1994 Gator Bowl
1994 Outback Gator Bowl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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50th Gator Bowl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Date | December 30, 1994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Season | Announcers | Gary Bender, Pat Haden, Craig Sager | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The 1994 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game between the Tennessee Volunteers and the Virginia Tech Hokies at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville, Florida, on December 30, 1994. The game was the final contest of the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams, and ended in a 45–23 victory for Tennessee.
The 1994
The game kicked off at 8:00 PM. From the start, Tennessee's high-scoring offense dominated. The Volunteers scored two touchdowns in the first quarter and three in the second, while Virginia Tech was able to muster a lone touchdown and field goal in the second quarter. At halftime, Tennessee had a commanding 35–10 lead, behind the strong play of Freshman QB Peyton Manning.[3]
The Hokies struggled back in the third quarter, scoring six unanswered points to close the score to 35–16. In the fourth quarter, however, Tennessee answered Virginia Tech's effort with 10 points, putting the game out of reach for the Hokies, who managed only a single touchdown in the fourth quarter.
Renovations
In early 1994, Jacksonville Mayor
The renovations were much more extensive than had initially been proposed, and required more time to be completed. Instead of beginning in early 1995, work would have to begin in 1994, leaving the site of the 1994 Gator Bowl (played on Dec. 30) in doubt.[9] By the end of January 1994, as the Gator Bowl was being demolished, that doubt was also demolished when a deal was struck to host the Gator Bowl at the University of Florida, in that school's Ben Hill Griffin Stadium.[10] The game's title sponsor, Outback Steakhouse, and its television sponsor, TBS, would remain constant, and both were in their final year of contracts with the Gator Bowl.[11]
Team selection
Prior to the start of the 1994–95 college football season, the Gator Bowl was snubbed by the newly formed Bowl Alliance, a group of football conferences, bowl games, and television networks created to match up the No. 1 and No. 2 college football teams at the conclusion of each season. Though the Gator Bowl offered to pay $115 million for the right to become a Bowl Alliance game, the Orange Bowl was selected in place of the Gator Bowl.[12] This event had repercussions at the end of the season, when the bowl was passed over by high-ranked teams that elected to accept bids to bowls in the new Bowl Alliance.[13]
Tennessee
The Tennessee Volunteers had finished the 1993 season with a 10–2 record and a season-ending loss to the Penn State Nittany Lions under first-year head coach Phillip Fulmer in the Citrus Bowl.[14] Hopes were high that Tennessee's second year under Fulmer's command would end better than its first.
Tennessee was ranked No. 13 in the
Manning's first start, a Tennessee homecoming game against Washington State, resulted in a 10–9 win. Things got progressively better for the Volunteers after Manning assumed the starting role, as they won six of their final regular-season games. The sole loss was a 13–17 defeat at the hands of then-No. 10 Alabama in Knoxville. The loss was merely a bump in the road, however, as Tennessee won all four regular-season games that followed, ending the regular season with a 65–0 drubbing of in-state rival Vanderbilt.[18] In response to Fulmer's success at turning the team around from a slow start, he was awarded with a one-year contract extension by the university.[19]
Virginia Tech
During the annual preseason poll of media members covering the Big East conference, Virginia Tech was picked to finish second among Big East teams, behind only Miami.[12] The Hokies entered the 1994 college football season having finished the 1993 season with a win in the 1993 Independence Bowl,[20] and hopes were high that they would return to a bowl game again in 1994.
The Hokies started the season well, winning their first four games in succession and culminating with a victory against
Pregame buildup
The matchup of Virginia Tech and Tennessee was the first game between the two teams since 1937, an unusual fact since both teams are located in the Appalachian Mountains and the two schools are just 3.5 hours by car apart.[16] This proximity generated multiple news stories about towns lying between the two schools and the divided loyalties of their fans.[16][24] In Washington County, Virginia, which lies along the Tennessee border, the county supervisor—a Virginia Tech graduate—proclaimed the week of the Gator Bowl to be "Hokie Week" over the objections of the county attorney, who graduated from Tennessee.[25] This natural rivalry was amplified by a basketball game held the day prior to the Gator Bowl that pitted the two schools' varsity teams against each other.[26] In exchange for participating in the game, each team received $1.5 million from the Gator Bowl Association.[27]
Ticket sales were brisk in the month between the announcement of the Tech-Tennessee matchup and the day of the game. By December 14, two weeks after the initial announcement, Virginia Tech had sold 16,000 tickets to Tennessee's 9,000.[28] On December 23, one week before the game, Tech had sold 17,653 tickets.[29] By the day of the game, the two teams had combined to sell approximately 33,000 tickets.[27] Two days prior to the game, spread bettors favored Tennessee to win by seven points.[30]
Tennessee offense
The Tennessee offense was led by freshman quarterback Peyton Manning, son of NFL great Archie Manning, who had played against the Hokies in the 1968 Liberty Bowl. During the regular season, Peyton played in seven games, winning six of them and completing 86 of his 139 pass attempts for 1,114 yards, 11 touchdowns, and six interceptions.[31] Manning's passer rating of 145.2 was the third-highest among starting quarterbacks in the SEC.[32] In recognition of his achievements, Manning was named the Southeastern Conference Freshman of the Year.[33] One of Manning's more prominent passing targets was Billy Williams, who, despite suffering a stress fracture in the first game of the season, recovered to catch 20 passes for 217 yards and two touchdowns. He also returned 17 kickoffs for an average of 20.8 yards per return.[34] Manning's favorite target was Joey Kent, who caught 36 passes for 470 yards during the regular season, but slightly injured his ankle in a pre-Gator Bowl practice.[35]
The Volunteers' rushing offense had been led by
Prior to the game, Tennessee coach Fulmer pronounced himself unsatisfied with the Vols' performance in opponents' red zone during the regular season. Tennessee scored on just 36 of 52 possessions inside the opposition's 20-yard line, a conversion rate of 69.2 percent. Fulmer vowed to raise that percentage to what it had been the previous season, when Tennessee converted 41 of 46 possessions, or 89.1 percent.[41]
Virginia Tech offense
On offense, the Virginia Tech Hokies were led by quarterback Maurice DeShazo, who completed 164 of his 296 pass attempts during the regular season for 2,110 yards, 13 touchdowns, and 13 interceptions.[42] DeShazo's success during the season helped him become the No. 4 all-time passing leader in Virginia Tech history, finishing his career with 5,720 passing yards.[43] DeShazo's favorite passing target was wide receiver Antonio Freeman, who finished the season having caught 38 passes for 586 yards and five touchdowns.[44] The Gator Bowl was Freeman's final collegiate game, just as it was DeShazo's. Freeman finished his career as the No. 1 receiver in Virginia Tech history in terms of yardage (bowl games were not counted in statistics until 2003) with 2,207 receiving yards.[45] Freeman also was the team's leading punt returner, having returned 39 kicks for 467 yards and a touchdown,[46] and received second-team All-Big East honors.[47]
On the ground, Virginia Tech's rushing offense was led by running back Dwayne Thomas, who carried the ball 142 times for 642 yards and five touchdowns.[48] Backing up Thomas was Tommy Edwards, son of former Virginia Tech player Ken Edwards, who played with the Hokies from 1967 to 1969, including the Hokies' trip to the 1968 Liberty Bowl. By participating in the Gator Bowl and in the previous season's Independence Bowl, the Edwardses became the first father-son combo in Virginia Tech history to have competed in a bowl game.[49]
At the beginning of December, Virginia Tech's offensive preparations for the Gator Bowl were disrupted when offensive coordinator Gary Tranquill abruptly quit the team in order to join friend Nick Saban, who had been hired as the head coach at Michigan State. Virginia Tech head coach Frank Beamer announced simultaneous with Tranquill's departure that assistant head coach Billy Hite would control the offense during the Gator Bowl.[50] Shortly after the announcement of Tranquill's departure, Virginia Tech announced that former offensive coordinator Ricky Bustle would be returning to the team to fill the position after the Gator Bowl.[51] Though he was not able to actively coach the team during the Gator Bowl, Bustle offered advice and strategy to Beamer during the weeks before the game.[52]
Virginia Tech receiver Cornelius White fractured his patella while playing pick-up basketball.[53]
Tennessee defense
During the regular season, the Volunteers' scoring defense was ranked the second-best in the SEC, allowing an average of just 16.82 points per game. Tennessee also allowed just eight passing touchdowns and 20 touchdowns overall.[54] One of Tennessee's defensive leaders was defensive end Steve White, who led the Volunteers in sacks and tackles for loss with seven and eight, respectively.[55] Tennessee's leader in interceptions was Ronald Davis, who had two during the regular season.[56] Scott Galyon had the most tackles on the team, with 93.[57]
Virginia Tech defense
Defensively, the Virginia Tech Hokies allowed an average of 308 yards per game and 18.4 points per game. During the last two games of the regular season, however, the Hokies permitted 34 points and 42 points to Rutgers and Virginia, respectively.[17] The Virginia Tech defense was led by two strong performers in the defensive secondary. Safety Torrian Gray intercepted four passes during the regular season, returning one of the catches for a touchdown. He tied with cornerback William Yarborough for the most interceptions on the team during the regular season.[60] Neither player was the team's leading tackler, however. That honor went to linebacker George DelRicco, who had 130 tackles during the regular season.[61]
Fellow linebacker Ken Brown was named a first-team All-Big East selection, signifying his status as one of the best players at his position in the conference. He finished the season with 93 tackles, including six for loss and two sacks, enough for No. 3 on the team in tackles.[47] Despite that success, Brown suffered a pulled hamstring before Virginia Tech's final regular-season game and his presence in the Gator Bowl was doubtful.[62] Virginia Tech sophomore defensive end Cornell Brown was named the best defensive college player in the state of Virginia by the Roanoke Times after earning 20 tackles for loss, including 11 sacks, and 35 quarterback hurries during the regular season.[63]
Game summary
The 1994 Gator Bowl
First quarter
Virginia Tech's Tommy Edwards fielded the opening kickoff, which was
Following Tennessee's touchdown, the two teams traded possessions, each going
On the first play of the drive, Tennessee committed a five-yard false start penalty, pushing the Volunteers back toward their
Tennessee's kickoff went out of bounds, allowing Tech's offense to start at its 35-yard line. DeShazo threw an incomplete pass, then completed one for a nine-yard gain. Needing one yard for a first down, Tech
Second quarter
At the beginning of the second quarter, Tennessee had the ball at its 19-yard line, facing a second down and ten. On the first play of the quarter, Tennessee ran an end-around to Kendrick Jones, who ran the ball for 76 yards, giving the Volunteers a first down at the Virginia Tech five-yard line. Three plays later, running back Jay Graham crossed the goal line for the first Tennessee touchdown of the second quarter. The extra point was good, and with 13:23 remaining in the first half, Tennessee took a 21–0 lead.[65]
Following Tennessee's post-touchdown kickoff and a short kick return, the Virginia Tech offense began at its 24-yard line. The first Tech play of the quarter, a run up the middle by Edmonds, resulted in a 17-yard gain and a first down. Dwayne Thomas followed Edmonds' run with one of his own, advancing the ball to the 50-yard line. He pushed into Tennessee territory on the next play, a five-yard run that gave the Hokies a first down at the Tennessee 45-yard line. DeShazo then ran nine yards, and Tech gained a first down on the next play. Inside the Tennessee 35-yard line, however, the Volunteers' defense stiffened. DeShazo passed for a seven-yard gain, but the Hokies were unable to gain a first down until DeShazo scrambled for a 13-yard gain on fourth down. The run kept the Tech drive alive as the Hokies now had a first down at the Tennessee 14-yard line. Tennessee forced another third-down play, but the Hokies gained a first down at the Tennessee three-yard line with a pass from DeShazo to Thomas. Four plays later, the Hokies scored their first points of the game as Thomas dove across the goal line on fourth down. The subsequent extra point was good, and the Hokies cut Tennessee's lead to 21–7 with 5:17 remaining in the first half.[65]
Virginia Tech's kickoff was returned to the Tennessee 26-yard line, and the Volunteers' offense returned to the field. Instead of Peyton Manning, backup quarterback Branndon Stewart came on the field to lead Tennessee. On the second play of the Tennessee drive, Stewart gained 24 yards on a quarterback scramble, giving the Volunteers a first down at the Tennessee 49-yard line. On the next play, he completed a 27-yard pass to Kent for another first down. Two plays later, James Stewart broke free for an 18-yard run that gave Tennessee a first down at the Virginia Tech one-yard line. One play later, Stewart crossed the goal line for Tennessee's second touchdown of the quarter. The extra point was good, and Tennessee's lead was again 21 points, 28–7, with 3:22 remaining in the quarter.[65]
The Volunteers' kickoff was returned to the Tech 22-yard line, and the Hokies began another drive. On the first play of the drive, however, Maurice DeShazo scrambled for a ten-yard gain but fumbled the ball. The loose ball was recovered by a Tennessee defender, and the Volunteers took over on offense from the Tech 32-yard line. Branndon Stewart came out onto the field in place of Manning, and completed an eight-yard pass to James Stewart to begin the drive. James Stewart then ran to the 20-yard line for a first down. On the next play, Tennessee executed a trick play in which James Stewart received the ball via a hand-off, imitating a running play, but threw the ball instead. The pass was caught by James Kendrick for a touchdown, and after the extra point, Tennessee had a 35–7 lead with 2:08 remaining in the first half.[65]
The kickoff was returned to the Tech 27-yard line, and the Hokies began the final drive of the second quarter. Antonio Freeman caught a six-yard pass from DeShazo, then DeShazo completed a five-yard pass to Shawn Scales. DeShazo completed a four-yard pass, then Ken Oxendine had a seven-yard catch from DeShazo at the Tech 49-yard line. On the next play, Oxendine caught a short pass that pushed the Hokies to the Tennessee 45-yard line, then DeShazo threw his first incomplete pass of the drive. The incompletion stopped the clock with 37 seconds remaining, allowing time for DeShazo to complete a 26-yard pass to Bryan Still on the next play. Now inside the Tennessee
Third quarter
Because Virginia Tech received the ball to begin the game, Tennessee received the ball to begin the second half. Tech's kickoff was returned to the Tennessee 13-yard line, and Peyton Manning returned to the field to lead the Volunteers' offense. The first play of the second half was an eight-yard run by James Stewart, which was followed by a six-yard run by Stewart for a first down at the Tennessee 27-yard line. Another Stewart run was followed by two short completions from Manning, and the Volunteers had another first down at the 37-yard line. Tennessee's next play was negated by an offensive pass interference penalty against the Volunteers, who were pushed back to the 22-yard line by the penalty. Though Manning gained 22 yards with a third-down pass, Tennessee was unable to gain enough yards for a first down and punted. During the kick, Tennessee committed a penalty and had to kick again after the five-yard penalty was assessed. The punt was fair caught at the Tech 25-yard line, and the Hokies began their first offensive possession of the second half with 10:14 remaining in the third quarter.[66]
On the first play, DeShazo completed an 18-yard pass to Still, who gave the Hokies a first down at their 43-yard line. On the next play, Tech wide receiver Antonio Freeman committed a pass interference penalty, pushing the Hokies back 15 yards. Dwayne Thomas made good the penalty by gaining 16 yards on an
The kickoff was returned to the Tennessee 17-yard line, and Tennessee's offense began work. The Volunteers were aided by a five-yard offsides penalty against Virginia Tech on the first play of the drive, but the Hokies stopped the Tennessee offense for losses or no gain until Manning threw a 14-yard pass on third down, pushing Tennessee to the 34-yard line. After two incomplete passes, Manning scrambled 27 yards for another first down, this time at the Tech 39-yard line. Once there, however, the Virginia Tech defense stiffened and did not allow another first down during the drive. Tennessee kicker John Becksvoort came into the game, seemingly to attempt a 48-yard field goal. The kick turned out to be a trick play—an attempted pass by the
After the failed trick play, the Hokies' offense started at their 44-yard line. The first Tech play of the drive was a 15-yard pass from DeShazo to Still for a first down. A three-yard run by Thomas was followed by a seven-yard reverse by Still for another first down at the Tennessee 29-yard line. On first down, Thomas pushed the Hokies eight yards forward with a run up the middle. This was followed by two incomplete passes, bringing up fourth down. Again, Tech head coach Frank Beamer elected to try to convert the fourth down rather than kick a field goal. Unlike Tech's previous fourth down, however, the try was unsuccessful after DeShazo mishandled the snap and was tackled for a loss. Virginia Tech turned the ball over on downs, and Tennessee's offense returned to the game with 1:31 remaining in the quarter.[66]
The Volunteers started at their 27-yard line to begin the drive, but went
Fourth quarter
The fourth quarter began with Tennessee in possession of the ball and facing a first-and-10 at the Virginia Tech 37-yard line after a long punt return. Stewart ran twice for six yards, then Manning completed a pass to Kent at the 20-yard line for a first down. Manning then completed a pass to Nash for another first down at the Tech five-yard line. Two plays later, Stewart scored his third touchdown of the game with a five-yard run to the right side of the field. The extra point was good, and with 13:17 remaining in the game, Tennessee took a 42–16 lead.[68]
Bryan Still fielded the Tennessee kickoff and returned it to the 19-yard line of Virginia Tech. After a short pass, DeShazo threw his second interception of the game. Tennessee defender John Summers returned the catch to the Tech 19-yard line, and backup quarterback Branndon Stewart returned to the game for Tennessee's offense. James Stewart took the first play of the Volunteers' drive, an eight-yard gain, then backup Jay Graham entered the game and ran to the five-yard line for a first down. After the next play—, a two-yard run by Graham—Tennessee committed a 15-yard personal foul penalty, pushing the Volunteers back to the 17-yard line. Branndon Stewart completed a pass to tight end David Horn, pushing Tennessee back to the three-yard line, but not gaining enough for a first down. Tennessee kicker John Becksvoort returned to the game, and his 19-yard field goal attempt was good, giving the Volunteers a 45–16 lead with 9:41 to go in the game.[68]
Following the kickoff and return, backup Virginia Tech quarterback Jim Druckenmiller entered the game to guide the Hokies' offense. The first play of the drive, however, was a run by backup running back Ken Oxendine, who gained five yards. Two more runs by Oxendine failed to gain a first down, however, and Virginia Tech punted. Tennessee's Sean Summers returned the kick to the Volunteers' 40-yard line, and the Volunteers continued trying to run out the clock. Tennessee failed to gain a first down, and the resulting punt rolled into the end zone for a touchback.[68]
From the Tech 20-yard line, Druckenmiller completed a 13-yard pass to Still for a first down at the Tech 33-yard line. On the next play, Druckenmiller completed a long pass to tight end Bryan Jennings, who carried the ball 41 yards. Following the play, the Volunteers completed a penalty, advancing the ball to the Tennessee 22-yard line. Two short runs advanced the Hokies to the 19-yard line, then Druckenmiller completed a 10-yard pass to Freeman for a first down. On the next play, Druckenmiller connected with Still for a nine-yard touchdown pass. The extra point was good, and Tennessee's lead was cut to 45–23, but with only 4:13 remaining in the game, the game seemed out of reach for the Hokies.[68]
Virginia Tech's kickoff was recovered in the end zone for a touchback, and the Volunteers started at their 20-yard line. Tennessee resumed running out the clock via short runs up the middle of the field that kept the game clock ticking down. After not gaining a first down, Tennessee punted to the Hokies with less than two minutes remaining in the game. Tech wide receiver Antonio Freeman returned the kick to the Tech 42-yard line, and on the first play of the Hokie drive, Druckenmiller completed a 17-yard pass to the Tennessee 41-yard line. That completion was followed by a nine-yard pass to Jermaine Holmes. After an incomplete pass that almost was intercepted, Druckenmiller threw an incomplete pass before Oxendine failed to gain enough yards for a first down and Tech turned the ball over on downs. With less than a minute remaining, Tennessee's offense ran out the remaining seconds on the clock and secured a 45–23 victory.[68]
Statistical summary
UT | VT | |
---|---|---|
1st downs | 18 | 22 |
Total yards | 495 | 426 |
Passing yards | 250 | 237 |
Rushing yards | 245 | 189 |
Penalties | 7–58 | 3–25 |
Turnovers | 1 | 3 |
Time of possession | 30:55 | 29:05 |
In recognition of their performances during the game, Tennessee's James Stewart and Virginia Tech's Maurice DeShazo were named the game's most valuable players.[69] Stewart finished the game having carried the ball 22 times for 85 yards and three rushing touchdowns. Stewart also caught one pass for seven yards and threw a touchdown pass for 19 yards. On the other side, DeShazo completed 17 of his 30 passes for 140 yards and two interceptions. He also ran the ball 11 times for 39 yards and a rushing touchdown.[70]
Though Stewart was named the most valuable player for the Volunteers, multiple Tennessee players had statistically significant games. Volunteer quarterback Peyton Manning finished the game having completed 12 of his 19 pass attempts for 189 yards, one touchdown, and one interception. Backup Tennessee quarterback Brandon Stewart completed all three of his pass attempts, accumulating 49 yards in the process. Tennessee receiver Joey Kent was the primary beneficiary of the Volunteer passing attack, leading all receivers during the game with six receptions for 116 yards. Tennessee's passing touchdowns went to Kendrick Jones, who also had 37 receiving yards and 76 rushing yards; and Marcus Nash, who caught three passes for 54 yards.[69][70]
Virginia Tech's offense, though far less successful than Tennessee's, also had some high performers. Running Back Dwayne Thomas finished the game with 19 carries for 102 yards and a touchdown, becoming the game's leading rusher in terms of yardage, if not points scored. The Hokies' leading receiver, Bryan Still, caught five passes for 79 yards and a touchdown. The touchdown pass came from Tech backup quarterback Jim Druckenmiller, who finished the game having completed six of his eight pass attempts for 97 yards and the touchdown.[69][70]
The 68 points scored in the game were a Gator Bowl record at the time,[71] and Tennessee's 35 first-half points also were a Gator Bowl record.[72] Kendrick Jones' 76-yard run on the first play of the second quarter was the longest in Gator Bowl history at the time.[73] Stewart's three touchdowns and the Volunteers' six touchdowns were Tennessee bowl game records at the time,[73] and the Volunteers also set Tennessee bowl-game records for most points and offensive yardage.[72]
Postgame effects
With the win, Tennessee finished the 1994 college football season with an overall record of 8–4. In the final Associated Press poll of the year, the Volunteers were ranked No. 22.
This was the last appearance of an SEC team in the Gator Bowl until
Notes
- ^ 2007 Tennessee football media guide Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Tennessee Athletics Department, July 19, 2007. Page 166. Accessed February 23, 2008.
- ^ Virginia Tech Football Past Schedules: 1994-1995 Virginia Tech Athletics Department, Hokiesports.com. Accessed February 23, 2008.
- ^ a b 1994 Gator Bowl Virginia Tech Athletics Department, Hokiesports.com. Accessed February 23, 2008.
- ^ Tennessee Bowl History Archived December 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Tennessee Athletics Department, UTsports.com. Accessed February 23, 2008.
- ^ Sun-Sentinel staff and wire reports. "Sports in brief", South Florida Sun-Sentinel. March 4, 1993. Page C2.
- ^ Sun-Sentinel staff. "Jacksonville back in race", South Florida Sun-Sentinel. August 25, 1995. Page C6.
- ^ Browning, Michael. "Fantastic finish wins NFL team for Jacksonville", The Miami Herald. December 1, 1993. Page A1.
- ^ Word, Ron. "Gator Bowl to undergo facelift", The Associated Press. The Bradenton Herald. December 1, 1993. Page D1.
- ^ St. Petersburg Times staff report. "Gator Bowl site in question", St. Petersburg Times. January 5, 1994. Page C5.
- ^ Dame, Mike. "Gator Bowl moves to Gainesville for one year", South Florida Sun-Sentinel. January 28, 1994. Page C4.
- ^ Alfonso, Dave. "Proposals in new alliance would pay more to bowls", The Tampa Tribune. June 23, 1994. Page Sports 8.
- ^ a b Sandomir, Richard. "Cotton and NBC Left Out in Bowl Shuffle", The New York Times. August 5, 1994. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Thomas, Robert Mcg., Jr. "Sugar Bowl Victory: Florida State", The New York Times. November 29, 1994. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Tennessee Sports Information Department. 2008 Tennessee football media guide, "All-Time Scores: 1993" Archived May 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 174) Page 172. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Oddsmakers like Tennessee more than pollsters", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 22, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ a b c King, Randy. "They meet at last", The Roanoke Times. December 25, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ a b Sharp, Tom. "Vols face fired-up Hokies in Gator", The (Memphis) Commercial Appeal. December 16, 1994. Page D3.
- ^ Tennessee Sports Information Department. 2008 Tennessee football media guide, "All-Time Scores: 1994" Archived May 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 174) Page 172. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Staff report. "Fulmer has contract extended through 1999", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 27, 1994. Page C2.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. "Virginia Tech Past Football Schedules: 1993-1994" Archived December 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Hokiesports.com. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. 2008 Virginia Tech football media guide, "The Last Time..." Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 18) Page 172. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. "Virginia Tech Past Football Schedules: 1994-1995", Hokiesports.com. Accessed November 25, 2008.
- ^ Bogaczyk, Jack. "UVA's loss made Tech a winner", The Roanoke Times. December 2, 1994. Page B6.
- ^ Venable, Sam. "Some Gator fans will sit among mixed allegiances", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 9, 1994. Page A2.
- ^ The Associated Press. "In Washington County, a political football", The Richmond Times-Dispatch. December 18, 1994. Page D10.
- ^ Strange, Mike. "Hokies hand Vols 73–64 setback", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 29, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ a b Bogaczyk, Jack and King, Randy. "Hokies hit pay dirt financially", Roanoke Times. December 29, 1994. Page B2.
- ^ Watts, Angie. "Virginia Tech briefs: Fans buying tickets for bowl", The Daily Press. December 16, 1994. Page B3.
- ^ Bogaczyk, Jack. "Tech fans have gone Gator", The Roanoke Times. December 23, 1994. B5.
- ^ Holtzclaw, Mike and Watts, Angie. "Gator Bowl Briefs: Freshmen to see expanded roles", The Daily Press. December 29, 1994. Page B3.
- ^ Bogaczyk, Jack. "Vols QB a familiar foe to Beamer", The Roanoke Times. December 18, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Manning a victor of circumstances", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 4, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ Wood, Skip. "In 'Son of Manning,' will ending be the same for Tech?", Richmond Times-Dispatch. December 28, 1994. Page E1.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Injury dampens Williams' year", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 27, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Mays wants to end with a win", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 29, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "UT's Hayden has no desire to view mishap", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 7, 1994. Page D1.
- ^ Bogaczyk, Jack. "'Little Man' plays huge for Vols", The Roanoke Times. December 27, 1994. Page B1.
- ^ Tennessee Sports Information Department. 2008 Tennessee football media guide, "Rushing: Year-by-Year leaders" Archived May 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 149) Page 147. Accessed December 3, 2008.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Bone in Graham's jaw broken in roommate fight", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 16, 1994. Page C3.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Freshman Pillow won't leave Vols short at tailback", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 18, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Vols hope to improve inside 20", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 23, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. 2008 Virginia Tech football media guide, "Year-by-year passing leaders" Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 6) Page 160. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. 2008 Virginia Tech football media guide, "Career passing leaders" Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 6) Page 160. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. 2008 Virginia Tech football media guide, "Year-by-Year receiving leaders" Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 7) Page 161. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. 2008 Virginia Tech football media guide, "Career receiving leaders" Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 7) Page 161. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. 2008 Virginia Tech football media guide, "Year-by-Year punt return leaders" Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 10) Page 164. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ a b Roanoke Times staff reports. "Big East team has 7 Hokies", The Roanoke Times. December 1, 1994. Page B1.
- ^ Virginia Tech Athletics Communications Department. 2008 Virginia Tech football media guide, "Year-by-year rushing leaders" Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 4) Page 158. Accessed November 24, 2008.
- ^ Holtzclaw, Mike. "Then ... and now – Son following in father's footsteps", The Daily Press. December 26, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ King, Randy. "Tech coach jumps ship", The Roanoke Times. December 10, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ King, Randy. "Bustle reverses his field", The Roanoke Times. December 14, 1994. Page B1.
- ^ Wood, Skip. "Tech gets tips from future aide", Richmond Times-Dispatch. December 16, 1994. Page D2.
- ^ Daily Press staff report. "Briefs", The Daily Press. December 13, 1994. Page C4.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Vols' talent edge enough to tame Tech", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 30, 1994. Page C1.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy. "Tennessee DE White feels he's underrated", Knoxville News-Sentinel. December 28, 1994. Page D1.
- ^ Tennessee Sports Information Department. 2008 Tennessee football media guide, "Interceptions: Year-by-Year leaders" Archived May 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF p. 157) Page 155. Accessed December 3, 2008.
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- ^ a b c d e The Gator Bowl. "2nd Quarter Play-by-Play," Virginia Tech Hokies vs. Tennessee Volunteers Box Score. December 30, 1994.
- ^ a b c d e The Gator Bowl. "3rd Quarter Play-by-Play," Virginia Tech Hokies vs. Tennessee Volunteers Box Score. December 30, 1994.
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