1995 Pacific hurricane season
1995 Pacific hurricane season | |
---|---|
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | May 21, 1995 |
Last system dissipated | September 26, 1995 (record earliest) |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Juliette |
• Maximum winds | 150 mph (240 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 11 (record low) |
Total storms | 10 |
Hurricanes | 7 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 3 |
Total fatalities | 126 total |
Total damage | $31 million (1995 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 1995 Pacific hurricane season was the least active
The season officially started on May 15, 1995, in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1995, in the Central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1995.[2] These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw eleven tropical cyclones form, of which ten became tropical storms. Seven of these storms attained hurricane status, three of them becoming major hurricanes. There were fewer tropical storms than the average of 16, while the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes were slightly below average.[3]
Season summary
The
The seasonal activity during 1995 was below normal, and marked the first of several seasons with lower than normal activity.
Activity in the Central Pacific Ocean was below normal, as well. No tropical storms formed in the basin. For the first time in four years,[1] Barbara was the only tropical cyclone to exist within the basin, but it formed in the Eastern Pacific. It entered as a weakening tropical storm, and quickly dissipated, without affecting land.[6] It was the least active in the basin since 1979, when the basin was completely quiet, as no storms entered the basin that year.[1]
Systems
Tropical Depression One-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 21 – May 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
A westward-moving
While it was developing, locally moderate to heavy rainfall fell across southern Mexico along the disturbance's northern periphery, with rainfall totals peaking at 5.18 inches (132 mm) at Vallecitos/Petatlan.[11]
Hurricane Adolph
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 15 – June 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min); 948 mbar (hPa) |
An area of disturbed weather associated with a tropical wave organized off the southwest coast of Mexico during the middle of June.
As Adolph moved north towards Mexico while about 290 mi (470 km) off the coast, the Mexican government issued a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch from Punta Tejupan to Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco. When the storm turned to the northwest and later to the west, the government discontinued the warnings as it was determined the storm would not be a threat to land. No damage or casualties were reported.[12]
Hurricane Barbara
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 7 – July 18 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); 940 mbar (hPa) |
A few days later, on June 24, another weak tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa. It moved steadily westward through the Atlantic Ocean without any development, and entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 5. At this point, convection developed along the wave axis, and the system gradually organized. A circulation developed
After moving into an area of light vertical shear and warm water temperatures,
Hurricane Cosme
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 17 – July 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 985 mbar (hPa) |
As Barbara moved away from land, another area of disturbed weather moved off the coast of Central America on July 11. Moving westward, this area slowly organized, and developed a low-level circulation on July 22.
On July 18, contrary to the predictions, Cosme became much better organized, and well-defined banding features were visible on satellite imagery.[23] The storm continued to steadily intensify, and subsequent to the development of an eye, Cosme strengthened into a hurricane late on July 19, while located 380 miles (610 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula.[24] After maintaining hurricane status for 18 hours, Cosme weakened back to a tropical storm on July 20.[20] Cooler water temperatures deteriorated the convection near the center, resulting in Cosme quickly weakening to a tropical depression on July 21.[25] After turning to the west-southwest, Cosme dissipated on July 22. Cosme never affected land, and as a result caused no damage or fatalities. However, the intensity of the storm is still uncertain; late on July 18, a ship 70 mi (110 km) to the east of Cosme reported winds of 17 mph (27 km/h), despite that a normal 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm would produce tropical storm force winds for locations within at least 70 mi (110 km) of the center.[20]
Tropical Storm Dalila
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 24 – August 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 994 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on July 11. It moved westward and quickly developed two areas of convection along the wave axis. One of the areas nearly developed into a tropical depression after moving northwestward, though it failed to organize further and dissipated. The southern area continued westward and ultimately entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 21. Thunderstorms along the wave axis became more concentrated a few hundred miles south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, and the system developed into Tropical Depression Five-E on July 24 while located 500 mi (800 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.[26]
Located in an area of weak steering currents and easterly wind shear, the tropical depression drifted to the north-northeast while the convection was displaced up to 70 mi (110 km) west of the circulation. Slightly strengthening occurred, and on July 25 the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Dalila. The storm turned to the northwest, and later to the west-northwest, and remained a minimal tropical storm until July 28 when a decrease in wind shear allowed Dalila to strengthen. A strong anticyclone developed to the north of the system, causing Dalila to accelerate to the northwest. Late on July 28, Dalila reached a peak intensity of 65 mph (105 km/h) at a position 570 mi (920 km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas. Tropical Storm Dalila slowly weakened after moving over progressively cooler water temperatures, and on August 1 it degenerated into a tropical depression. Dalila turned to the southwest after much of the convection waned, and the system dissipated on August 2.[26]
Tropical Storm Erick
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 1 – August 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 994 mbar (hPa) |
On July 17 a tropical wave exited the coast of Africa, and moved westward. An area of convection along the wave organized slightly on July 18, though the next day the convection diminished. After moving through the
Initially, the depression was a small system with moderate amounts of easterly wind shear.[28] It organized slowly, and after moving to the southwest for 24 hours it turned to the northwest.[27] Subsequent to an increase in convection over the center, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Erick on August 4.[29] Erick gradually strengthened as it moved to the west-northwest, and reached peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) on August 5 while located about 720 miles (1,160 km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas.[27] Operationally, the storm was forecast to continue to strengthen to reach hurricane status, though this did not occur.[30] The mid-level ridge which had been tracking Erick westward weakened, resulting in Erick to turn to the north over cooler waters. It quickly weakened to a tropical depression on August 6, and after turning to an eastward drift Erick dissipated on August 8 while located 700 mi (1,100 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula. Erick never affected land.[27]
Hurricane Flossie
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 7 – August 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); 978 mbar (hPa) |
A large circulation with an area of low pressure persisted in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean in early August. The large circulation was well-developed by August 7, and the convection concentrated a few hundred miles southwest of Acapulco. Based on its organization, the National Hurricane Center designated the system Tropical Depression Seven-E. On August 8, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Flossie, based on ship reports. The storm paralleled the coast of Mexico as it moved northwestward, and after a decrease of wind shear Flossie developed very deep convection over its center. It intensified into a hurricane on August 10, reaching peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) as an embedded warm spot appeared in the center of the storm. After maintaining its peak intensity for 18 hours and passing within 75 mi (121 km) of Baja California Peninsula, Flossie weakened over cooler waters and degenerated to a tropical storm on August 12. The storm continued to weaken, and early on August 14 Flossie dissipated.[4]
The government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning from Punta Tejupan to Cabo Corrientes early in its life, though it was discontinued shortly thereafter. Officials issued a tropical storm watch and later a warning for Baja California Sur south of La Paz, which was later extended from Loreto on the east coast to San Juanico on the west coast. The large circulation of Hurricane Flossie produced gusty winds along the west coast of Mexico and southern Baja California Peninsula. Cabo San Lucas reported a gust of 55 mph (89 km/h), and San José del Cabo recorded a gust of 65 mph (105 km/h).[4] The storm produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 9.72 in (247 mm) at San Felipe/Los Cabos.[31] Seven people died in Mexico from the storm, including two that drowned in Cabo San Lucas.[4] A monsoon surge moving around its eastern periphery produced heavy rainfall in the American Southwest. Flooding from the rainfall killed one person and left eleven motorists stranded. Thunderstorms in Tucson, Arizona, produced hurricane-force wind gusts which caused widespread power outages and damage.[32] Damage from the storm in Arizona totaled to $5 million (1995 USD; $10 million 2024 USD), although damage in Mexico, if any, is unknown.[33]
Tropical Storm Gil
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 19 – August 27 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 993 mbar (hPa) |
An area of disturbed weather, possibly related to a tropical wave, persisted and gradually organized in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. A circulation developed within its deep convection, and the system organized into Tropical Depression Seven-E on August 19 while located about 115 mi (185 km) southeast of Acapulco.[34] Operationally, it was not until 15 hours later that the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on the system.[35] The depression moved westward and quickly intensified into a tropical storm. A nearby ship confirmed the existence of tropical storm force winds, and Gil reached winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) early on August 21.[34] With well-defined outflow and continually developing convection, forecasters predicted Gil to strengthen more and attain hurricane status within two days of becoming a tropical storm.[36] However, increased northeasterly wind shear initially prevented further strengthening.[37]
On August 22, the cloud pattern of Gil became better organized, though the low-level circulation was located to the northeast of the deep convection due to the wind shear.[38] The shear also limited outflow to the east, preventing further strengthening. Gradually the convection developed nearer to the center.[39] After Gil turned to the northwest, the deep convection organized into a central dense overcast, and it strengthened to reach winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) on August 24.[40] Later that day the storm attained a peak strength of 65 mph (105 km/h) while located 380 mi (610 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula. After maintaining its peak strength for 30 hours, Gil moved over progressively cooler waters, and weakened to a tropical depression on August 26. The depression drifted westward and later turned to the north, and dissipated on August 27 while located 670 mi (1,080 km) to the west of Cabo San Lucas.[34] While located a short distance off of Mexico, Gil produced heavy rainfall near the coast.[36] However, there were no reports of casualties or damages in association with the storm.[34]
Hurricane Henriette
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 1 – September 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min); 970 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 15. It traversed westward and entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on August 29. The system quickly developed deep convection and a low-level circulation, and on September 1 it organized into Tropical Depression Nine-E while located about 170 mi (270 km) off the southwest coast of Mexico. Under favorable conditions, the depression slowly strengthened to become Tropical Storm Henriette on September 2 while located 220 mi (350 km) west of Manzanillo.[41] Henriette quickly organized and intensified into a hurricane on September 3 while located 135 mi (217 km) west-southwest of Puerto Vallarta in Jalisco.[41] Late on September 3, an eye began to form in the center of the deep convection as Henriette turned to the northwest.[42] The eye became better defined the next day, and Henriette attained a peak intensity of 100 mph (160 km/h) as the northern portion of the eyewall moved over southern Baja California Peninsula. The hurricane quickly crossed the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula and re-emerged into the Pacific Ocean.[43] Convection gradually waned as the hurricane moved over progressively colder waters,[44] and on September 6 Henriette weakened to a tropical depression.[41]
On September 2, a few hours after Henriette became a tropical storm, the government of Mexico issued tropical cyclone warnings and watches for Baja California Peninsula.
Hurricane Ismael
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 12 – September 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); 983 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Ismael developed from a persistent area of deep convection on September 12, and steadily strengthened as it moved to the north-northwest. Ismael attained hurricane status on September 14 while located 210 mi (340 km) off the coast of Mexico. It continued to the north, and after passing a short distance east of Baja California Peninsula it made landfall on
Offshore, Ismael produced waves of up to 30 ft (9.1 m) in height. Hundreds of fishermen were unprepared by the hurricane, which was expected to move more slowly,[48] and as a result 52 ships were wrecked, killing 57 fishermen.[49] The hurricane destroyed thousands of houses, leaving 30,000 people homeless.[50] On land, Ismael caused 59 casualties in mainland Mexico and resulted in $26 million in damage (1995 USD; $52 million 2024 USD).[51] Moisture from the storm extended into the United States, causing heavy rainfall and localized moderate damage in southeastern New Mexico.[52]
Hurricane Juliette
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 16 – September 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min); 930 mbar (hPa) |
A
After maintaining its peak intensity for less than 12 hours, Juliette began to weaken due to an
When the motion of Juliette turned to the northeast, some computer models predicted it to continue northeastward and strike Baja California Sur. As a result, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch as a precautionary measure for portions of the state. When the storm weakened rapidly and turned from the coast, the watch was canceled. Juliette remained away from land masses for its lifetime, and as a result there were no reports of damage or deaths.[53] In southern California, however, the hurricane produced high waves that created dangerous surfing conditions.[56] These waves wiped out a fishing derby.[57] The remnants of Hurricane Juliette moved into New Mexico and western Texas, producing scattered showers and thunderstorms.[58]
Other system
According to the
Storm names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W in 1995.[62] This is the same list used for the 1989 season,[63] except for Wallis, which had been interchanged with Winnie, and Dalila, a respelling of "Dalilia" (as used previously). The name Dalila was used for the first time in 1995.[26][64]
|
|
|
For storms that form in the North Pacific from 140°W to the International Date Line, the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list.[62] No named storms formed in the central North Pacific in 2001. Named storms in the table above that crossed into the area during the year are noted (*).[6]
Retirement
The World Meteorological Organization retired the name Ismael in the spring of 1996 from future use in the Eastern Pacific. Originally slated to be replaced with Israel, it was ultimately replaced with Ivo during the 2001 season.[65][66]
Season effects
This is a table of all of the tropical cyclones that formed in the 1995 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1995 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
One-E | May 21 – 23 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1005 | None | None | None | |||
Adolph | June 15 – 21 | Category 4 hurricane | 130 (215) | 948 | None | None | None | |||
Barbara | July 7 – 18 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 (220) | 940 | None | None | None | |||
Cosme | July 17 – 22 | Category 1 hurricane | 75 (120) | 985 | None | None | None | |||
Dalila | July 24 – August 2 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | None | None | None | |||
Erick | August 1 – 8 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | None | None | None | |||
Flossie | August 7 – 14 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (130) | 978 | Baja California Peninsula
|
$5 million | 10 | |||
Gil | August 18 – 27 | Tropical storm | 60 (100) | 993 | Southwestern Mexico | Minimal | None | |||
Henriette | September 1 – 8 | Category 2 hurricane | 100 (155) | 970 | Northern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula | Minimal | None | |||
Ismael | September 12 – 16 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (130) | 983 | Northern Mexico, Arizona | $26 million | 116 | |||
Juliette | September 16 – 26 | Category 4 hurricane | 150 (240) | 930 | Baja California Peninsula, California | None | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
11 systems | May 21 – September 26 | 150 (240) | 930 | $31 million | 124 |
See also
- List of Pacific hurricanes
- Pacific hurricane season
- 1995 Atlantic hurricane season
- 1995 Pacific typhoon season
- 1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season: 1994–95, 1995–96
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96
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External links