1995 in science
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1995 in science |
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Fields |
Technology |
Social sciences |
Paleontology |
Extraterrestrial environment |
Terrestrial environment |
Other/related |
The year 1995 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- February – Project Phoenix begins looking for extraterrestrial transmissions using the Parkes Observatory radio telescope in New South Wales, Australia, the largest telescope in the Southern Hemisphere.
- February 8 – Asteroid 6349 Acapulco is discovered by Masahiro Koishikawa.
- March 22 – Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in space.
- July 23 – Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered by Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp independently.
- October 6 – ".
- December 7 – NASA's Galileo Probe enters Jupiter's atmosphere.
- December 18 - 28 Hubble observes its first deep field
- The "Big Ear" at the Ohio State University Radio Observatory ends its full-time search for extraterrestrial intelligence radio survey, having run continuously for 22 years, beginning in 1973.
- Torino Scale for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects.[2]
- The first brown dwarf – Teide 1 – is discovered.[3]
Biology
- March 24 – Patrick Callaerts and colleagues publish the first classic demonstration of the role of the PAX6 gene in the development of eyes.[4]
- The genome of Haemophilus influenzae is the first genome of a free living organism to be sequenced.
Computer science
- January 27 – Prodigy (online service) offers access to the World Wide Web.[6]
- March 1 – The first Yahoo! Search interface is founded.
- March 25 – Ward Cunningham loads the first wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, in Oregon.
- April 30 – The United States government stops funding the
- May 23 – The Java programming language is announced to the world.
- June 8 – server-side language on 75% of all Web servers.[8]
- July 16 – bookstore, sells its first book, Douglas Hofstadter's Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought.[9][10]
- November 22 – Toy Story, the first feature film created using only computer-generated imagery, is released in theaters in the United States.
- Andy Harter and colleagues devise Virtual Network Computing.
Earth sciences
- Bruce Luyendyk first proposes the name Zealandia for a southern continent.
Mathematics
- May – Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is published in Annals of Mathematics.[11]
Medicine
- January 30 – Workers from the sickle cell anaemia.
- December 6 – The United States Food and Drug Administration approves Saquinavir, the first protease inhibitor to treat HIV/AIDS. Within 2 years of its approval, annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fall from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000.[12]
Neuroscience
- The RELN gene and neurodevelopment.
Physics
- March 2 – Top quark discovery announced.[13][14][15]
- Spring – M-theory is conjectured by Edward Witten.
Psychology
- Elizabeth Loftus describes the "Lost in the mall technique" as a demonstration that confabulations can be created through suggestions to experimental subjects.[16]
Organisations
- The first SampTA conference for mathematicians, engineers and applied scientists is held in Riga, Latvia.[17]
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines
- Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
- Medicine – Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric Wieschaus
- Peace – Joseph Rotblat
- Turing Award – Manuel Blum
- Wollaston Medal for Geology – George P. L. Walker
- Enshrinement in the Panthéon, Paris – Pierre and Marie Curie
- Spinoza Prize first awarded in the Netherlands.
Deaths
- January 30 – Gerald Durrell (b. 1925), British wildlife conservationist.
- March 24 – Joseph Needham (b. 1900), English biochemist and writer on the history of science and technology in China.
- April 2 – Hannes Alfvén (b. 1908), Swedish astrophysicist.
- June 23 – Jonas Salk (b. 1914), American medical researcher.
- August 11 – Alonzo Church (b. 1903), American mathematician.
- September 13 – organic chemist.
- December 2 – Mária Telkes (b. 1900), Hungarian-American scientist and inventor
- December 14 – metallurgist.
- December 18 – Nathan Rosen (b. 1909), American-born Israeli physicist.
References
- S2CID 4339201.
- ^ "A Near-Earth Object Hazard Index" presented at a United Nations conference and published in its proceedings, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 822 (1997).
- ^ "Spitzer Telescope Observes Baby Brown Dwarf". Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- PMID 7892602.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Hansard, Carolyn. "Introduced Species Summary Project Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)". Columbia University.
- ^ Lewis, Peter H. (31 January 1995). "COMPANY NEWS; Prodigy Sees Quick Growth from Internet Web Service". The New York Times.
- ^ "Cybertelecom :: NSFNET". cybertelecom.org.
- ^ Lerdorf, Rasmus (1995-06-08). "Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools)". Newsgroup: comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ "History & Timeline". Retrieved 2012-07-02.
- ISBN 9781404207172.
- Zbl 0823.11030. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
- ^ "HIV Surveillance --- United States, 1981--2008". Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- S2CID 119451328.
- S2CID 119392677.
- .
- doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-07. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
- ^ SampTA1995 Sampta95 link