1st Filipino Infantry Regiment
1st Filipino Infantry Regiment | |
---|---|
Active | 4 March 1942[1] – 10 April 1946[2] |
Disbanded | 1952[2] |
Allegiance | United States |
Branch | United States Army |
Type | Infantry |
Size | Regiment |
Motto(s) | "Laging Una" (Always First)[3] |
March | "On to Bataan"[3][4] |
Engagements | World War II
|
Decorations | Philippine Presidential Unit Citation[2] |
Campaign streamers | |
Commanders | |
Regiment Commander |
The 1st Filipino Infantry Regiment was a
Background
In 1898, the Philippines was
In 1941, the
History
Stateside
Constituted in March 1942,
The Regiment continued to train and grow, leading to the activation of the
Members of the Regiment faced discrimination during this period. The
Deployment
In April 1944, the Regiment departed California aboard the
In February 1945, the Regiment was sent to
Post-combat
By August 1945, operations came to a close
Soldiers of the Regiment who did either not qualify to return to the U.S., either due to having insufficient
Legacy
During the war the efforts of Filipino and American defenders during the
The War Brides Act of 1945, and subsequent
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Fabros, Alex S. "California's Filipino Infantry". The California State Military Museum. California State Military Department. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Statement of Service". Center of Military History. United States Army. 1 May 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
"Statement of Service". United States Army. Center of Military History. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014. - ^ a b c d e f g Revilla, Linda A. (1996). ""Pineapples," "Hawayanos," and "Loyal Americans": Local Boys in the First Filipino Infantry Regiment, US Army" (PDF). Social Process in Hawai'i. 37. University of Hawai`i at Manoa: 57–73. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-316-83130-7. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ^ Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Soldiers of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Regiments also participated in bloody combat and mop-up operations in New Guinea, Leyte, Samar, Luzon and the southern Philippines.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7385-6981-9. Retrieved 24 May 2011., after which they distinguished themselves in the Battle of Leyte and on the Bataan Peninsula.
The 1st and 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiments trained at Fort Ord
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8225-4873-7. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
Members of the first and second regiments also served in the parachute-naval assault to recapture the island of Corregidor in 1944
- ^ ISBN 978-0-910823-00-5. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
- ^ "1st Filipino Infantry and 2nd Filipino Infantry in Bataan, Philippines". CriticalPast.com. 1943. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
First Commander of the 1st Filipino Infantry, Colonel Robert H Offley.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8225-4873-7. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
Robert H. Offley Filipino.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-56639-317-1. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ISBN 0-16-072957-2. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
The War Department already had several long-serving segregated units for African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Filipinos and established several more during 1942. The Office of War information saw propaganda value in having combat units of different nationalities. Thus during 1942 the War Department organized the 1st Filipino infantry in California and battalion-size units of Norwegians, Austrians, and Greeks.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8147-9109-7. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-631-22843-1. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-8160-4658-4. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ "Filipino Immigration" (PDF). Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ Eftihia Danellis; Ann Du. "Fight for Democracy: An Educator's Resource Guide" (PDF). National Center for the Preservation of Democracy. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
However, in 1934, they were reclassified as "aliens".
- Center of Military History. United States Army. 3 October 2003. Archivedfrom the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-313-29961-2. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
filipino Americans World War II enlist reject.
- ISBN 978-0-8225-4873-7. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Filipinos world war II.
- ^ "Key Events in the Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt". Miller Center of Public Affairs. University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-19-521661-5. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-231-11593-3. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-313-33043-8. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ Perez, Frank Ramos; Perez, Leatrice Bantillo (1994). "The Long Struggle for Acceptance: Filipinos in San Joaquin County" (PDF). The San Joaquin Historian. 8 (4). The San Joaquin County Historical Society: 3–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
In San Joaquin County many Filipinos who volunteered for military service were rejected because of their age and/or the need for them to continue to work in the fields harvesting the crops to feed the armed forces.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-253-34886-9. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ Al Livingston (December 2008). "Remembering Ramon Subejano, A One Man Army" (PDF). Carriage News. taxi-usa.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ^ The reference Creating Masculinity in Los Angeles's Little Manila (España-Maram, 2006) used the word "Formed". By Army terminology this is incorrect. Per Army Regulation 220-5 Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine the correct term is "Constituted". The article has been edited to reflect that.
- ISBN 978-0-86534-559-1. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ^ "Fort Ord". California Military Museum. California State Military Department. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
Another unit of interest, the 1st Filipino Infantry Regiment, was activated in April and eventually included a few veterans of fighting on Bataan that had been wounded, evacuated, and returned to duty in the United States.
- ^ *Andrew Ruppenstien; Manny Santos (21 January 2010). "The First and Second Filipino Infantry Regiments U.S. Army". Historic Marker Database. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- S.L. Stanton (1992). "American Infantry Regiments 1941–1945" (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: United States Army Command and General Staff College. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- S.L. Stanton (1992). "American Infantry Regiments 1941–1945" (PDF).
- ^ a b "1st Filipino Infantry" (PDF). Camp Roberts Trainer. United States Army. 1943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
- ISBN 978-1-4671-1958-0.
- ^ "An Untold Triumph: The Story of the 1st & 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiments, U.S. Army". Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Program. Smithsonian Institution. 30 January 2003. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
An Untold Triumph captures the never-been-told story of how the U.S. Army's World War II 1st and 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiments, made up of more than 7,000 immigrants and sons of immigrants, played a vital role in General Douglas MacArthur's covert plan to retake the Philippines.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7425-5338-5. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ^ "World War Two 1st Filipino Infantry". Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Program. Smithsonian Institution. 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-19-515377-4. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ^ "Selected Dates and Events of Asian Pacific American History". Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs. State of Washington. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
As members of the armed forces, Filipinos are allowed to become U.S. citizens. 1,200 Filipino soldiers stand proudly in "V" formation at Camp Beale as citizenship is conferred on them.
- ^ *"Asian Americans". History World International. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)- Posadas, Barbara Mercedes (1999). The Filipino Americans. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-313-29742-7. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
Thus, although all children born in the United States to Filipino immigrants were U.S. citizens, before World War II, no matter how many years Philippine-born Filipinos had lived in the United States, they were ineligible for naturalization, and, therefore, could not vote, or be absolutely sure of their future status and security.
- Holmquist, June D. (2003). They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the States Ethnic Groups. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 547. ISBN 978-0-87351-231-2. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
- M. Licudine v. D. Winter, JR 1086, p. 5 (U.S. District Court for D.C. 2008) (""[f]rom the time the United States obtained dominion over the Philippines in 1899 until it granted independence to the islands in 1946, [the United States] Congress classified natives of the Philippines as Philippine citizens, as non-citizen United States nationals, and as aliens, but never as United States citizens."").
- Posadas, Barbara Mercedes (1999). The Filipino Americans. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23.
- ^ Dr. Riz A. Oade. ""The Day of Infamy" SD's Unsung Heroes of World War II". Asian Journal. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- ^ Alex S. Fabros Jr. (1995). "My Funny Valentine: A Battle In The Filipino American Civil Rights Movement" (PDF). AAS 456. San Francisco State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-19-509463-3. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ A Filipino Wife. "Letters from Readers: The Filipinos Do Not Understand" (PDF). AAS 456. San Francisco State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-8147-9109-7. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ "USS General John Pope (AP-110)" (PDF). Naval History Division. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- Center of Military History. United States Army. Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ "1st Filipino Regiment". Center of Military History. United States Army. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ a b "The Philippine Army World War II". Waiting Room USA. Sirzib Publishing Inc. 2 July 2010. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ISBN 978-1-84603-399-5. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Many were paratroopers or from the 1st Filipino Infantry Regiment, a US Army unit organized in the States.
- ISBN 978-1-4728-0524-9.
- OCLC 316829618. Archived from the originalon 23 August 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
From Filipino regiments stationed in the United States Whitney selected about 400 men, who received training in communications, intelligence, and sabotage and formed parties to penetrate the Philippines.
- ISBN 978-0-451-22913-7. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
- ^ Captain Francis D. Cronin (1951). "Americal Division Order of Battle". Americal Division Veterans Association. Archived from the original on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ISBN 9780160899539. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
Reinforced by elements of the 1st Filipino Infantry, U.S. Army, the 182ds battalion overran organized resistance on northwest Samar by 1 March, and on the 4th of the month relinquished responsibility for patrolling in the region to the 1st Filipino Infantry and attached guerrillas.
- ^ a b Cannon, M. Hamlin (1993). Leyte: The Return to the Philippines. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 365. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
In the X Corps phase, the island of Samar was cleared of Japanese troops. The Americal Division, advance elements of which arrived on 24 January, extensively patrolled both the islands of Leyte and Samar. During the Eighth Army Area Command phase, the constant searching out of isolated groups of enemy soldiers continued. In addition to the Americal Division, the Regiment patrolled Leyte. On 8 May, the control of the Eighth Army over the area came to an end.
- ^ Eftihia Danellis; Ann Du. "Fight for Democracy: An Educator's Resource Guide" (PDF). National Center for the Preservation of Democracy. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
Assigned to the 1st Filipino Infantry Regiment, Domingo came ashore on Leyte Island in the Philippines. His unit had been assigned the dangerous task of "mopping up" enemy soldiers who refused to surrender at all costs.
- ^ M. Hamilin Cannon (1993). "Chapter XXII: Leyte is Liberated". Leyte: The Return to the Philippines. ibiblio.org. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
In addition to the Americal Division, the 1st Filipino Infantry Regiment patrolled Leyte.
- ISBN 978-1-57638-164-9. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
Additional American units were called into the battle of Leyte: the 32nd Infantry Division, the 77th and 37th Infantry Divisions, the Americal Division, the 11th Airborne Division, the 112th Cavalry Regiment Combat Team, the 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment, the 20th Armored Group, and the 1st Filipino Infantry.
- ISBN 978-0-313-30614-3. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
"On Samar, elements of Americal Division and 1st Filipino Infantry clear Mauro area.
- District of Columbia: United States Army. 31 August 2011. Archived from the originalon 7 July 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ^ "Japan Capitulates, August – September 1945". Naval History & Heritage Command. United States Navy. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ^ "The Philippine Airborne". The Corregidor Historic Society. 29 March 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
Shortly after the mission, the 5217th, now the 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, was sent to Manila, where Walter and his cadre were returned to the 503d PRCT. Shortly thereafter, in August 1945, the 1st Reconnaissance Battalion was disbanded and the men reassigned.
- ISBN 978-0-7385-5624-6. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
The 1945 War Brides Act enabled these veterans to bring back war brides from the Philippines, and the 1946 Luce-Cullar Act gave all Filipinos the right to naturalize.
- S2CID 248684907. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-8057-8437-4.
- ^
- Slavicek, Louise Chipley (2007). Daniel Inouye. New York, New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7910-9271-2. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
The previous summer, the Nisei veterans of the 442nd Regiment Combat Team had gathered at the White House for special review by President Harry Truman in recognition of their battlefield achievements.
- Jason Lee (5 October 2010). "An Awe-Inspiring Chapter of America's History". National Archives.
- U.S. Congress (1966). Congressional Record. ISBN 9780160924309. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- Slavicek, Louise Chipley (2007). Daniel Inouye. New York, New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 74.
- ISBN 978-0-674-02348-2. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- ^ "Philippine Studies Audio-Visual Resources". Wong Audio-Visual Room, Sinclair Library. University of Hawaii at Manoa. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- ^ Dennis Harvey (26 March 2003). "An Untold Triumph: The Story of the 1st and 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiments, U.S. Army". Variety. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- ^ Andrew Ruppenstien; Manny Santos (21 January 2010). "The First and Second Filipino Infantry Regiments U.S. Army". Historic Marker Database. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
Personnel won more than 50,000 decorations, awards, medals, ribbons, certificates, commendations and citations.
- ISBN 978-0-313-32604-2. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-8147-9109-7. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
Further reading
- Stanton, Shelby L. (1984). Order of Battle, U.S. Army, World War II. New York, New York: Presidio. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-89141-195-6. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
External links
- Filipino Infantry Regiment in the US Army 1943 archived at Ghostarchive.org on 20 May 2022
- Philippine Scouts Heritage Society Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine