2000s in fashion
The fashion of the 2000's is often described as a global
Those usually age 25 and older adopted a dressy casual style which was popular throughout the decade. Globalization also influenced the decade's clothing trends, with the incorporation of Middle Eastern and Asian dress into mainstream European, American, and Australasian fashion.[1] Furthermore, eco-friendly and ethical clothing, such as recycled fashions were prominent in the decade.[1]
In the early 2000s, many mid and late 1990s fashions remained fashionable around the globe, while simultaneously introducing newer trends. The later years of the decade saw a large-scale revival of clothing designs primarily from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
General trends
The rise of fast fashion
The early to mid-2000s saw a rise in the consumption of
During the year 1999, department stores such as
This trend in fast fashion allowed shoppers to own designer items at lower prices, and also allowed the production and public normalization of copycat styles.[5] Designers noticed that their designs were being copied, and many designers began to adapt; in 2004, the retailer H&M, a prominent fast fashion brand, collaborated with fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld to introduce a one-time collection which proved to be a huge success, as women flocked to H&M stores to own a piece of the designer's 30 selections available in the collection.[6]
Stores such as Wet Seal and American Apparel are said to be "American precursors to the fast fashion empire".[2]
Ethics
The ethics of fast fashion has been the topic of numerous debates and questioning of business practices. Producing fashion at such fast rates involves less than secure worker conditions, and non-livable wages for the laborers. It also involves a lot of waste. Americans throw out 14 million tons of clothing a year, with the help of fast fashion.
Socio-economics and the logo purse
At the same time that fast fashion became able to supply vast quantities of imitation luxury goods, Western income inequalities had risen steadily.[9][10][11] To create an image of belonging to a higher income consumer group, people sought real or copied branded items of "high fashion" items.[12] In haute couture, designers were becoming increasingly inspired by pop culture and street style. These designs could succeed in high fashion because some top percentile earners wanted to present as being less wealthy: to communicate "street cred" or equality ideals. In addition, designer street style enabled the few social climbers that did exist (in entertainment industry, for example), to show that they valued their roots. The tensions of income inequalities and fast fashion therefore led to the blending of street style and haute couture, so that the designer logo was seen boldly printed on all types of clothing, particularly items that needed to be replaced less often, such as a purse or pair of sunglasses. A logo purse was a visual unifier, worn by celebrities, models and "middle class" shoppers (who, because of growing income inequalities, earned increasingly less than habitual haute couture customers). Thanks to outlet stores and plentiful supplies of fast fashion "knock-offs", a logo purse became available to everyone. For the majority of shoppers, a branded purse was a form of escapism; a unifying factor that let people forget how much money they made,[12] and present themselves as being like the rest.
As the decade went on, it became increasingly popular to mix designer and fast fashion clothing. In response, a counter-culture of vintage and thrift clothing - not a new phenomenon, but not yet part of the mainstream either began to re-establish itself in some areas, growing in popularity after the hit of the 2008/9 recession.[13]
Women's fashion
This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (February 2023) |
Early 2000s (2000–2002)
Y2K fashion
Fashion in the 2000s was profoundly influenced by technology. Around this time, there was a monochromatic futuristic approach to fashion,[14] with metallics, shiny blacks, heavy use of gray, straps, and buckles becoming commonplace. Y2K fashion, as it came to be known as, aimed to reflect the sleek appearance of its era's new technology. When the original iPod was introduced in 2001, the white earbuds, as well as the gadget itself, became something of an accessory for early adopters.[15]
Particular pieces of Y2K clothing included mesh tops, wraparound sunglasses, wireframe rectangle glasses, box-pleated skirts, handkerchief tops (often in a metallic pattern such as silver or gold for a disco feel),[16] satin skirts, leather skirts,[17] concert t-shirts with rhinestones,[14] sparkling shoes,[18] halter tops, sequined pants (popularized by Peter Morrissey),[19] and embroidered and sequined tops (inspired by Easton Pearson),[19][20] along with the famous pearl printed black cocktail dress by Karen Walker, which was successful worldwide.[19]
In the year 2000, some examples of the casual women's and girl's fashion trends were oversized sunglasses, mini shoulder handbags/purses,
Casual chic
In Africa, Europe, North America, East Asia, South America, and Oceania, the early 2000s saw the continuation of many mid and late
9/11 and the mortgage crisis of 2008 impacted fashion by bringing in a new wave of conservatism. This created a rise in denim, the American fabric of the working person. Jeans became acceptable in every situation, from the supermarket to the red carpet.[32] It was a slow shift to conservatism, seen in how jeans started low-rise in reflection of the free-spirited Y2K style and moved through various waistlines and leg widths. As mentioned with the social classes, corporate logos became a form of stability and comfort in fashion. There was a sense of unity in the country because all kinds of people were buying the same brands and sporting the same American companies.[32]
Possibly in reaction to the streamlined, futuristic, outer space-themed Y2K styles of the year 2000, distressed denim became popular in America from 2001 to 2008. Pants became lower waisted and significantly more flared than they were previously, and often featured elaborate embroidery rather than the utilitarian, no-frills style of before.[15] In the UK, it was popular for women to wear skirts over trousers, floral print shift dresses, and colors like black, purple and pink. Big, chunky shoes and sandals were popular, with thick wedge heels and imitation leather straps decorated with floral embroidery,[citation needed] while previously successful sneaker brands like Skechers declined in popularity.[22]
First-wave 1980s revival
Although the 1980s fashion revival wasn't in full swing until 2001, the first movement had started in the late 1990s and continued into the early 2000s. This first wave primarily focused on the early 1980s. Such trends that emerged during this period included denim
European and American women and girls wore low-top sneakers, such as
Sex and the City
The American television series Sex and the City impacted how women cared about fashion and how they shopped. The show depicted women as empowered consumers, each with their own independent styles that shopped based on what they wanted, not what they were told to wear.[36] The main characters became fashion icons, inspiring window displays, fashion lines, magazines, and women globally. Carrie Bradshaw, the main character, is credited for making Manolo Blahnik a household name from her obsession with the Spanish designer's high-heeled shoes.[37] Trends inspired by the show include stilettos, designer handbags (with two episodes centered around the latest "It bag"), large fabric flowers, and berets.[38]
Mid 2000s (2003–2006)
It items and 1960s revival
It items were very popular in the 2000s, particularly the early and middle years. Examples of some highly sought-after It items of the mid-2000s included
Popular mid 2000s trends for women were embroidered
Introduced in 2005,
Popular accessories included trucker hats,
Military influences
From 2005 until the end of the decade, more elaborate military inspired clothing became a unisex
African clothing
Throughout the mid and late 2000s,
Late 2000s (2007–2009)
Carry over styles
Many early and mid 2000s fashions remained fashionable in 2007; This included items such as denim miniskirts, whale tail,
Second wave 1980s revival
In the late 2000s, there was a large scale 1980s revival in Europe and the US, which incorporated general items of late 1980s and early 1990s streetwear, such as neon colors,
The
Eastern and fairtrade fashion
Summer 2007 saw a resurgence of interest in
In Britain and the US, some younger women and teen girls, especially those affiliated with the
Activist chic
In Britain and Australia, Middle Eastern
In 2007,
Men's fashion
Early 2000s (2000–2002)
Y2K fashion
Clothing was mostly made in black, though silver was also fashionable.[15] An example of this would be a tracksuit,[16] Rockport boots, a dress shirt, a pair of pants, a camp shirt, or a jacket in a fancy metallic pattern for going out; while also including of items such as leather coats and pants, puffy vests, jackets, ribbed sweaters, shirts, and chunky dress shoes, usually in futuristic colors such as black, silver, light gray, and white.[80][81] It lasted from late 1999[80] until late 2001.[15]
Leisurewear
After the events of
Generally, many fashion trends from 1995 onwards continued to be worn in the early years of the decade. Newer fashion trends in the early 2000s included wearing sportswear and military wear
Men's Accessories of the early 2000s included white belts,
Asian fashions
From 2001 onwards,
Mid 2000s (2003–2006)
1960s revival
In the mid-2000s,
Retro movie inspirations
In 2004, men's fashion was inspired by movies from the 1960s and 1980s. Of particular inspiration were the movies
Popular men's accessories of the mid-2000s included black
Business suits
In the UK workplace, black, navy or charcoal
Late 2000s (2007–2009)
Throwback fashions
In the late 2000s, 1950s
In the late 2000s, common accessories worn by men included retro
Ed Hardy
Due to the mainstream acceptance of
Slim-fit suits
In the European workplace, the cut of suits changed, as the three buttoned jackets popular in the 1990s were replaced with 1950s inspired suits comprising a two-buttoned
Youth fashion
Youth fashion was strongly influenced by many music-based subcultures such as
- Hip hop
The clothing of American hip hop fans underwent an evolution from the
Another common American subculture were theBreakdown
The development of hip-hop fashion, from its start in the streets of New York to its current standing as an international trend, is a striking example of how this genre both affected and was inspired by broader cultural and stylistic trends. The 1970s saw the emergence of hip-hop's fashion heritage, which mirrored the streetwear previously owned by kids in the Bronx, such as tracksuits, bomber jackets, and sneakers with large shoelaces. The sneaker market was dominated by brands like Puma, Chuck Taylors, and Pro-Keds, while baggy clothes gained popularity, probably as a result of inner-city hand-me-downs being ill-fitting. This creative fusion of streetwear and inventiveness laid the groundwork for hip-hop's aesthetic expression, highlighting uniqueness and fortitude in the face of societal, economic, and cultural obstacles.[146]
Hip-hop's fashion sense became harder to come by as it became more mainstream, but it never lost its core spirit of rebellion and self-expression. This mindset remained when hip-hop fashion transitioned into the new century. Artists such as Nigo, the originator of A Bathing Ape (BAPE), had a major impact on the style of the time by working with other hip-hop artists. For instance, Pharrell Williams was essential in fusing hip-hop with skate culture, which expanded the fashion influence of the music.[147]
In the mid to late 2000s, artists such as Kanye West challenged the conventional ideas of masculinity in hip-hop fashion by presenting a more varied selection of ensemble options, such as shutter sunglasses and pink polo shirts. Hip-hop and high fashion saw a dramatic crossover during this time, with Kanye West's partnership with Louis Vuitton signifying a new degree of collaboration between the two industries.[147]
By the early 2010s, artists like Tyler, the Creator, and A$AP Rocky were pushing the limits of hip-hop fashion even further, highlighting the influence of skatewear and the incorporation of high fashion inside hip-hop style. The bold, unconventional fashion of Odd Future stood in opposition to the subdued, monochrome attire of musicians such as Kanye West, demonstrating the range of artistic expressions within the genre. Hip-hop's growing interest in luxury clothes was highlighted by A$AP Rocky's name-dropping of high-end labels in his songs, which established designers like Rick Owens and Raf Simons as mainstays of the genre's lexicon.[147]
- Chavs and moshers
In the early 2000s, the most common British subcultures were the
The skaters (nicknamed
- Nu metal, rave, and goth
In America, common subcultures of the early 2000s included the
In the rave subculture, fashion trends that had developed in the 1990s persisted. Some
- Psychobilly and rockabilly
From the early-mid-2000s, black
Later in the decade, it was popular for women to dress like
- Indie and emo
In 2005,
The other notable youth group of the mid-late 2000s were the
- Scene kids
By early 2009 the most conspicuous subculture was the "scene kids.".
- Preppy
Items seen in the late 2000s for preppy youth, teens, and college age included footwear Sperrys, Keds, ballet flats, Converse Chucks, Uggs, riding boots, especially worn with knee socks or legwarmers slouch at the top of the boots, Hunter rain boots, and other white casual sneakers. Items worn included skirts and dresses such as pleated skirts, skater skirts, skater dresses, babydoll dresses, bubble skirts, jeans skirts, 2fer leggings and skirt combo,[174][175][176] sweater dresses, skimp dresses and belted shirt dresses with ankle or capri leggings, footless or footed opaque tights.[177] Also oversized shirts, sweaters[178] and sweatshirts worn with leggings, polo shirts, layered short sleeve polo or t-shirts with a long sleeved shirt under, argyle print clothing including sweaters, knee socks, headbands, etc., cardigans, skinny jeans and colored jeans,[179][180][181] translucent tartan shirts worn with a camisole underneath,[182] cropped sweaters, jeggings, neon and pastel colored socks,[183] Nike tempo shorts, dressy shorts, headbands and headwraps.[184][185][186]
2000s beauty trends
Hairstyles
Women
In the early 2000s, women's hair was often long and straight.[187] The early 2000s featured "zig-zag partings", in which the hairline is parted in a zig-zag fashion. Hair lengths varied from below the earlobes at the shortest to just below the shoulders at the longest.[188] From 1995 until 2008 highlights and lowlights made of blonde, red, and light brown went mainstream. In 2000, highlights were soft and subtle for a sun-kissed look.[188] In 2002 bold and unblended highlights called "chunky highlights" burst onto the scene. This trend was kickstarted by Kelly Clarkson during her time on American Idol, lasting until 2006.[189] The early 2000s also continued the Farrah Fawcett hairstyle revival of the late 1990s.[190] Crimped hair was popular in the early and mid 2000s.
For black women,
In the mid-2000s, many women favored the bob haircut, as well as its longer version, the long bob or "the lob".[187][189] By the late 00's, it became unfashionable to center-part one's hair, and the side-swept Bangs of the 1980s made a comeback.
In the late 2000s, dark haired women (and even light-haired ones) favored the
Men
For European men aged 25–40, shorter hair styles that usually took the form of a
Long, shaggy Mod or surfer hair became popular among many young men between 2003 and 2006 in the UK as many bands moved away from punk rock and rap metal in favor of a 1960s inspired indie or garage rock sound pioneered by groups like The Strokes, Jet, The Killers, The Hives, The Vines, Coldplay, and The White Stripes. These hairstyles gradually replaced the shaggy, grown out curtained hair popular since the late 1990s among American celebrities like Tom Cruise, Jim Adkins of Jimmy Eat World, Alex Band, Jason Wade, Mehmet Okur and Hanno Möttölä.
By the late 2000s, many young British men opted for a clean-cut 1950s inspired hairstyle, kept in place with pomade.[192] Shaved and bald hairstyles along with beards, moustaches, stubble, sideburns, and the goatee became popular in Europe and North America in reaction to the effeminate early and mid 2000s metrosexual look, with charitable events like Movember further increasing their acceptability.[193]
Children and teenagers
For boys, short haircuts such as the
In the mid-2000s, longer hair on teenage boys became popular in the UK and America, including the
In 2009, the androgynous
In between 2006 and 2008, Middle Eastern teenage boys in Australia, namely those of Lebanese descent, acquired the high and tight haircut. Some had the cut with a mullet.
Makeup and cosmetic trends
The year 2000, was based on the glittery Y2K inspired makeup of the late 1990s. With the turn of the millennium, the idea was for women to capture a futuristic, space-age style, with makeup including bronze specks for a metallic shine with ecstatic colors. An alternative for those who did not like metallics was a purple and brown color scheme.[198] Lip gloss was more popular than lipstick among both women and girls.[189] By the spring/summer season of 2001, this look took a backseat in favor of a more low-maintenance, natural style that showed off ones features. However, the glittery looks continued to be popular.[199] In 2002, mineral makeup broke into the mainstream with Bare Minerals, a product of Bare Escentuals. This fueled the trend for natural looking makeup, and became the standard of the 2000s.[189] By 2004, the glittery looks had disappeared.
By around 2005/06, retro-styled makeup from the 1940s had made a comeback, such as bright red lips and cat eyes. In the mid and late 2000s, lip gloss remained popular, and the "Smoky Eye" emerged, with more emphasis on
Body care and grooming
The year 2000 featured natural-colored skin as the most desirable, and did not feature many body care trends other than the rise of hair removal, teeth whitening, and anti-aging creams. In the summer of 2001, the sunless tanning trend broke into the mainstream for all genders,[199] prompted by Jennifer Lopez[187] and Christina Aguilera. This included both self-tanners and spray tans. Cosmetic contacts also became more widespread among all genders this year. In 2002, botox was approved for public use and became hugely popular with women and men. By 2009, fake tanning had gone out of style in favor a pale complexion, inspired by the Twilight film.[189]
The 2000s, continued the unisex trend of bikini waxing which had started in the 1990s.[187] Although waxing in general had been popular among women for several years, it was in the 1990s that complete male body hair removal went mainstream.[201] Being considered suggestive and indecent in the 90s, male waxing became ubiquitous as a result of the metrosexual trend in the early and mid 2000s. Also during this time, it was popular to have a completely clean-shaven face, as if to make one look underage.[189] Male hair removal declined in the late 2000s.
Tattoos and piercings
The 2000s continued the trend of tattoos and piercings among both genders which had begun during the 1990s. Commonplace tattoos in Europe, Australasia, Hong Kong,
In the early 2000s,
Gallery
A selection of images related to the period.
-
Chunky sneakers of the early 2000s.
-
Swedish actors in 2002 sporting various early 2000s fashions and hairstyles.
-
Leeann Tweeden, 2003, wearing an off-the-shoulder top and cargo pants. She also sports highlights on her hair.
-
Young woman in 2003 wearing a horizontal striped shirt and boot-cut jeans.
-
Theflared jeansof the late 1990s remained fashionable throughout the early and mid 2000s.
-
Miranda Kerr in 2004 modeling for Obar Jeans.
-
English-Australian singerhip-hop fashion.
-
Female tourists in 2005 sporting colorful mid 2000s athletic fashions.
-
Winklepicker bootsfashionable in England, Italy and Mexico from 2005 onwards.
-
Slim-fittweedpopular in the late 2000s
-
Girl with curly brown hair sporting an off-the-shoulder top, a carry over from the early 2000s.
-
Paisley handbag associated with the boho-chic look.
-
German Mosher, the more punk-like incarnation of scene, early-mid 2000s.
-
Close-fitting vintage printed T-shirt
-
Slim-fitting plaidWestern shirtgained popularity in the UK in the late 2000s
-
Tattoos and extreme body piercings went mainstream in the late 2000s.
-
Chinese skaters, 2007.
-
Ecuadorian emo kids from the late 2000s.
-
Young woman wearing sundress and Christian Louboutin shoes, 2009.
-
Example of the two button slim-fit suit popular in the late 2000s in the UK, US and China.
-
American Scene kids, 2008.
-
Skinny jeanscirca 2008
-
Woman wearing backless top andmicroskirt at Cologne Pride, 2006.
See also
References
- ^ a b c Rindfuss, Bryan (30 December 2009). "Arts: What ought to wear". San Antionio Current. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ a b Idacavage, Sara (8 June 2016). "Fashion History Lesson: The Origins of Fast Fashion". Fashionista. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Wahba, Phil (21 February 2017). "Can America's Department Stores Survive?". Fortune. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Chernikoff, Leah (12 June 2012). "The Top 20 Designer Collaborations: A Timeline". Fashionista. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Muhlke, Christine (13 October 2010). "Chasing a Fast-Fashion Knockoff". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ "Truly Fast Fashion: H&M's Lagerfeld Line Sells Out in Hours". WWD. 15 November 2004. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Wicker, Alden (1 September 2016). "Fast Fashion is Creating an Environmental Crisis". Newsweek. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Chau, Lisa (21 September 2012). "The Wasteful Culture of Forever 21, H&M, and 'Fast Fashion'". US News. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ "U.S. household income distribution, by Gini-coefficient 2020". Statista. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ Francis-Devine, Brigid (2 October 2022). "Income inequality in the UK". House of Commons Library.
- ^ "Gini index (World Bank estimate) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ ISBN 9781847888525.
- ^ "The Rise of Vintage Fashion and the Vintage Consumer". ResearchGate. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ a b c "The Year That Was: Style". Entertainment Weekly. ew.com. 23 December 2000. Archived from the original on 25 April 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ^ a b c d Brillson, Leila (26 February 2013). "Millennial Trends – Clothing Popular in the 2000s". refinery29.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Y2K fashion just run-of-the-millenium". Archived from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ a b "Fashion variety the ticket". CNN. 13 October 2000. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
- ^ a b c "Spring Fashion 2000". 14 February 2000. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Powerhouse Museum Fashion of the Year 2000". Retrieved 21 June 2014.
- ^ "Powerhouse Museum – Women's outfit". Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
- ^ a b c "Looking Back at the Best of 2000". collegecandy.com. 14 December 2013. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Skechers U.S.A. Inc". Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d "The way we wore: 2002's fashion trends". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ "Hip Huggers". Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Millennial Trends – Clothing Popular in the 2000s". refinery29.com. 26 February 2013. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- ^ a b "All about Spring 2001". Archived from the original on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "The Short-Lived Trends of the Decade – The 00's Issue – New York Magazine". 2 December 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
- ^ a b "Lookin' good in cargo pants". Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Top 8 Fashion Trends and People of 2003". Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ "Silky cargo pants all the rage". CNN. 20 February 2003. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e "The Most Okay Fashions of 2003". Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ a b "From Uggs To Y2K, What The '00s Meant To Us | Oye! Times". 27 February 2013.
- ^ "Leg Warmers". Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ Moore, Booth (30 May 2003). "Jammin' jellies". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b Mikkelson, Barbara (14 November 2003). "Sex Bracelets". Snopes. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ISBN 9781847888525.
- ISBN 9781847888570.
- ^ "All of the Trends That Sex and the City Predicted and Perfected". Vogue. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Brillson, Leila (26 February 2013). "Millennial Trends – Clothing Popular in the 2000s". refinery29.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Tortora, Phyllis G. and Keith Eubank. Survey of Historic Costume. 4th Edition, 2005. Fairchild Publications.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Tunic". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Wide Belt". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Madden, Mike (27 July 2009). "Admit it – you used to wear Crocs – The Brand Graveyard". Salon.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ Luscombe, Belinda (10 July 2008). "10 Questions for Tim Gunn". Time. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
- ^ Oloffson, Kristi (27 May 2010). "The 50 Worst Inventions". Time. Archived from the original on 30 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Miniskirt and Minidress". Time. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ Maxwell, Alison (16 April 2006). "Skinny legs and all: Jeans get slender". USA Today. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Skinny Jean". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Platform Boot". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Ballet Flats". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Black Nail Polish". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ISBN 978-1-4236-0190-6.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Thomas Wylde". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Patner, Josh (8 October 2010). "Military Chic During Wartime? Yes, Sir!". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ "Sonia Rykiel". sofeminine.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010.
- ISBN 978-1-4042-1818-5.
- ^ Frazier Tharpe (27 May 2014). "10 Clothing Items That Will Definitely Make You Look Dated". Complex Networks.
- ^ "Driving a hard bargain at the Mitumba Market". The Daily Telegraph. 14 October 2003.
- ^ "Mitumba 101: The Second Hand Clothing Trade in Kenya". 17 July 2013.
- ^ "Tanzania: A Second-Hand Economy?". 24 June 2005.
- ^ "Secondhand Clothes Business Thrives in Kenya – Business Insider". Business Insider.
- ^ "On The Road: The East African market where the brands come cheap". The Independent. 14 November 2009. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022.
- ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "The Best of 2007: Reese Witherspoon". InStyle. Archived from the original on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Deepika always wanted to wear saree at international do". Movies.ndtv.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ ""Ravan's star-studded premiere in London," The Indian Express". The Indian Express. India. 17 June 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ "Saree jahan se achha, The Times of India". The Times of India. 12 September 2008. Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ "Firang babes in saree-Ashley Judd". indiatimes.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ "Ashley Judd Is So Very Sari". TMZ. 28 May 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ "Around the world in 9 yards". Hindustan Times. India. Archived from the original on 26 December 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ PTI (14 May 2010). ""Deepika walks Cannes red carpet in saree," The Hindu". The Hindu. India. Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- TheGuardian.com. 21 August 2005.
- ^ "Unraveling a fantasy: A beginner's guide to Japanese idol pop". The A.V. Club. 18 July 2014.
- ^ "COMME DES GARCONS FOR H&M". British Vogue. 3 April 2008.
- ^ "Fashion Sensei". 19 July 2013. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ^ "Shopping Rebellion". The New Yorker. 10 March 2002.
- ^ "Hello Kitty jewelry". Archived from the original on 24 August 2011.
- ^ "The Last Keffiyeh Factory in Palestine". Palestinemonitor.org. 24 June 2010. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Che chic: you've ignored the horrors, now buy the T-shirt". The Age. 14 October 2007.
- ^ a b "Bloomingdale's I Fall/Winter 1999". Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ "Bloomingdale's I Fall/Winter 2000". Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ "BBC Inside Out - Charvers Webchat". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ Eldor, Karin. "Summer's Back: Look Great This Season". AskMen. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "The Fashion Of Fall 2003". Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ "The Styles Of Summer 2003". Retrieved 9 May 2014.
- ^ "Style". AskMen.
- ^ a b c "Fall 2001". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014.
- ^ "Winter style 2002". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
- ^ Thomspson, Carolyn. "That ball cap is a head giveaway". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "From Alexander the Great to Ahmad Shah Massoud: A Social History of the Pakol | Afghanistan Analysts Network". 3 January 2014.
- ^ "Hamid Karzai's Famous Hat Made From Aborted Lamb Fetuses". Associated Press. 25 March 2015.
- S2CID 37220927.
- ISBN 978-0-231-51293-0.
- ISBN 978-1-84788-739-9.
- ^ "If it's cool, creative and different, it's indie". Edition.cnn.com. 13 October 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ a b "DKNY Men Summer 2005". Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ "AskMen.com - T-shirt trends". 1 December 2007. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007.
- ^ "Summer 2003 trends". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
- ^ "2004 trends". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Ralph Lauren Western shirt". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Eldor, Karin. "Western shirts, Spring 2005". Uk.askmen.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "U.S. Male, Delivered". 24 October 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Male, Delivered". 24 October 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Male, Delivered". 24 October 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Tell, Caroline (20 December 2006). "Barker Black Brogue Shoe". Time. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ "Men's shoes: 5 Trends For Spring 2006". Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ "Men's shoes: 5 Trends For Spring 2006 (Page 2)". Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ "Nehru jacket on Time 'global fashion statement' list". BBC News. 13 January 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Summer 2003". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Fall fashions, 2005". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.
- ^ "2004 trends". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Mens fashions, fall 2005". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 23 August 2012.
- ^ "Leather coats". Uk.askmen.com.
- ^ "Tweed jacket, 2004". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
- ^ Averill, Farah. "Top 10 hype worthy 2009 fashion trends". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Averill, Farah. "Jay-Z: Style icon". Uk.askmen.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Jackets for fall 2007". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2012.
- ISBN 1-4259-8638-2.
- ^ Eldor, Karin. "Beach clothing". AskMen.
- ^ "Ski jackets, fall 2009". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011.
- ^ Dyce, Brandon. "Denim labels you should own". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Michael A. Lubarsky. "2008 winter overcoats". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Bang Face – The Rebirth of Rave, Part One". www.ravetalk.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ Wloszczyna, Susan; Oldenburg, Ann. "Geek chic". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ Michael A. Lubarsky. "Throwback writstwatches". Uk.askmen.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Dyce, Brandon. "2008 sunglasses". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Sneaker Archive". Sneakers.bz. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Sneaker Files". Sneaker Files. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "The 11 Most Embarrassing Fashion Trends Ever - Minq.com". minq.com. January 2014.
- ^ "Ed Hardy Founder Christian Audigier – I HATE Jon Gosselin". TMZ.
- ^ Fox, Adam. "Fall '09 Fashion: What Not To Wear". AskMen.
- ^ "Ed Hardy Confirms Christian Audigier As The Douchebag We All Know He Is". Complex.
- ^ "How men can dress their age – Times of India". The Times of India. 22 January 2016.
- ^ Averill, Farah. "Two button or three button suit?". Uk.askmen.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Averill, Farah. "Power dressing". Uk.askmen.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Berger, Jeremy. "Timeless men's lines". Uk.askmen.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "The Scene Kid Subculture vs. Emos - News Article". Absolute Punk. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ "Moshing and Moshers". Archived from the original on 8 November 2006.
- ^ [Keyes, Cheryl. Rap Music and Street Consciousness, p. 152]
- ^ JSTOR 40170329.
- ^ Krishnamurthy, Sowmya. "Hip-Hop Style". AskMen. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ Wilbekin, Emil. "Great Aspirations: Hip Hop and Fashion Dress for Excess and Success." The Vibe History of Hip Hop. Three Rivers Press 1999. Page 280.
- ^ "Under the Boards : Jeffrey Lane : Excerpts". 10 January 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2010.
- ^ Hayes, Britt (18 October 2013). "The Meanest High School Girls in Movies". ScreenCrush.
- ISBN 0547346972.
- ^ Shackelford, Caroline (25 February 2022). "The Evolution of Hip-Hop Fashion: Origins to Now". He Spoke Style. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ a b c Kolbrener, Charlie (31 March 2020). "The History of Hip Hop Fashion from 2000 to 2020". www.one37pm.com. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Why is 'chav' still controversial?". BBC News. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ISBN 978-1-889703-02-2.
- ^ "Denim guide". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Ryan Shckler interview". Askmen.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Dead fashionable". The Age. 13 September 2002. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ISBN 978-0-8223-3921-2, p. 47]
- ^ "Rivethead fashion". Voices.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012.
- ^ [Baddeley, Gavin (2002). Goth Chic: A Connoisseur's Guide to Dark Culture. London: Plexus Publishing, p. 204.]
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ISBN 0-8223-3746-0.
- ^ "Designer T Shirts". Ed Hardy shop. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013.
- ^ "Ed Hardy hat". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.
- ^ "Dress like an indie frontman". Uk.askmen.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Society: Hipster Subculture Ripe for Parody - TIME". 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 30 July 2009.
- ^ Averill, Farah. "Stealing Onscreen Styles: Kanye West". AskMen. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ Grillo, Ioan. "Mexico's Emo-Bashing Problem - TIME". Archived from the original on 28 March 2008.
- ^ "Switch". BBC. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ Haight, Travis (23 May 2007). "New Haights: Scene kids ought to receive a crash course on their group". Archived from the original on 19 June 2007.
- ^ Yakhnis, Marina (14 December 2006). "'Scene kids' will destroy democracy". The Times-Delphic. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009.
- ^ "Apparel". Hottopic.com. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ISBN 0-8135-3851-3
- ^ Marcus, Caroline (30 March 2008). "Inside the clash of the teen subcultures". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ Urban, Robert. "Ragged Blade Reviews: Queen's Freddie Mercury and his Legacy". Archived from the original on 31 July 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
- ^ "Audrey Kitching's website". Audrey.buzznet.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013.
- ^ "Stylist's Day Off: Audrey Kitching". Cosmopolitan. 6 April 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Justice - Looks you luv for less!". 11 April 2009. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Justice - Looks you luv for less!". 31 March 2009. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ Overstock. "Overstock.com: Online Shopping - Bedding, Furniture, Electronics, Jewelry, Clothing & more". overstock.com. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "These 7 Limited Too Catalog Pages Will Remind You Why It Was The Absolute Coolest Store In The Mall". Bustle. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Girls Clothing | Clothes | Sweaters | ShopJustice.com". 5 April 2010. Archived from the original on 5 April 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Girls Clothing | Jeans | Skinny | Justice Girls Clothing". 3 October 2009. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Girls Clothing | Jeans | Colored Jeans | Justice Girls Clothing". 2 October 2009. Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Girls Clothing | Jeans | Skinny | ShopJustice.com". 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Girls Clothing | Clothes | Camis | ShopJustice.com". 12 February 2010. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Girls Clothing | Accessories | Socks & Tights | Socks | ShopJustice.com". 10 September 2010. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Girls Clothing | Shoes | All Shoes | Justice Girls Clothing". 30 September 2009. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ Kle (18 August 2009). "Preppy and Loving It: Fall Fashion 2009: Children Are Our Future". Preppy and Loving It. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "abercrombie kids: girls". 1 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Top 10 beauty trends of the '00s". Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Top Hair Trends For 2000". Retrieved 15 August 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Beauty Trends of the 2000s". Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Farrah Fawcett Look". Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ "The 25 Best Fashion Trends of the Early 2000sRapper Clothing Brands". Complex.
- ^ "Appearance". AskMen.
- ^ "'Here come the mirror men' by Mark Simpson – first usage of the word 'metrosexual'". Marksimpson.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ "2002 Hair – Beautiful Hairstyles". Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ "skater Haircut Retrieved 2008-10-18". Hair-style-salon.org. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Metropolis – Tokyo feature stories: Face to face with Harajuku – Pictures of Japanese youth". Metropolis.co.jp. Archived from the original on 24 November 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ "Top 10 Sports". AskMen. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ "Make-Up For The Year 2000". CBS News. 8 June 1999. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ^ a b "COSMETICMALL.COM's SUMMER BEAUTY TRENDS 2001". Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ "Trends in the Beauty Industry Over the Past 10 Years". Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ "Waxing For Men". Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ Jones, Ed (11 December 2009). "Hong Kong women shrug off tattoo taboo". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ "David Beckham Chinese Tattoo, Proverb Tattoo Meaning". nganfineart.com.
- ^ "Chinese tattoos popular in West". Archived from the original on 29 March 2009.
- ^ "So why do 'normal' people get tattoos?". 9 October 2007 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Sony Ericsson launches W595 Ed Hardy Edition". 8 September 2009.
- ^ Vance, Ashlee (13 November 2009). "Ed Hardy's Tattoo Art Is Booty for Digital Pirates – The New York Times". The New York Times.
- ^ "No longer taboo for women, tattoos are the new cover-up | The Star". thestar.com. 8 October 2010.
- ^ Zaragoza, Alex (7 April 2020). "The 'Fingerstache' Ruled the 00s, But Many Still Have to Live With It". Vice. Retrieved 17 June 2022.