2000 United States Senate election in New York
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County results
Clinton: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Lazio: 40–50% 50-60% 60–70% | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections in New York State |
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In the United States Senate election held in the State of New York on November 7, 2000, Hillary Rodham Clinton, then First Lady of the United States and the first First Lady to run for political office, defeated U.S. Representative Rick Lazio. The general election coincided with the U.S. presidential election.
The race began in November 1998 when four-term incumbent Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement, making this the first open Senate seat since the 1958 Senate election. Both the Democratic Party and Republican Party sought high-profile candidates to compete for the open seat. By early 1999, Clinton and New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani were the frontrunners for their parties' respective nominations. Clinton and her husband, President Bill Clinton, purchased a house in Chappaqua, New York, in September 1999; she thereby became eligible for the election, although she faced accusations of carpetbagging since she had never resided in the state before. The lead in statewide polls swung from Clinton to Giuliani and back to Clinton as the campaigns featured both successful strategies and mistakes as well as dealing with current events. In late April and May 2000, Giuliani's medical, romantic, marital, and political lives all collided in a tumultuous four-week period, culminating in his withdrawal from the race on May 19.
The Republicans chose lesser-known U.S. Representative Rick Lazio to replace him. The election included a record $90 million in campaign expenditures between Clinton, Lazio, and Giuliani and national visibility. Clinton showed strength in normally Republican upstate areas and a debate blunder by Lazio solidified Clinton's previously shaky support among women. Clinton won the election in November 2000 with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio's 43 percent, and became the first woman elected to the Senate from New York.
Background
When four-term Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement in November 1998,[1] his previously safe U.S. Senate seat became open in the 2000 U.S. Senate elections. Both parties tried to find high-profile candidates to run for it.
U.S. Representative
Initial campaigns
Early Clinton campaign
On February 16, 1999, the First Lady's office announced that she was considering running for the Senate seat.
Meanwhile, in September 1999, the Clintons purchased a $1.7 million, 11-room, Dutch Colonial style home in Chappaqua, New York, north of New York City.[15] Even the commonplace activity of house hunting leading up to this was the subject of considerable media attention; coverage of personal lives would be the norm in this contest of two "electrifying and polarizing figures" (as one reporter put it).[16] In November 1999, Hillary Clinton announced that she would set aside most of her official duties as First Lady in order to take up residency in New York and pursue her campaign.[17] Her move-in took place in January 2000, with the house furnished with many of the couple's possessions from their Arkansas days.[18] It became the first time since Woodrow Wilson's first wife died in 1914 that a president lived in the White House without a spouse.[17]
The early stages of her campaign were not without mistakes,[19] and as she later wrote, "Mistakes in New York politics aren't easily brushed aside."[19] In a much-publicized move, Clinton donned a New York Yankees baseball cap at a June 1999 event when she had been a lifelong fan of the Chicago Cubs.[20][21][22] This brought her much criticism,[22][23] and Thomas Kuiper would later write an anti-Clinton book titled: I've Always Been a Yankees Fan: Hillary Clinton in Her Own Words. Clinton said she had to develop an American League rooting interest, since fans of the Cubs were not expected to root for the American League Chicago White Sox.[23] In her 2003 autobiography, she said that putting on the hat had been a "bad move", but reiterated what had been reported in the press prior to the incident, that she had been "a die-hard Mickey Mantle fan;"[24] the book included a photograph of her with a Yankees cap on from 1992.[25]
More seriously, on November 11, 1999, at the dedication of a U.S.-funded health program in the
Somewhat surprisingly, Clinton faced an erosion of support from women voters during her campaign, with her numbers declining throughout 1999.[30] This was partly a typical pattern seen with women candidates where they have an early surge of female support, which then wears off, and it was partly due to her early campaign stumbles.[30] But it also reflected the particular set of mixed feelings that women had towards Clinton's marriage and the ambition and the power she derived from it.[30] The problem was especially acute among some female demographics; one of her longtime advisers later said, "Women in the educated professional class? They fucking couldn't stand her. We could never figure out why. We had psychologists come in."[31]
Clinton's campaign to all counties, carried by a
Distrustful of the press since
Early Giuliani campaign
An early January 1999
The Giuliani campaign showed some structural weaknesses. So closely identified with New York City, he had somewhat limited appeal to naturally Republican voters in
On March 11, 2000, Giuliani and Clinton met face-to-face for the first time since the campaigning began, at the New York Inner Circle press dinner, an annual event in which New York politicians and the press corps stage skits, roast each other and make fun of themselves, with proceeds going to charity.[41] Giuliani was on stage in male
The
By this time, Clinton was 8 to 10 points ahead of Giuliani in the polls.[33][45] In retrospect, The New York Times would write that the battle so far between the two had comprised "a blistering year of mental gamesmanship, piercing attacks, contrasts in personalities and positions, and blunders played out by two outsize political figures in a super-heated atmosphere."[37]
Giuliani's tumultuous four weeks
Giuliani's marriage to his wife, broadcast journalist and actress
On April 20 Hanover announced that she would soon be taking over the lead role in
On April 26, television channel NY1 reported that Giuliani had undergone a second round of tests for prostate cancer at Mount Sinai Medical Center;[54] the same disease had led to the death of his father.[54] On April 28, Giuliani held a news conference to announce that he did in fact have prostate cancer, but it was in an early stage.[55] He was unsure of which of several types of treatment he might undergo, and that decision would impact whether he could stay in the Senate race or not.[55] Hanover was not present at the conference, but issued a note saying she would support him in his decision process.[56]
As Giuliani mulled over his medical options, on May 1 Hanover announced that she was postponing her appearance in The Vagina Monologues due to "personal family circumstances."
On May 10, Giuliani held what The New York Times described as an "extraordinary, emotional news conference" in Bryant Park to announce that he was seeking a separation from Hanover,[59] saying, "This is very, very painful. For quite some time it's probably been apparent that Donna and I lead in many ways independent and separate lives."[59] Regarding Nathan, Giuliani said "I'm going to need her now more than maybe I did before", making reference to his battle with cancer[59] and her background in nursing.[48] Regarding the Senate race, he again did not commit to a decision, saying, "I don't really care about politics right now. I'm thinking about my family, the people that I love and what can be done that's honest and truthful and that protects them the best. I'm not thinking about politics. Politics comes at least second, maybe third, maybe fourth, somewhere else. It'll all work itself out some way politically."[59] Giuliani had, however, neglected to inform Hanover in advance of his announcement; her reaction was described as distraught.[59] Three hours later, she held her own news conference at Gracie Mansion, where she said, "Today's turn of events brings me great sadness. I had hoped to keep this marriage together. For several years, it was difficult to participate in Rudy's public life because of his relationship with one staff member."[59] In this, she was making reference to Cristyne Lategano, the former communications director for Giuliani;[59][63] Vanity Fair had reported in 1997 that Lategano and Giuliani were having an affair, which both of them had denied.[63] Hanover continued, "Beginning last May, I made a major effort to bring us back together. Rudy and I re-established some of our personal intimacy through the fall. At that point, he chose another path."[59]
State Republican leaders, who until now had avoided talk of replacements for Giuliani should he not run, now gave more attention to the matter, with the state party convention coming up on May 30.[64] Former possible contenders Rick Lazio and Pete King immediately indicated they were available;[64][65] other names mentioned included Wall Street financier Theodore J. Forstmann and Governor Pataki, although the latter indicated no interest.[64] Giuliani continued to ponder his Senate race decision; when he had dinner with Nathan on May 12, they were trailed by a flock of photographers.
Finally, on May 19, Giuliani held what The New York Times again described as "an emotional, riveting news conference" that "reached a new level of introspection" to announce that he was dropping out of the Senate race:[72] "This is not the right time for me to run for office. If it were six months ago or it were a year from now or the timing were a little different, maybe it would be different. But it isn't different and that's the way life is."[72] He added that, "I used to think the core of me was in politics, probably. It isn't. When you feel your mortality and your humanity you realize that, that the core of you is first of all being able to take care of your health."[72] He said that he would instead devote the remainder of his mayoralty trying to overcome the hostile relations he had with many of the city's minority groups.[72]
A change of Republicans: Lazio
While previous Republican candidates and fellow Long Island Congressmen Rick Lazio and Pete King had both indicated an interest in replacing Giuliani,
Clinton now faced a lesser-known candidate in Lazio. While a relative moderate among House Republicans,[77] Lazio had frequently supported former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, a largely despised figure among many New Yorkers.[78] Lazio did bring to the table a suburban background familiar to many New Yorkers, and had a reputation as an energetic campaigner.[73][79]
One formality left were New York's late-in-the-season primary elections on September 12, which in this case merely served to ratify the state party conventions' choices. Lazio won unopposed,[80] while Clinton won 82 percent of the vote[81] in easily defeating unknown Manhattan doctor Mark McMahon, who ran on the grounds that "the Clintons have tried to hijack the Democratic Party."[81] For her part, Clinton said that she was "surprised, in a way [to see her name in the voting booth]. I stood there for a minute, staring at my name."[80] In any case, the general election was already well underway.
Primaries
Democratic results
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Hillary Rodham Clinton
|
565,353 | 81.97% | |
Democratic | Mark McMahon | 124,315 | 18.03% | |
Total votes | 689,668 | 100.00% |
Republican results
Polling
Source | Date | Rudy Giuliani | Rick Lazio | Peter King | George Pataki |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | May 24, 1999 | 36% | 8% | – | 45% |
Quinnipiac | June 30, 1999 | 67% | 6% | 9% | – |
General election
Polling
Poll source | Date published |
Hillary Clinton (D) |
Rudy Giuliani (R) |
Joseph DioGuardi (C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | February 3, 1999 | 51% | 42% | – |
Quinnipiac | February 23, 1999 | 54% | 36% | – |
Quinnipiac | March 23, 1999 | 50% | 39% | – |
Quinnipiac | April 15, 1999 | 47% | 42% | – |
Quinnipiac | April 22, 1999 | 49% | 41% | – |
Quinnipiac | May 24, 1999 | 48% | 42% | – |
Quinnipiac | June 30, 1999 | 46% | 44% | – |
Quinnipiac | July 29, 1999 | 45% | 45% | – |
Quinnipiac | September 16, 1999 | 45% | 44% | – |
Quinnipiac | October 5, 1999 | 43% | 46% | – |
Quinnipiac | November 10, 1999 | 42% | 47% | – |
Quinnipiac | December 16, 1999 | 42% | 46% | – |
Quinnipiac | January 20, 2000 | 42% | 46% | – |
Quinnipiac | February 6, 2000 | 42% | 45% | – |
Quinnipiac | March 2, 2000 | 41% | 48% | – |
Quinnipiac | April 5, 2000 | 46% | 43% | – |
Quinnipiac | May 1, 2000 | 46% | 44% | – |
Quinnipiac | May 16, 2000 | 42% | 41% | 5% |
Poll source | Date published |
Hillary Clinton (D) |
Rick Lazio (R) | |
Quinnipiac | May 16, 2000 | 50% | 31% | – |
Quinnipiac | June 7, 2000 | 44% | 44% | – |
Quinnipiac | July 12, 2000 | 45% | 45% | – |
Zogby International | July 29, 2000 | 42% | 50% | – |
Quinnipiac | August 9, 2000 | 46% | 43% | – |
Quinnipiac | September 12, 2000 | 49% | 44% | – |
Quinnipiac | September 27, 2000 | 50% | 43% | – |
Quinnipiac | October 6, 2000 | 50% | 43% | – |
Quinnipiac | October 18, 2000 | 50% | 43% | – |
Quinnipiac | October 31, 2000 | 47% | 44% | – |
Quinnipiac | November 6, 2000 | 51% | 39% | – |
- Clinton v. Lazio (before Giuliani withdrawal)
Poll source | Date published |
Hillary Clinton (D) |
Rick Lazio (R) |
---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | March 23, 1999 | 56% | 23% |
Quinnipiac | May 24, 1999 | 52% | 30% |
Quinnipiac | June 30, 1999 | 50% | 34% |
Quinnipiac | July 29, 1999 | 50% | 32% |
- Clinton v. D'Amato
Poll source | Date published |
Hillary Clinton (D) |
Alfonse D'Amato (R) |
---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | February 23, 1999 | 60% | 30% |
Quinnipiac | March 23, 1999 | 56% | 34% |
Quinnipiac | April 15, 1999 | 54% | 34% |
Quinnipiac | April 22, 1999 | 55% | 36% |
- Clinton v. Pataki
Poll source | Date published |
Hillary Clinton (D) |
George Pataki (R) |
---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | May 24, 1999 | 47% | 45% |
Quinnipiac | May 16, 2000 | 41% | 46% |
- Clinton v. King
Poll source | Date published |
Hillary Clinton (D) |
Peter King (R) |
---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | June 30, 1999 | 51% | 31% |
Quinnipiac | July 29, 1999 | 50% | 30% |
- Lowey v. Giuliani
Poll source | Date published |
Nita Lowey (D) |
Rudy Giuliani (R) |
---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | March 23, 1999 | 30% | 48% |
- Lowey v. D'Amato
Poll source | Date published |
Nita Lowey (D) |
Alfonse D'Amato (R) |
---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | March 23, 1999 | 39% | 39% |
- Lowey v. Lazio
Poll source | Date published |
Nita Lowey (D) |
Rick Lazio (R) |
---|---|---|---|
Quinnipiac | March 23, 1999 | 33% | 20% |
Campaign
The contest drew considerable national attention and both candidates were well-funded. By the end of the race, Democrat Clinton and Republicans Lazio and Giuliani had spent a combined $90 million, sending out solicitations regarding the "carpetbagging" issue.
Clinton secured a broad base of support, including endorsements from conservation groups[86] and organized labor,[87] but notably not the New York City police union which endorsed Lazio while firefighters supported Clinton.[88][89] While Clinton had a solid base of support in New York City, candidates and observers expected the race to be decided in upstate New York where 45 percent of the state's voters lived. During the campaign, Clinton vowed to improve the economic picture in upstate New York, promising that her plan would deliver 200,000 New York jobs over six years. Her plan included specific tax credits with the purpose of rewarding job creation and encouraging business investment, especially in the high-tech sector. She called for targeted personal tax cuts for college tuition and long-term care.[90] Lazio faced a unique tactical problem campaigning upstate. The major issue there was the persistently weak local economy, which Lazio hoped to link to his opponent's husband's tenure in office. Attacks on the state of the upstate economy were frequently interpreted as criticism of incumbent Republican governor George Pataki, however, limiting the effect of this line of attack.
In July 2000, the release of State of a Union: Inside the Complex Marriage of Bill and Hillary Clinton by author Jerry Oppenheimer led to reports that Clinton had called someone a "fucking Jew bastard" in 1974.[91] The report, which received international media coverage, "rocked" Clinton's campaign, with The Daily Telegraph describing the campaign as having "mounted a frantic damage limitation exercise after details of the alleged incident were leaked".[92] Clinton had reportedly screamed the insult at Paul Fray, who managed Bill Clinton's unsuccessful 1974 congressional campaign.[91] Fray, his wife, and another campaign staffer stated that they had heard Clinton's outburst, while both Clintons adamantly denied that she had referenced Fray's heritage[92] (while Oppenheimer wrote that Fray's father was Jewish,[93] in reality Fray was a Southern Baptist whose closest Jewish ancestor was a paternal great-grandmother).[91][94] Bill Clinton did allow that Hillary might have simply called Fray a "bastard".[91] In media interviews, Fray and his wife acknowledged several factors that tended to undermine his credibility: he had lost his license to practice law for altering court records; he had made false accusations against the Clintons in the past; and he had suffered a brain hemorrhage with some resultant losses of memory.[94]
Opponents continued to make the carpetbagging issue a focal point throughout the race and during debates.
During the campaign,
A September 13, 2000 debate between Lazio and Clinton proved important. Lazio was on the warpath against
Late in the campaign, Lazio criticized Clinton for accepting campaign donations from various Arab groups in the wake of the USS Cole bombing. The Lazio campaign orchestrated a wave of telephone calls to voters using this attack.[103] This issue caused former New York Mayor Ed Koch to take out ads telling Lazio to "stop with the sleaze already,"[102] and did not change the dynamic of the race. Some of Lazio's campaign strategists would later say that the Cole-based attack had backfired and became the campaign's biggest blunder.[103]
Results
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Hillary Rodham Clinton | 3,562,415 | |||
Working Families | Hillary Rodham Clinton | 102,094 | |||
Liberal
|
Hillary Rodham Clinton | 82,801 | |||
total | Hillary Rodham Clinton | 3,747,310 | 55.27 | +0.02 | |
Republican | Rick Lazio | 2,724,589 | |||
Conservative
|
Rick Lazio | 191,141 | |||
total | Rick Lazio | 2,915,730 | 43.01 | +1.5 | |
Independence
|
Jeffrey Graham | 43,181 | 0.64 | -0.08 | |
Green
|
Mark Dunau | 40,991 | 0.60 | ||
Right to Life | John Adefope | 21,439 | 0.32 | -1.68 | |
Libertarian | John Clifton | 4,734 | 0.07 | -0.31 | |
Constitution | Louis Wein | 3,414 | 0.05 | ||
Socialist Workers | Jacob Perasso | 3,040 | 0.04 | -0.27 | |
Blank/scattering | 179,823 | ||||
Majority | 831,580 | 12.27% | |||
Turnout | 6,779,839 | ||||
Democratic hold |
- Per New York State law, Clinton and Lazio totals include their minor party-line votes: Conservative Partyfor Lazio.
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
- Broome (largest municipality: Binghamton)
- Chautauqua (County Seat: Mayville)
- Chemung (largest municipality: Elmira)
- Clinton (largest municipality: Plattsburgh)
- Franklin (largest municipality: Malone)
- Jefferson (largest municipality: Le Ray)
- Monroe (largest municipality: Rochester)
- Nassau (largest municipality: Hempstead)
- Rockland (County Seat: New City)
- Richmond (Staten Island, borough of New York City)
- St. Lawrence (largest municipality: Massena)
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
- Cayuga (County Seat: Auburn)
- Rensselaer (County Seat: Troy)
Hasidic pardons
In January 2001, two months after Hillary Rodham Clinton's election to the Senate, President Clinton
A federal investigation launched to investigate various Clinton pardons,[105] closed its investigation of the New Square matter in June 2002 by taking no action against Bill Clinton, Hillary Rodham Clinton, or any residents of New Square.[107]
Hollywood fundraiser
Hillary Clinton's former finance director,
Peter Paul also filed a civil suit in this matter, Paul v. Clinton. On April 10, 2006, the judge in charge of the case removed Hillary Clinton as a defendant, citing a lack of evidence, but leaving open the possibility that she might still be called to testify as a witness in the case.[110] The removal was upheld by the California Second District Court of Appeal on October 16, 2007.[111]
Meanwhile, by the time of
Analysis
Clinton won the election on November 7 with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio's 43 percent,[113] a difference larger than most observers had expected.[103][114] Clinton won the traditionally Democratic base of New York City by large margins, and carried suburban Westchester County, but lost heavily populated Long Island, part of which Lazio represented in Congress. She won 13 of 61 counties, with surprising victories in Upstate counties, such as Cayuga, Rensselaer, and Niagara. Overall, she lost Upstate to Lazio by only 3 percentage points, to which her win has been attributed.[103]
In comparison with other results, Clinton's 12-point margin was smaller than Gore's 25-point margin over Bush in the
The victory of a Democrat in the Senate election was not assured, because in recent decades the Republicans had won about half the elections for governor and senator.Lazio's bid was handicapped by the weak performance of
Lazio gave up his House seat to run for Senate. Following his defeat, which set a record for the most money spent in a losing Senate effort,
Giuliani would undergo treatment for his cancer and eventually recover; he would also divorce Donna Hanover and eventually marry Judith Nathan. After his campaign withdrawal, his political future looked uncertain at best.
Throughout much of 2007, Clinton and Giuliani led in national polls for their parties' respective nominations, and media reports often looked back to the 2000 "race that wasn't" as a preview of what might lie in wait for the entire nation in 2008.[14][37] Such extrapolating ended with the Giuliani campaign's precipitous decline and January 2008 withdrawal. Clinton as well failed to gain the 2008 nomination and, in June 2008, she finished in a close second place to Illinois Senator Barack Obama.
In December 2008, Lowey would have another chance at the Senate seat, when Clinton was nominated for
Giuliani and Clinton got another chance to battle each other during the
The attacks continued; in March 2018 Giuliani made a joke at a fundraiser at Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort, the premise of which was that Clinton was almost too fat to fit through doorways.[139] Judith Giuliani was reported to have given her husband a "most foul look" following the remark; the Giulianis announced they were getting divorced a few weeks later.[140] News of the breakup caused media outlets to recall how the Rudy-Judith relationship had all first come to light during the hectic weeks of the 2000 senatorial campaign.[141]
Giuliani became even more in the public spotlight as a central figure in the Trump–Ukraine scandal and the attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, and then as the subject of a federal investigation about possible wrongdoing regarding his actions in Ukraine. Asked about her onetime campaign opponent in April 2021, Clinton said that Giuliani has "been behaving so erratically and seemingly illegally for so long" that "I don't recognize him now. I don't know what's gotten into him, and we'll see what the investigation concludes."[142]
See also
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{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Lovett, Kenneth (January 22, 2009). "Caroline Kennedy officially withdraws from race for Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's Senate seat". New York Daily News. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
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External links
- Official campaign websites (archived)