential Debates". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 15, 1992. p. 11. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ Maragay, Fel V. (March 16, 1992). "Enlightening, but ho hum". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 3. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ Jurado, Emil P. V. (March 16, 1992). "The temporary insanity of senatorial candidates". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 10. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ Maragay, Fel V. (March 23, 1992). "Laurel loses points in the debate". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 2. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "An interrupted debate". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 23, 1992. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Mismatch". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 30, 1992. p. 8. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "COMELEC Presidential/Vice Presidential Debates". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. March 29, 1992. p. 7. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos.
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. - ^ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos.
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific.
External links
- The Philippine Presidency Project
- Official website of the Commission on Elections
- Official website of the House of Representatives Archived 2020-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
- Fontaine, Roger W. (1992). "The Philippines: After Aquino". Asian Affairs: An American Review. 19 (3): 170–190. .
- Landé, Carl Herman (1996). Post-Marcos Politics: A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789813055209.