1st Brigade (Australia)
1st Brigade | |
---|---|
Active | 1903–present |
Country | Australia |
Branch | Australian Army |
Type | Combined arms |
Size | 3,500[1] |
Part of | 1st (Australian) Division |
Garrison/HQ | Robertson Barracks, Darwin RAAF Base Edinburgh |
Engagements | World War I
East Timor Iraq Afghanistan |
Insignia | |
Brigade Colour Patch[2] |
1st Brigade is a combined arms formation of the
History
Formation
Originally formed in 1903 as a
World War I
The 1st Brigade was re-constituted in
During the war, the 1st Brigade took part in the fighting at
Inter war years and World War II
In 1921, the Australian military part-time forces were re-organised to perpetuate the numerical designations and structures of the AIF.
Initially, the brigade was staffed through the compulsory training scheme, which meant that the brigade was able to maintain its numbers, however, in 1922, following the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty, Australia's security concerns were reduced. As a result, the Army's budget was halved and the scope of the compulsory training scheme was scaled back; with this the authorised strength of each infantry battalion was reduced to just 409 men of all ranks.[14] In 1929, the compulsory training scheme was suspended by the newly elected Scullin Labor government and was replaced by a voluntary system,[15] under the new name of the "Militia".[16] This, coupled with the financial hardships of the Great Depression, meant that there were few volunteers available for service and many units had to be amalgamated or disbanded.[17]
As a result, the 1st Brigade was reduced to just three infantry battalions. Upon the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the 1st Brigade consisted of the 13th, 33rd and 41st Battalions.
Post World War II
Following the end of hostilities in August 1945, the existing structures were disbanded throughout 1945 and into 1946 and the Interim Army was raised.[23] As a part of this, the 34th Brigade was raised for occupation duties in Japan.[24] In 1948, with the establishment of the reformation of the Regular Army and the raising of the Australian Regiment (later known as the Royal Australian Regiment), the 34th Brigade was renamed the 1st Brigade following its return to Australia.[25] During the Korean War, individual elements of the brigade were detached for combat in Korea, although they were subsequently placed under the command of other formations.[9]
In 1960, the Australian Army adopted the Pentropic divisional establishment.[26] This saw the adoption of the five battalion division and resulted in the disbandment of the old three battalion brigade formations.[27] As a result, the 1st Brigade, including its headquarters, was disbanded.[28] In late 1964, however, the decision was made to end the experiment with the Pentropic establishment,[29] partly because of the difficulties it created with allied interoperability.[30] Early the following year the brigade formations were re-established, although they were designated "task forces" instead of brigades.[31][32]
In mid-1965 1 RAR, was sent to Vietnam as part of Australia's commitment to the
In 1982, the "brigade" designations were readopted.[9][34] Brigadier John Sheldrick was in command of the brigade at the time and early the year the 1st Armoured Regiment was placed under the 1st Brigade's command as part of the Army's mechanisation trials. The new role of the 1st Brigade as a mechanised force was confirmed in 1983 and following this the capability was developed. This saw the 5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5/7 RAR), re-equipped with armoured personnel carriers, which they began to receive in July 1983.[35] During the 1980s, one of the brigade's other infantry battalions, the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, began developing the Australian Army's parachute capability, and by late 1983 it had become a specialised parachute infantry battalion.[36] They were later transferred to the 3rd Brigade.[37]
Recent years
In 1992, the brigade began the process of moving to Darwin as part of a force structure review focused upon relocating defence assets in the north. By 2000, the brigade had completed its move and was headquartered in Robertson Barracks in Darwin.
As part of the Hardened and Networked Army initiative 5/7 RAR was de-linked in 2006 to form two mechanised battalions. 5 RAR remained in Darwin, while the 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (7 RAR), along elements of the 1st Combat Service Support Battalion was moved to Adelaide, where they are now based at
In the first decade of the 21st century, units of the brigade have undertaken deployments to East Timor,
Planned restructure
In late 2011, the Australian government announced that under a restructuring program known as Plan Beersheba, the 1st, 3rd and 7th Brigades would be reformed as combined arms Combat Brigades.[42] Each will have a similar structure and capabilities, consisting of: a Brigade Headquarters, an Armoured Cavalry Regiment, two Standard Infantry Battalions, an Artillery Regiment, a Combat Engineer Regiment, a Combat Service Support Battalion and a Combat Signals Regiment.[43] Under the new plan, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment was transferred to the 3rd Brigade in October–November 2014, transitioning to the ACR structure.[44]
Organisation
As of 2023 1st Brigade is made up of the following units:[40][45]
- Headquarters 1st Brigade (Robertson Barracks - Darwin);
- 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (Robertson Barracks - Darwin);
- 8th/12th Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery (Robertson Barracks - Darwin);
- 1st Combat Engineer Regiment (Robertson Barracks - Darwin);
- 1st Combat Signal Regiment (Robertson Barracks - Darwin);
- 1st Combat Service Support Battalion (Robertson Barracks - Darwin).
In October 2017, the 1st Armoured Regiment moved from Robertson Barracks in Darwin to RAAF Base Edinburgh,[46] joining 7 RAR which moved there in 2010–2011.[47]
In late October 2022, the 1st Armoured Regiment and the 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment were transferred to the 9th Brigade.
Notes
- ^ The Australian Army: An Aide Memoire (PDF). Commonwealth of Australia. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "Colour patch : Headquarters 1 Infantry Brigade and 1 Light Trench Mortar Battery, AIF". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
- ^ Kuring 2004, p. 39.
- ^ Australian Military Forces 1912, p. 15.
- ^ a b "2nd Battalion". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ "1st Australian Division 1914–1918". The Long Long Trail. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ Grey 2008, p. 88.
- ^ "AWM 4/23/1/46 Australian Imperial Force unit war diaries: 1st Infantry Brigade (March – April 1919)" (PDF). Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ a b c "1 Brigade". Digger History.info. Archived from the original on 17 June 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^ "1st Battalion". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
- ^ a b c "History – HQ 1st Brigade – Forces Command". Australian Army. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ Grey 2008, p. 125.
- ^ "Australian Infantry Unit Colour Patches 1921–49". Digger History. Archived from the original on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ Palazzo 2002, pp. 65–67.
- ^ Grey 2008, p. 138.
- ^ Palazzo 2001, p. 110.
- ^ Keogh 1965, p. 44.
- ^ a b "1 Australian Infantry Brigade: Subordinates". Orders of Battle.com. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ Dunn, Peter. "Composition of the Australian Army in April 1943". Australia @ War. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ "1 Australian Infantry Brigade: Superiors". Orders of Battle.com. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ a b McKenzie-Smith 2018, pp. 2057–2058.
- ^ "1 Australian Infantry Brigade: Appointments". Orders of Battle.com. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, pp. 41–42.
- ^ Grey 2008, p. 203.
- ^ Kuring 2004, p. 219.
- ^ Grey 2008, p. 227.
- ^ Kuring 2004, p. 262.
- ^ Blaxland 1989, p. 64.
- ^ McNeill 1993, p. 22.
- ^ Grey 2008, p. 228.
- ^ McCarthy 2003, p. 131.
- ^ Blaxland 1989, p. 108.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, p. 152.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, p. 268.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, p. 270.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, p. 274.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, p. 291.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, p. 312.
- ^ Horner and Bou 2008, p. 314.
- ^ a b "Home – 1st Brigade (Adelaide) Relocation – Forces Command". Australian Army. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Home – HQ 1st Brigade – Forces Command". Australian Army. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ "Defence announces major Army restructure". ABC Online. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ "Multi-role Combat Brigades". Australian Army. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
- ^ "2nd Cavalry Regiment Arrives in Townsville". Oye! Times. 29 November 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ "1st Brigade Units – HQ 1st Brigade – Forces Command". Australian Army. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ Hartigan, Brian (31 October 2017). "1st Armoured Regiment leaves Darwin". Contact. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ^ Reid, Khama (21 January 2011). "Soldiers move from Darwin into Adelaide's Base Edinburgh". ABC Adelaide. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
References
- Australian Military Forces (1912). The Military Forces List of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1 January 1912. Melbourne, Victoria: Government Printer. OCLC 221429471.
- ISBN 0-7315-0530-1. Archived from the originalon 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-521-69791-0.
- ISBN 978-1-74175-374-5.
- OCLC 7185705.
- Kuring, Ian (2004). Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications. ISBN 1-876439-99-8.
- McCarthy, Dayton (2003). The Once and Future Army: A History of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947–74. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-551569-2.
- McKenzie-Smith, Graham (2018). The Unit Guide: The Australian Army 1939–1945, Volume 2. Warriewood, New South Wales: Big Sky Publishing. ISBN 978-1-925675-146.
- McNeill, Ian (1993). To Long Tan: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1950–1966. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen and Unwin. ISBN 1-86373-282-9.
- Palazzo, Albert (2001). The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551506-0.
- Palazzo, Albert (2002). Defenders of Australia: The 3rd Australian Division 1916–1991. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications. ISBN 1-876439-03-3.