1999 Indian general election

1999 Indian general election

← 1998 5 September–3 October 1999 2004 →
543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha 272 seats needed for a majority
Registered	619,536,847
Turnout	59.99% (1.98pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sonia Gandhi Harkishan Singh Surjeet Party BJP INC CPI(M) Alliance NDA INC+ LF Leader's seat Lucknow Ran in Amethi and Bellary (won both) Not running Last election 25.59%, 182 seats 25.82%, 141 seats 5.16%, 32 seats Seats won 182 114 33 Seat change 27 1 Popular vote 86,562,209 103,120,330 19,695,767 Percentage 23.75% 28.30% 5.40% Swing 1.84pp 2.48pp 0.24pp
Results by constituency
Prime Minister before election Atal Bihari Vajpayee BJP Prime Minister after election Atal Bihari Vajpayee BJP

General elections were held in India between 5 September and 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. Results were announced on 6 October 1999.^[1][2]

The elections saw the National Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party win a majority in the Lok Sabha, the first time since 1984 that a party or alliance had won an outright majority and the second since the 1977 elections that a non-Congress coalition had done so. It was also the third consecutive election in which the party that won the most votes overall did not win the most seats. The elections gave Atal Bihari Vajpayee the record of being the first non-Congress Prime Minister to serve a full five-year term. The decisive result also ended the political instability the country had seen since 1996. Although the Indian National Congress was able to increase its voteshare, its 114 seat tally was considered to be its worst-ever performance in a general election in terms of number of seats obtained until the 2014 general elections.

Background

1999 Lok Sabha vote of confidence

On 17 April 1999, the

Sonia Gandhi, as leader of the opposition and largest opposition party (Indian National Congress) was unable to form a coalition of parties large enough to secure a working majority in the Lok Sabha. Thus shortly after the no confidence motion, President K. R. Narayanan dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections. Atal Bihari Vajpayee remained caretaker prime minister till the elections were held later that year.^[4]

Campaign

The incumbent

The main opposition league was led by Sonia Gandhi's Indian National Congress, the long-traditional centrist dominant party in India. The opposition coalition comprised far fewer parties, and its alliances were generally weaker than those of the NDA. A so-called "third front" of left-wing, socialist and communist parties was also present, although this was not a strong electoral alliance so much as a loose grouping of parties that shared similar ideological viewpoints and had some inter-party co-operation. There were also nearly one thousand candidates of unaffiliated parties, independent candidates and parties who were unwilling to take part in coalitions that stood in the election.^[5]

The campaign coalesced around a few key issues. Sonia Gandhi was a relative newcomer to the INC (having been elected to the presidency in 1998) and her leadership had recently been challenged by

The voting was conducted over five days. Elections were conducted in 146 seats on the Eastern coast of the country on 5 September, in 123 Central and Southern seats on 11 September, in 76 Northern and Upper-Central seats on 18 September, in 74 North Western seats on 25 September and in the 121 Western seats on 3 October. Despite some fears of voter fatigue, electoral turnout was comparable with previous elections at 59.99%. Over 5 million election officials conducted the election over 800,000 polling stations, with vote counting commencing on 6 October.[10]^[11]

Results

The results in terms of seats were decisively in favour of the BJP and the NDA, with the formal NDA picking up 269 seats, and a further 29 seats taken by the Telugu Desam Party, which gave support to the BJP-led government but was not strictly part of its alliance. The Congress party lost 23 seats, and its two key regional allies performed worse than expected; however, it did regain ground in some states such as Uttar Pradesh (where it had been wiped out in 1998, not winning a single seat in the state). The leftist parties' fortunes continued to decline, with the Communist Party of India dropping to just four seats and losing its official status as a "national party".^[6]

The seat result for the Indian National Congress was the worst in nearly half a century, with party leader Sonia Gandhi calling upon the party to take a frank assessment of itself – "the result calls for introspection, frank assessment and determined action. We will attend to this in the coming days. In the meantime, we accept unhesitatingly the verdict of the people". For the BJP, this marked the first occasion where a non-INC party had secured a stable government coalition. Previous non-INC governing coalitions had been formed in 1977, 1989 and 1996; however, none of these administrations had been able to maintain a stable coagulation for more than a couple of years. One Senior BJP figure commented in the aftermath "It will certainly be a government of stability...I expect that Mr Vajpayee, with all his experience, will be able to handle our coalition partners."^[12]

State and Alliance wise

Support for the New Government

See also

• List of members of the 13th Lok Sabha
• 1999 Indian general election in West Bengal

References